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Unit 4 Space Exploration 语篇阅读（阅读 完形 语法 短文 ）英语人教版2019必修第三册 原卷
一、阅读理解
PACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER
“Are we alone What’s out there ” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries. Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.
Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true. However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” Following this, there were many more important space achievements. For example, on 5 September 1977, America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space, and it still transmits data to this day. And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board.
Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. For example, all the astronauts on Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecrafts died during their missions. However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars. It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe.
The future of space exploration remains bright. Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
1．Scan the text and match the general idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 Para.2 Para.3 Para.4 Para.5 A．bright future of space exploration B．What has China achieved in space exploration C． people’s desire to explore pace D．Humans realized their dream at last. E. scientists’ determination to explore space despite the disasters
2．When did people make travelling into space possible
A．In the thirteenth century. B．In the eighteenth century.
C．In the mid-20th century. D．In the twenty-first century.
3．Who was the first person in the world to enter space
A．Yang Liwei. B．Neil Armstrong. C．Yuri Gagarin. D．Liu Yang.
4．How did the scientists react after the disasters happened
A．They felt disappointed and hopeless. B．They rose to the challenge bravely.
C．They gave up building the task. D．They decided to put off the exploration.
5．We can infer from the article that ________.
A．only USSR’s Soyuz 11 and America’s Challenger have had accidents
B．the exploration of space will not stop though it has great risks
C．the development of China’s space industry has surpassed the US
D．the exploration of space will certainly help human survive better
6．Fill in the blanks according to the text.
People have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, the help of scientists, people succeeded in realizing their dream (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (launch) by the USSR. scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone (disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7completed second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (discovery) will enable us to survive well into the future.
7．The City in Space — ISS
If you watch the sky about an hour after the sun goes down, you may see some “moving stars”. But they’re not real stars. They are man-made satellites. And the biggest of all is the International Space Station (ISS, 国际空间站).
From now until July is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earth, and people can see it just with their eyes. The ISS is the biggest man-made satellite because scientists want to live on it. They think that the best way to learn more about space is to live there.
When the space station is finished, it will be like a city in space. People will stay and study there with many of the things they have at home. Laboratories, living rooms and power stations are being built.
The ISS is the most ambitious and expensive space program ever. Billions of dollars are being spent on it every year. Scientists hope that the ISS will be a stepping-stone for future space exploration.
“The ISS will help us better understand the human body, explore space and study the earth. It can help us make life on the earth better,” said Kathryn Clark, an ISS scientist.
China is not an ISS country, but it has helped with some of the experiments. China sent some rice up to the ISS to find out what space would do to it.
What is the ISS
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth s increasing population.
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.
Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products, such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world s problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet s resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets. In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people s short-term and long-term problems.
8．Scan the text and find out the main idea of the text.
The passage is mainly about .
Read the text and choose the best answer.
9．In order to provide for the increasingly growing population, ________.
A．scientists are trying hard to solve the problems of pollution
B．scientists are trying to explore other planets as our new home
C．scientists have developed space technology to make high-end products
D．are fighting against hunger all around the world
10．Which of the following aspects doesn’t the space exploration include
A．Farming. B．Technological improvements.
C．Finding other planets to live. D．Building a healthy body.
11．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage
A．To give tips on how to explore space.
B．To explain various ways of exploring space.
C．To call people’s attention to space exploration.
D．To warn people of stopping wasting time and money exploring space.
12．What’s the attitude of the author towards space exploration
A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Neutral. D．We don’t know.
13．Fill in the blanks according to the text.
People hold different views on whether much money and time should be spent (explore) space. In fact, exploring space has already made a great difference in our life. Now a number of satellites orbit Earth, many of which have transmitted important data to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide (use) recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts (grow) enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
Space exploration has a big impact on our life. High-end products are made to a higher standard because of (advance) technology which was first created to meet the (require) for space exploration. Today, space technologies are (wide) used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as memory foam pillows smartphone cameras, are changing our lives.
Sending astronauts into space (help) people to think about the world’s problems already. Seeing pictures of our planet as island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets could one day be our new home. All in all, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
[课本原文]
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as GPS, memory foam pillows, and smartphone cameras are changing our lives.
Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets.
In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
14．Read the argumentative essay about space exploration and answer the questions.
(1) Why are some people against space exploration
(2) What has space exploration done for food production
(3) What did the pictures of Earth from space make people realise
(4) How does space exploration benefit the products that people use nowadays
15．Study the organisation and language features.
(1) Read the first paragraph and underline the different opinions about space exploration.
(2) Find the three topic sentences that summarise the writer’s arguments about space exploration.
(3) Underline the sentence that repeats the writer’s opinion in the last paragraph.
In the past few decades, great progress has been made in the field of space exploration, which has enabled mankind to have a deeper understanding of the solar system, our place in it and in the universe. “We sent probes to every planet in the solar system. This is by far the best one,” said Clayton, vice president of Blue Origin.” Let’s focus right now on protecting the Earth environment, and then we’ll go from there.”
Clayton also mentioned that space science and technology should be people-centric and application-centric, and focus on improving human life. We need to have a strong footing on the Earth, learn to solve the day-to-day problems of the society.
“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations. Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture,” said Victoria, CEO of a company working on sustainable development. “Through Global Navigation Satellite System, animals’ movement information recorded on self-recharging devices can be transmitted to the company’s server. Farmers can be warned in real time if anomalies (异常现象) are noticed. We can also use it to ensure the traceability of the entire meat supply chain.”
As early as 2007, Michael Griffin, former Administrator of NASA, put forward the idea of the “space economy” in a speech. He was very optimistic about the market of commercial space and said, “According to the latest data, the global space industry could reach $1 trillion in 2040, up from $378 billion currently.”
As an entrepreneur (创业者) herself, Victoria thinks the thriving space market will bring countless opportunities for entrepreneurs. She mentioned future settlements on Mars or on the Moon, “If we are going to develop a new society outside the Earth, we will need all types of applications and all types of start-ups.”
16．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．A successful space exploration. B．A probe sent to some other planet.
C．The planet people are living on now. D．The solar system people are exploring.
17．In Clayton’s opinion, what should be the first concern about space technology
A．Providing more financial support. B．Improving people’s life on earth.
C．Sending more probes into space. D．The development of related technology.
18．How does Victoria support her statement about satellite monitoring in Paragraph 3
A．By making reasoning. B．By making comparison.
C．By providing accurate figures. D．By illustrating it from different aspects.
19．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Necessities of space exploration. B．Breakthroughs in space exploration.
C．Possible application of space technology. D．Serious issues about space technology.
Dr. Nancy Roman, born in 1925, who was known as a pioneer for female scientists and had advanced the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope (望远镜), died in December 2018.
When Nancy Roman asked for permission to take an algebra (代数) course in high school, a teacher demanded to know “what girl would take mathematics instead of Latin”. In college, a professor admitted that he often tried to prevent women from majoring in physics but Roman stuck to it. Roman received a doctor’s degree in astronomy from the University of Chicago in 1949. And in 1959, Dr. Roman became the first Chief of Astronomy (天文学) at NASA Headquarters, a role that made her one of the agency’s first female leaders.
During her career, Dr. Roman spent much of her time helping develop, fund and promote technology that would help scientists see more clearly beyond Earth’s atmosphere. But her most well-known work was perhaps leading the design of the Hubble Space Telescope—the first major telescope to be sent into space for the purpose of gathering photographs and data from the universe. She was, therefore, named as “Mother of Hubble”.
“She made it possible to get the early telescope up into space to learn what needed to be learned,” said science historian Bob Zimmerman, “and her hard-nosed nature helped get the telescope built.”
The telescope was not launched until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr. Roman retired, but when it did, its photographs of the universe thrilled the world. “I am glad, "she once said,” I ignored the people who told meth at I could not be an astronomer.”
20．What can we conclude from the teacher’s reaction in Paragraph 2
A．The teacher doubted it. B．The teacher accepted it at once.
C．The teacher didn’t care about it. D．The teacher was strongly against it.
21．What was the most famous achievement of Nancy Roman’s work
A．She was one of the founders of NASA．
B．She proved the black hole really existed.
C．She was the first female astronomer in the world.
D．She led the design of the Hubble Space Telescope.
22．When did Dr. Nancy Roman probably retire
A．In 1969. B．In 1979. C．In 1990. D．In 2000.
23．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Nancy Roman and NASA B．The Hubble Space Telescope
C．Nancy Roman—the “Mother of Hubble” D．Nothing Can Stop a Determined Heart
Six scientists received some good news: they were being treated to an eight-month, all free trip to Hawaii. There was just one little difficulty: they would be spending all eight months living under Mars-like conditions to simulate (模拟) a mission to the planet. They carried out their own research projects, as NASA researchers watched to see whether they would develop cabin fever (幽闭烦躁症), a feeling of upset and impatience when people have been inside for too long. The mission is in the hope of better understanding life on Mars.
For the mission, surfing, fresh air and sunshine were all off the menu. During the eight months, the scientists had to live together in just 1, 300 square feet of living space, built on the side of the Mauna Loa (a volcano). Whenever they wanted to take a short walk outside their “house”, they had to put on a 40-pound spacesuit. As if to make things even tougher, showers were limited to eight minutes each week.
Perhaps it should not be overly surprising that with the six having now completed their mission, they said re-entering the outside world was “a big joy”.
One possible reason why the six survived could be found in their blogs. The mission commander, Ms Lenio, said she learnt to play an instrument and improved her French. Another scientist, Sophie Milam, excitedly posted a model boat made out of sticks by herself.
But it wasn’t all fun. About halfway through the mission, bad weather left them unable to use their solar-powered batteries. They had to gather closely together for warmth and limit energy use to just the important systems. Ms Lenio said, “If we had really been on Mars, that would have been life or death.”
Luckily, it did seem that the scientists had succeeded in avoiding cabin fever—Ms Lenio referred to her partners as “lovely people”.
24．Why does the author mention a trip to Hawaii in Paragraph 1
A．To introduce the special mission. B．To describe the easy life of scientists.
C．To tell us Hawaii is popular among visitors. D．To show Hawaii is a perfect place to do research.
25．What can we learn from the scientists’ blogs
A．Life on “Mars” was always colorful. B．They did what they liked to kill time.
C．They were hopeless during the mission. D．They learned something from each other.
26．What do Ms Lenio’s words in Paragraph 5 mean
A．They wouldn’t meet the problem on Mars.
B．The result would have been more serious on Mars.
C．Ms Lenio felt lucky to survive the mission.
D．The mission was actually meaningless.
27．What may be the best title of the text
A．Scientists prove living on Mars is possible
B．Scientists learn a lot during their trip to Mars
C．Six scientists’ trip to Hawaii simulates a mission to Mars
D．Six scientists successfully complete their mission on Mars
In America, we often regard Sally Ride as the first female astronaut (宇航员). But the first woman in space is actually a Soviet astronaut who beat out 400 applicants to pilot the Vostok 6 spacecraft in 1963—twenty years before Ride took her historic spaceflight.
There was nothing in Valentina Tereshkova’s early life that showed she would become a space pioneer. Tereshkova finished school at age 16 and went to work to help support her family. She seemed to follow her mother’s footsteps as a textile factory worker, except one interest: skydiving. By the time she was 22, she was jumping out of a plane pretty regularly. And then came the space race.
By 1962, the competition to get into space had been starting between the Soviet Union and the United States for about seven years. The two countries, in an effort to do better than the other in exploring space, had each launched men into space.
During the space race, the Soviet Union and the U. S. constantly tried to be better. After putting a man in space, the obvious next step was to send a woman into space. The Soviet Union’s lead spacecraft designer, Sergey Korolyov, is said to have been helpful in the decision. There are rumors (传言) that the Soviet Union knew that the U. S. was planning to send a woman to space and wanted to beat the Americans.
Inspired by Gagarin’s flight, Tereshkova wrote to the Soviet authorities (当局) hoping for any future training program for female astronauts. The authorities answered and in early 1962 she became one of just five women accepted for astronaut training. On June 16, 1963, Tereshkova took off, eventually circling the Earth 48 times over the course of almost three days and securing her place in history as the first woman to leave the Earth’s atmosphere.
28．When did Sally Ride go into space
A．In 1963. B．In 1973. C．In 1983. D．In 1993.
29．Why did Tereshkova choose to be a textile factory worker
A．Because she thought highly of her mother.
B．Because she had to give a hand to her family.
C．Because she wanted to save money for the space race.
D．Because she was allowed to do skydiving.
30．What did Tereshkova do on knowing a woman to be sent to space
A．She suggested some training program for women.
B．She refused the Soviet authorities’ invitation.
C．She introduced herself to the training program.
D．She announced she would be the first woman in space.
二、完形填空
A Welcome Gift
Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, they 31 side by side at the piano and played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 32 filled the room and made them feel very happy.
The next morning, 33 , their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 34 under their door during the night. One of their neighbors had written to complain about the sound of the piano. Dario’s mother asked the building superintendent (管理人) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all 35 people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write letters to their 36 and apologize for their playing.
“Maybe we could go and visit everyone in person,” his mother said.
“What if we invite them to come here for a 37 instead ” Dario asked.
They both loved the 38 . Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts for their guests. They decorated the apartment with colorful ribbons (丝带) and pretty lights.
Finally, the day of the party arrived. Some guests brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to 39 . One woman, Mrs Gilbert, presented Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.
“The sounds got me out of bed. I 40 that you might play like that every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don’t think I disliked the playing”, she said.
Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs Gilbert. “I think maybe we 41 you an apology,” she said. “I didn’t 42 how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”
Mrs Gilbert pointed to the book she had given Dario’s mother and said, “These songs are not 43 music.”
“These songs are beautiful music,” Dario’s mother said. “We will be 44 to play them in the evening.” “And we won’t play so loud or late!” Dario said. He was 45 practicing the new music. More than that, he was happy to see the big smile on his mother’s face.
31．A．sat B．stood C．lay D．walked
32．A．voice B．ring C．music D．cry
33．A．therefore B．however C．otherwise D．besides
34．A．note B．poster C．bill D．report
35．A．proud B．rich C．lucky D．nice
36．A．neighbors B．friends C．relatives D．audiences
37．A．party B．concert C．show D．play
38．A．experience B．idea C．performance D．action
39．A．order B．sell C．share D．taste
40．A．promised B．admitted C．agreed D．worried
41．A．give B．send C．offer D．owe
42．A．realize B．remember C．understand D．accept
43．A．sweet B．strange C．funny D．loud
44．A．brave B．sorry C．happy D．afraid
45．A．dreaming of B．looking forward to C．devoting himself to D．contributing to
Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren’t talented or clever enough. However, Scott Kelly, a former commander of the International Space Station, 46 it’s wrong.
As a kid, he was 47 and uninterested in science and all other subjects as well. He couldn’t 48 what the teachers were saying, spending most of his time in school 49 . Therefore, he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school, and he even thought he would never find his 50 .
That all 51 when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe’s classic account of the pioneer Americans who first explored space. 52 at last, he was determined to be a(n) 53 which meant doing well in science classes. From then on he 54 to do well in it.
After so many years of daydreaming, it wouldn’t be easy. But he started thinking about it like a game. The more he 55 his study skills, the more he gained and the better he got. 56 , it became a(n) 57 with himself to see how good he could get. No one was more surprised than him when a former daydreamer started getting straight A’s in 58 , which is extremely necessary to be an astronaut.
So we need to stop 59 the statement that science is just too hard. If you have been told “you are not fit to learn science” or “your brain doesn’t think that way”, just 60 the comments! Everyone who wants to learn this object can do so — they just have to be willing to do the work.
46．A．believed B．guessed C．proved D．thought
47．A．absent-minded B．amazed C．devoted D．confused
48．A．work on B．set about C．think about D．focus on
49．A．investigating B．daydreaming C．watching D．learning
50．A．advantages B．achievements C．dreams D．opportunities
51．A．finished B．realized C．happened D．changed
52．A．Encouraged B．Disappointed C．Satisfied D．Shocked
53．A．writer B．astronaut C．scientist D．teacher
54．A．determined B．managed C．refused D．continued
55．A．planned B．practiced C．arranged D．applied
56．A．Particularly B．Surprisingly C．Fortunately D．Finally
57．A．exchange B．deal C．competition D．comparison
58．A．school B．science C．study D．class
59．A．commenting B．breaking C．confirming D．spreading
60．A．apply B．ignore C．return D．handle
A wise man was passing through a city. While he was walking, he 61 a coin on the road. He picked it up. Despite his simple life, he was satisfied and he had no use of that coin. So, he planned to donate it. 62 , throughout the day he didn’t find such a person. Finally, he reached the 63 area and spent a night there.
Next morning, he 64 and was told that a king was going for his invasion of another state with his army. When the king saw the wise man, he 65 his army to stop. He came to the wise man and said, ”I am going to beat another 66 . Thus, my state can be 67 . So bless me to be victorious. ”
After 68 , the wise man gave the coin to the king！The king was confused with this because he is already one of the richest kings! He 69 asked, “What’s the meaning？”
The wise man explained, ”I found this coin yesterday in your 70 . But I had no use. So I had 71 that I would donate it. I walked around till the evening, but found no one to donate it to.
Everyone was living a 72 life. It seemed that they were satisfied with what they had. But today, the king of this state, still has the desire to 73 more and is not satisfied with what he already has. I feel you are 74 this coin. ”
The king realized his 75 and gave up the planned war.
61．A．noticed B．lost C．spent D．dropped
62．A．Thus B．Besides C．However D．Therefore
63．A．dining B．waiting C．walking D．resting
64．A．woke up B．looked up C．stayed up D．dressed up
65．A．hoped B．allowed C．ordered D．advised
66．A．tribe B．state C．city D．king
67．A．expanded B．respected C．developed D．blamed
68．A．consulting B．thinking C．chatting D．bargaining
69．A．nervously B．curiously C．eagerly D．angrily
70．A．city B．palace C．house D．backyard
71．A．agreed B．announced C．informed D．decided
72．A．happy B．hard C．convenient D．different
73．A．defend B．gain C．earn D．borrow
74．A．in possession of B．in search of C．in need of D．in charge of
75．A．achievement B．dream C．existence D．mistake
Once upon a time there was great poverty (贫困) in a land. Three rich men were 76 together when they came to a very 77 village.
The first couldn’t stand seeing the poverty, 78 he took out all his gold and jewels and shared them among the villagers, wishing them all the best of luck, and he left.
The second rich man, seeing the 79 situation, stopped for a short time and gave 80 all his food and drink, since he could see that money would be of little 81 to them. He made sure that they each 82 their fair share and would have enough food to 83 for some time. Then, he left.
The third rich man, on seeing such poverty, 84 and went straight through the 85 without stopping. The two other rich men saw this from a distance and commented with each other 86 the third rich man lacked sympathy.
Three days later, they 87 the third rich man, who was coming in the opposite direction. He was 88 travelling quickly, but his wagons (马车), 89 the gold and valuables they had been 90 , were now full of farming tools and bags of seeds.
76．A．standing B．travelling C．gathering D．running
77．A．faraway B．poor C．different D．ancient
78．A．unless B．because C．so D．if
79．A．curious B．worrying C．dangerous D．puzzling
80．A．the villagers B．his servants C．the others D．the rest
81．A．interest B．concern C．use D．attraction
82．A．returned B．gained C．offered D．received
83．A．remain B．last C．supply D．share
84．A．turned back B．set out C．showed off D．speeded up
85．A．village B．land C．field D．road
86．A．whether B．how C．where D．when
87．A．welcomed B．met C．accepted D．persuaded
88．A．still B．already C．always D．indeed
89．A．except for B．instead of C．apart from D．along with
90．A．loading B．treasuring C．carrying D．earning
Retirement hasn’t slowed down 90-year-old great-grandmother Jeanie Shaffer. She has made more than 11, 000 tiny 91 for newborns in her golden years. Every hat is made with special care and she has 92 them all to the local hospital for the last 15 years.
Hospital staff put a hat on a baby soon after 93 to keep warm. A warm hat calms and 94 newborns as they adjust to life 95 the womb (子宫). That is why the hospital staff and new 96 are so appreciative of Jeanie’s handmade hats. Many families 97 the hats because they 98 emotional value to their baby’s first hat.
Jeanie and her husband have a 99 family, with seven children, 15 grandchildren and 28 great-grandchildren. Although she has plenty to keep her 100 , she still found time to start a fun hobby in her 70s after she 101 .
To honor Jeanie’s years of hard work and selfless volunteerism, the staff decided to 102 pictures of her creations to fill an album (相册). The hospital made a special 103 on social media to all the new moms to submit a picture of their newborn wearing the hat they had received, which was responded 104 . Thousands of grateful new moms soon shared 105 photos of their newborns wearing their special hats. The staff then selected part of the pictures for the album that they presented to Jeanie.
91．A．shoes B．socks C．gloves D．hats
92．A．sold B．lent C．donated D．posted
93．A．birth B．operation C．breakfast D．sleep
94．A．motivates B．comforts C．relieves D．annoys
95．A．outside B．upward C．inside D．downward
96．A．doctors B．moms C．nurses D．babies
97．A．protect B．abandon C．keep D．throw
98．A．seek B．announce C．carry D．attach
99．A．normal B．cute C．large D．rich
100．A．wealthy B．kind C．warm D．busy
101．A．retired B．married C．moved D．died
102．A．collect B．copy C．deliver D．took
103．A．suggestion B．survey C．request D．search
104．A．positively B．gradually C．ultimately D．apparently
105．A．reliable B．available C．respectable D．adorable
三、语法填空
课文语法填空
Humans once had a dream that one day they could leave Earth and explore space. After many experiments, the scientists succeeded 106 making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity and the impossible dream came true. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite 107 (launch) by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. On 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, 108 (say), “That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.”
Although scientists tried to make sure nothing went wrong, some accidents still happened, which made everyone sad and 109 (disappoint). However, the desire to explore the universe never died. 110 example of the ongoing exploration is the International Space Station.
China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, 111 it develops very fast. In 2003, China sent the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft into space 112 (independent). Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, 113 (follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. More recently, China has sent Change 4 114 (explore) the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further explore 115 (planet) like Mars and Jupiter. Though there exist many difficulties, scientists hope that future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.
语法填空
The first creature 116 (orbit) our planet was just 2 years old. Her name was Laika. She was a good dog. Her 1957 flight paved the way for space 117 (explore) when scientists wondered 118 it was lethal (致命的) for living things.
Humans are born explorers. Since the dawn of civilization, we 119 (attract) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what’s beyond those trees, mountains or oceans. Our ability to explore has reached new heights. Airplanes could shorten distances, simplify travel and show us Earth from 120 new aspect. By the middle of the last century, we aimed even 121 (high).
Our first steps into space began. Laika was followed into orbit four years later 122 the first human, Yuri Gagarin. Space travel is nothing like that in the movies. Getting from A to B requires complex calculations 123 (involve) inertia (惯性) and gravity. Space is also dangerous. More than 20 astronauts have died while doing 124 (they) jobs.
That hasn’t stopped people from signing up and blasting off (发射升空). NASA’s Apollo programme has ended but private companies are readying their own space programmes. A company 125 (name) Space X is hoping to land civilian astronauts on Mars. Maybe you’ll be a member of them. Don’t forget to bring your dog.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
To become 126 astronaut, you must go through a strict selection procedure. You need a lot of mental, intelligent and physical training. Besides, you should not only know about 127 universe, the solar system and our globe, but also understand rockets, satellites, spacecrafts, gravity and so on. 128 closing, astronauts must have a 129 (determine) will and a strong desire 130 success. After a spacecraft 131 (launch), make sure it goes in the right orbit. An astronaut on board has a lot of missions to carry out. He must be able to complete a spacewalk so as to transmit data 132 those relevant 133 (agency) on the earth.
阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mankind is exploring space in the hope of 134 (find) out more secrets of the universe. Some disasters brought much sadness 135 disappointment, but the desire 136 (explore) the universe did not die.
On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite 137 (launch) by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, Yuri Gagarin became the first person 138 enter into space in the world.On 20 July, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, 139 (famous) saying, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.”
In 2003, China successfully sent Yang Liwei into space and orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, 140 (become) the third country in the world to 141 (independent) send humans into space.
People will continue to explore this final frontier, and this is 142 they believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration 143 the huge risks.
Sitting inside the Shenzhou XVI spacecraft, Gui Haichao, the first Chinese civilian on a spaceflight, together with the other two astronauts, 144 (launch) by a 20-story-tall Long March 2F carrier rocket, 145 took off at 9:31 am on May 30, 2023 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
Born in 1986, Gui’s 146 (enthusiastic) for science has been developing since childhood. He had a set of encyclopedias (百科全书) from which he gained a lot of basic space knowledge. Years later, Gui Haichao attended Beihang University, 147 (major) in spacecraft design and engineering.
Gui then pursued postdoctoral research overseas and published about 20 SCI academic papers in top international journals. After returning to China, he received Beihang’s invitation to teach 148 an associate professor.
In the spring of 2018, Gui was told that China’s manned space authorities had made a decision 149 (select) the third group of astronauts, including the first spaceflight engineers and science payloads specialists. “I have been 150 fan of space exploration for many years and sometimes dreamed about doing my research in space. So excited was I on hearing this news 151 I signed up without much thought. Eventually I was 152 (successful) admitted following several demanding rounds of 153 (profession) tests,” he recalled.
四、短文填空
根据汉语提示完成语段
School bullying can threaten students’ physical and emotional safety at school and can influence 154 (他们的学习能力). There are a number of things you can do 155 (确保学校安全) and prevent bullying.
For younger kids, 156 (最好的解决办法) the bullying problem is to tell a trusted adult. For teens, the tell-an-adult way depends on the bullying situation. If someone is heard or seen being beaten, you should step in 157 (制止欺凌) right away. If you cannot stop it by yourself, then find someone who can 158 (让欺负者远离这个人) he or she is bullying. You might even need to call the police in some situations.
根据汉语提示完成短文
目前，地球上能供养人类的资源有限，一些资源甚至正在耗尽。例如，地球上的氧气越来越少了。因此，一些人认为人类应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空和宇宙的秘密。太空探索直接产生了许多卫星和其他高端产品。根据卫星返回地球的数据和天气模式，科学家可以通过分析做出准确的天气预报。探索太空是浪费时间和金钱的论点是很肤浅的。最后，应该继续进行太空探索。
Currently, there are 159 resources on the globe to 160 mankind, and some resources are even 161 . For example, there is less and less 162 on Earth. 163 , some people 164 that humans should spend more time and money exploring space and 165 of the universe. Space exploration has directly 166 many satellites and other 167 products. According to the data and weather 168 sent back to Earth by satellites, scientists can make an accurate weather forecast through 169 . The 170 that exploring space is a waste of time and money is very 171 . 172 , space exploration should be continued.
根据汉语提示补全短文
173 (和妈妈大吵之后), I stormed out of the house, slamming the door heavily. 174 (既失望又沮丧), I 175 (感觉好像漂浮在无限悲伤的海洋里). Later, I stood beside a stand and 176 (由于缺钱叹了口气). The seller noticed my dilemma, greeted me with a kind smile and 177 (示意我坐下). I was moved to tears. The seller smiled, “Girl, it is your mother 178 (为你提供生活所需) from when you were born!” I wiped my tears, leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind.
使用本单元所学的语法知识补全下面语段。
The scientists 179 (决定探索) the deep ocean in order to find out what exists at the floor of the sea.Their first step 180 (实施这项计划) is 181 (派一台深水机器) designed specially for the research. 182 (由科学家们远程控制的机器) at the surface of the sea is in a shape of an egg.They will watch the machine 183 (潜入大海深处). 184 (进行这样的研究) is a long project that scientists have prepared for several months.
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Unit 4 Space Exploration 语篇阅读（阅读 完形 语法 短文 ）英语人教版2019必修第三册 解析卷
一、阅读理解
PACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER
“Are we alone What’s out there ” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries. Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.
Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true. However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” Following this, there were many more important space achievements. For example, on 5 September 1977, America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space, and it still transmits data to this day. And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board.
Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. For example, all the astronauts on Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecrafts died during their missions. However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars. It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe.
The future of space exploration remains bright. Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
1．Scan the text and match the general idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 Para.2 Para.3 Para.4 Para.5 A．bright future of space exploration B．What has China achieved in space exploration C． people’s desire to explore pace D．Humans realized their dream at last. E. scientists’ determination to explore space despite the disasters
2．When did people make travelling into space possible
A．In the thirteenth century. B．In the eighteenth century.
C．In the mid-20th century. D．In the twenty-first century.
3．Who was the first person in the world to enter space
A．Yang Liwei. B．Neil Armstrong. C．Yuri Gagarin. D．Liu Yang.
4．How did the scientists react after the disasters happened
A．They felt disappointed and hopeless. B．They rose to the challenge bravely.
C．They gave up building the task. D．They decided to put off the exploration.
5．We can infer from the article that ________.
A．only USSR’s Soyuz 11 and America’s Challenger have had accidents
B．the exploration of space will not stop though it has great risks
C．the development of China’s space industry has surpassed the US
D．the exploration of space will certainly help human survive better
6．Fill in the blanks according to the text.
People have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, the help of scientists, people succeeded in realizing their dream (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (launch) by the USSR. scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone (disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7completed second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (discovery) will enable us to survive well into the future.
【答案】1． C D E B A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 6． travelling with to explore was launched Although/Though disappointed carrying independently a discoveries
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空探索的发展历程及未来展望。
1．①主旨大意题。根据第一段中““Are we alone What’s out there ” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. (“只有我们吗？外面有什么？”人们总是仰望星空，对太空充满好奇)”可知，第一段主旨为人类对太空充满好奇，总是想要探索太空。故选C项。
②主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. (之后，苏联专注于将人送入太空，1961年4月12日，Yuri Gagarin成为世界上第一个进入太空的人)”及“Following this, there were many more important space achievements. (在此之后，还有许多更重要的太空成就)”可知，第二段主旨为人们在过去几年里取得的成就，最终实现了进入太空的梦想。故选D项。
③主旨大意题。根据第三段中“However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (然而，尽管这些灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。这是因为人们相信尽管有巨大的风险，但进行太空探索的重要性)”可知，第三段主旨为人们不顾风险继续探索太空。故选E项。
④主旨大意题。根据第四段中“China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. (中国的太空计划起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内取得了巨大进展)”可知，主旨为中国取得的成就。故选B项。
⑤主旨大意题。根据第五段中“The future of space exploration remains bright.(太空探索的未来依然光明)”可知，主旨为太空探索的光明未来。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true. (在20世纪中期之前，大多数人认为进入太空只是无法实现的梦想)”及“On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. (1957年10月4日，苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星Sputnik 1并成功绕地球运行)”可知，人类在20世纪中期实现了进入太空的可能性。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. (1961年4月12日，Yuri Gagarin成为世界上第一个进入太空的人)”可知，Yuri Gagarin成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. (然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了极大的悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失)”可知，科学家们勇敢地面对挑战。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了极大的悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望并没有消失。这是因为人们相信，尽管存在巨大的风险，但继续进行太空探索是很重要的)”可知，尽管太空探索有很大的风险，但它不会停止。故选B项。
6．①考查动名词。句意：在20世纪中期之前，大多数人认为进入太空是一个不可能实现的梦想。根据空后into space was可知，空处需用动名词作主语，表示“进入太空”这一行为。故填travelling。
②考查介词。句意：然而，在科学家的帮助下，人们成功实现了探索太空的梦想。根据空后the help of可知，空处需用with，构成固定短语with the help of，意为“在……的帮助下”。故填with。
③考查不定式。句意：在20世纪中期之前，大多数人认为进入太空是一个不可能实现的梦想。根据空前realizing their dream可知，空处需用to explore，作后置定语，构成固定短语realize their dream to do sth.，表示“实现做某事的梦想”，强调梦想的具体内容，故填to explore。
④考查时态和语态。句意：1957年10月4日，苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星Sputnik 1。分析句子可知，空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语On 4 October 1957可知，应用一般过去时，主语the Sputnik 1 satellite和谓语动词launch之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是单数名词，be动词用was。故填was launched。
⑤考查状语从句。句意：尽管科学家们努力确保不会出错，但事故仍然可能发生。根据空后scientists try和accidents can still happen可知，空处引导让步状语从句，应用从属连词although/though，意为“尽管”。句首单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though。
⑥考查形容词。句意：这些灾难让每个人都感到失望，但人们仍然相信继续太空探索的重要性。根据空前made everyone可知，空处应用形容词disappointed，意为“感到失望的”，作宾语补足语，构成固定搭配make sb.+ 形容词，意为“使某人……”。故填disappointed。
⑦考查动名词。句意：这些灾难让每个人都感到失望，但人们仍然相信继续太空探索的重要性。根据空前the importance of可知，空处应用动名词carrying，作宾语，构成固定搭配the importance of doing sth.，意为“做某事的重要性”。故填carrying。
⑧考查副词。句意：2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。根据空后send humans into space可知，空处应用副词independently，意为“独立地”，修饰动词send。故填independently。
⑨考查冠词。句意：然后神舟六号和七号完成了再一次载人轨道飞行和中国的第一次太空行走。根据空后second manned orbit可知，序数词前面有修饰词a时，表示“又一/再一”，而不是特指某一个。因此，空处应用不定冠词a，表示“再一次载人轨道飞行”。故填a。
⑩考查名词复数。句意：尽管困难重重，科学家们仍希望未来的发现能使我们很好地生存下去。根据空前future和will可知，空处应用名词作主语，discovery是可数名词，应用复数形式，表示泛指。故填discoveries。
7．The City in Space — ISS
If you watch the sky about an hour after the sun goes down, you may see some “moving stars”. But they’re not real stars. They are man-made satellites. And the biggest of all is the International Space Station (ISS, 国际空间站).
From now until July is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earth, and people can see it just with their eyes. The ISS is the biggest man-made satellite because scientists want to live on it. They think that the best way to learn more about space is to live there.
When the space station is finished, it will be like a city in space. People will stay and study there with many of the things they have at home. Laboratories, living rooms and power stations are being built.
The ISS is the most ambitious and expensive space program ever. Billions of dollars are being spent on it every year. Scientists hope that the ISS will be a stepping-stone for future space exploration.
“The ISS will help us better understand the human body, explore space and study the earth. It can help us make life on the earth better,” said Kathryn Clark, an ISS scientist.
China is not an ISS country, but it has helped with some of the experiments. China sent some rice up to the ISS to find out what space would do to it.
What is the ISS
【答案】The ISS is the biggest man-made satellite until now.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是国际空间站（ISS）作为人类在太空中建立的最大人造卫星，它的观测最佳时期、构造特点及其在全球科研合作中的重要角色，包括中国在内的各国如何通过它探索宇宙和改善地球生活。
【详解】考查细节理解。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的“They are man-made satellites. And the biggest of all is the International Space Station (ISS, 国际空间站).(它们是人造卫星。其中最大的是国际空间站（ISS）。)”可知，国际空间站是目前最大的人造卫星，结合第二段中的“The ISS is the biggest man-made satellite because scientists want to live on it.(国际空间站是最大的人造卫星，因为科学家希望在上面生活。)”可知，ISS作为最大人造卫星的地位及其设计目的——为科学家提供一个在太空中居住和工作的平台，综合以上信息，国际空间站（ISS）是迄今为止最大的人造卫星。故答案为The ISS is the biggest man-made satellite until now.
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth s increasing population.
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.
Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products, such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world s problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet s resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets. In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people s short-term and long-term problems.
8．Scan the text and find out the main idea of the text.
The passage is mainly about .
Read the text and choose the best answer.
9．In order to provide for the increasingly growing population, ________.
A．scientists are trying hard to solve the problems of pollution
B．scientists are trying to explore other planets as our new home
C．scientists have developed space technology to make high-end products
D．are fighting against hunger all around the world
10．Which of the following aspects doesn’t the space exploration include
A．Farming. B．Technological improvements.
C．Finding other planets to live. D．Building a healthy body.
11．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage
A．To give tips on how to explore space.
B．To explain various ways of exploring space.
C．To call people’s attention to space exploration.
D．To warn people of stopping wasting time and money exploring space.
12．What’s the attitude of the author towards space exploration
A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Neutral. D．We don’t know.
13．Fill in the blanks according to the text.
People hold different views on whether much money and time should be spent (explore) space. In fact, exploring space has already made a great difference in our life. Now a number of satellites orbit Earth, many of which have transmitted important data to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide (use) recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts (grow) enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
Space exploration has a big impact on our life. High-end products are made to a higher standard because of (advance) technology which was first created to meet the (require) for space exploration. Today, space technologies are (wide) used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as memory foam pillows smartphone cameras, are changing our lives.
Sending astronauts into space (help) people to think about the world’s problems already. Seeing pictures of our planet as island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets could one day be our new home. All in all, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
【答案】8．exploring space brings many benefits to the world and should continue 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13． exploring useful to grow advanced requirements widely and has helped an that/which
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了太空探索的价值，反驳了认为其浪费资源的说法。文章指出，太空探索通过卫星技术促进农业，通过研发新材料和医疗设备推动技术进步，并通过太空视角增强人们对地球资源有限性的认识，激发对其他行星的探索兴趣。
8．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.(然而，其他人认为这是一种肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空对我们的帮助)”和最后一段中“In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people s short-term and long-term problems.(最后，探索太空为世界提供了许多不同的好处。因此，它应该继续下去，以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决方案)”可知，本文主要讲述探索太空给世界带来了许多好处，应该继续下去，故填exploring space brings many benefits to the world and should continue。
9．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.(为了养活如此迅速增长的人口，科学家们正在努力寻找其他行星，有朝一日可能成为我们的新家)”可知，为了供养日益增长的人口，科学家们正试图探索其他星球作为我们的新的家园，故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth s increasing population.(因此，基于太空的科学帮助农业努力种植足够的食物来养活地球上不断增长的人口)”、第三段中“Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.(其次，太空探索已经促进了技术进步，使我们所有人受益)”和最后一段中“In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.(为了养活如此迅速增长的人口，科学家们正在努力寻找其他行星，有朝一日可能成为我们的新家)”可知，太空探索涉及农业、技术进步和寻找新的家园，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people s short-term and long-term problems.(最后，探索太空为世界提供了许多不同的好处。因此，它应该继续下去，以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决方案)”可知，文章探讨了太空探索的价值，目的是唤起人们对太空探索的关注，故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people s short-term and long-term problems.(最后，探索太空为世界提供了许多不同的好处。因此，它应该继续下去，以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决方案)”可知，作者认为太空探索带来了很多好处，应该继续下去，推知作者对太空探索的态度是积极的，故选A。
13．①考查非谓语动词。句意：人们对是否应该花费大量的金钱和时间来探索太空持不同的看法。spend….doing sth“花费……做某事”，此处是其被动结构，设空处填动名词，故填exploring。
②考查形容词。句意：经过仔细分析，科学家可以为农民提供有用的建议和建议。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰并列的名词recommendations and advice，故填useful。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，基于太空的科学帮助农业努力种植足够的食物来养活地球上不断增长的人口。effort后接动词不定式作定语，故填to grow。
④考查形容词。句意：高端产品的标准更高，因为先进的技术最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而创造的。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词technology，故填advanced。
⑤考查名词。句意：同上。空处应填名词作宾语，requirement是可数名词，“太空探索的要求”应不止一个，故此处使用复数形式，故填requirements。
⑥考查副词。句意：如今，空间技术被广泛应用于各行各业，记忆泡沫枕头、智能手机相机等日常用品正在改变我们的生活。空处修饰动词used，应用副词形式，故填widely。
⑦考查连词。句意：同上。foam pillows和smartphone cameras之间是并列关系，使用and连接，故填and。
⑧考查时态和主谓一致。句意：将宇航员送入太空已经帮助人们思考了世界上的问题。结合状语“already”可知此句表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，英语现在完成时，主语是动名词短语，助动词使用has，故填has helped。
⑨考查冠词。句意：看到地球像黑海中的一个岛屿的照片，人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。island是可数名词，此处泛指“一个岛屿”，应用不定冠词，且island是以元音音素开头，故填an。
⑩考查定语从句。句意：为了养活如此迅速增长的人口，科学家们正在努力寻找其他行星，有朝一日可能成为我们的新家。空处引导定语从句，先行词是planets，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that/which引导，故填that/which。
[课本原文]
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as GPS, memory foam pillows, and smartphone cameras are changing our lives.
Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets.
In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
14．Read the argumentative essay about space exploration and answer the questions.
(1) Why are some people against space exploration
(2) What has space exploration done for food production
(3) What did the pictures of Earth from space make people realise
(4) How does space exploration benefit the products that people use nowadays
15．Study the organisation and language features.
(1) Read the first paragraph and underline the different opinions about space exploration.
(2) Find the three topic sentences that summarise the writer’s arguments about space exploration.
(3) Underline the sentence that repeats the writer’s opinion in the last paragraph.
【答案】14． Because they think it is a waste of time and money, and that we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases, instead. Satellites study land and weather patterns. These studies help farmers grow more crops and warn them about natural disasters before they occur. They made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. Advanced technology developed for space exploration has promoted technological improvements that benefit us all by allowing products to be made to a higher standard. 15． Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了太空探索的价值，反驳了认为其浪费资源的说法。文章指出，太空探索通过卫星技术促进农业，通过研发新材料和医疗设备推动技术进步，并通过太空视角增强人们对地球资源有限性的认识，激发对其他行星的探索兴趣。
14．①细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. (有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱探索太空。相反，我们应该养活世界上的穷人，并立即找到解决其他问题的办法，比如污染和致命疾病。)”可知，有些人反对太空探索，因为他们认为这是浪费时间和金钱，我们应该养活世界上的穷人，并立即找到其他问题的解决办法，如污染和致命疾病。故答案为：Because they think it is a waste of time and money, and that we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases, instead.
②细节理解题。根据第二段中“A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. (许多卫星记录陆地和天气模式的数据。然后这些数据被传送给地球上的科学家。经过仔细分析，科学家可以为农民提供有用的建议和建议。因此，基于太空的科学帮助农业努力种植足够的食物来养活地球上不断增长的人口。)”可知，卫星研究陆地和天气模式，这些研究帮助农民种植更多的作物，并在自然灾害发生前警告他们。故答案为：Satellites study land and weather patterns. These studies help farmers grow more crops and warn them about natural disasters before they occur.
③细节理解题。根据第四段中“Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. (看到地球像黑海中的一个岛屿的照片，人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。)”可知，从太空拍摄的地球照片使人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。故答案为：They made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
④细节理解题。根据第三段中“Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. (其次，太空探索已经促进了技术进步，使我们所有人受益。由于先进的技术最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而创造的，现在世界各地的高端产品都达到了更高的标准。)”可知，为太空探索开发的先进技术促进了技术改进，使产品达到更高的标准，使我们所有人都受益。故答案为：Advanced technology developed for space exploration has promoted technological improvements that benefit us all by allowing products to be made to a higher standard.
15．①细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. (有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱探索太空。)”和“However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us. (然而，其他人认为这是一种肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空对我们的帮助。)”可知，这两句呈现了关于太空探索的这两种截然不同的观点。故答案为：Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
②细节理解题。根据第二段中“Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. (首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。)”、第三段中“Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. (其次，太空探索已经促进了技术进步，使我们所有人受益。)”和第四段中“Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. (最后，将宇航员送入太空有助于人们思考世界上的问题，甚至找到解决问题的方法。)”可知，这三个段首句为主题句，概括了作者关于太空探索的观点。故答案为：Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.
③细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. (总之，探索太空给世界带来了许多不同的好处。)”可知，这一段首句重复了作者的观点。故答案为：In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
In the past few decades, great progress has been made in the field of space exploration, which has enabled mankind to have a deeper understanding of the solar system, our place in it and in the universe. “We sent probes to every planet in the solar system. This is by far the best one,” said Clayton, vice president of Blue Origin.” Let’s focus right now on protecting the Earth environment, and then we’ll go from there.”
Clayton also mentioned that space science and technology should be people-centric and application-centric, and focus on improving human life. We need to have a strong footing on the Earth, learn to solve the day-to-day problems of the society.
“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations. Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture,” said Victoria, CEO of a company working on sustainable development. “Through Global Navigation Satellite System, animals’ movement information recorded on self-recharging devices can be transmitted to the company’s server. Farmers can be warned in real time if anomalies (异常现象) are noticed. We can also use it to ensure the traceability of the entire meat supply chain.”
As early as 2007, Michael Griffin, former Administrator of NASA, put forward the idea of the “space economy” in a speech. He was very optimistic about the market of commercial space and said, “According to the latest data, the global space industry could reach $1 trillion in 2040, up from $378 billion currently.”
As an entrepreneur (创业者) herself, Victoria thinks the thriving space market will bring countless opportunities for entrepreneurs. She mentioned future settlements on Mars or on the Moon, “If we are going to develop a new society outside the Earth, we will need all types of applications and all types of start-ups.”
16．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．A successful space exploration. B．A probe sent to some other planet.
C．The planet people are living on now. D．The solar system people are exploring.
17．In Clayton’s opinion, what should be the first concern about space technology
A．Providing more financial support. B．Improving people’s life on earth.
C．Sending more probes into space. D．The development of related technology.
18．How does Victoria support her statement about satellite monitoring in Paragraph 3
A．By making reasoning. B．By making comparison.
C．By providing accurate figures. D．By illustrating it from different aspects.
19．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Necessities of space exploration. B．Breakthroughs in space exploration.
C．Possible application of space technology. D．Serious issues about space technology.
【答案】16．C 17．B 18．D 19．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了空间技术的可能应用。
16．词句猜测题。根据第一段中““We sent probes to every planet in the solar system. This is by far the best one,” said Clayton, vice president of Blue Origin.” Let’s focus right now on protecting the Earth environment, and then we’ll go from there.” (“我们向太阳系中的每颗行星发送了探测器。这是迄今为止最好的一个，”Blue Origin副总裁Clayton说。“让我们现在专注于保护地球环境，然后我们将从那里开始。”)”可知，句中This指代我们现在居住的星球——地球，即人类现在所生存的地球。故选C项。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Clayton also mentioned that space science and technology should be people-centric and application-centric, and focus on improving human life. We need to have a strong footing on the Earth, learn to solve the day-to-day problems of the society. (Clayton还提到，空间科学技术应该以人为中心，以应用为中心，以改善人类生活为重点。我们需要在地球上站稳脚跟，学会解决社会的日常问题。)”可知，在Clayton看来，太空技术的首要关注点是改善地球上人们的生活。故选B项。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段““Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations. Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture,” said Victoria, CEO of a company working on sustainable development. “Through Global Navigation Satellite System, animals’ movement information recorded on self-recharging devices can be transmitted to the company’s server. Farmers can be warned in real time if anomalies are noticed. We can also use it to ensure the traceability of the entire meat supply chain.” (“空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17项可持续发展目标。卫星监测确实可以帮助农业，”一家致力于可持续发展的公司的首席执行官维多利亚说。“通过全球导航卫星系统，在自充电设备上记录的动物运动信息可以传输到公司的服务器。如果发现异常，可以实时警告农民。我们还可以使用它来确保整个肉类供应链的可追溯性。”)”可推断，Victoria从几个不同方面说明了卫星监测系统的作用。故选D项。
19．主旨大意题。根据全文及第二段中“Clayton also mentioned that space science and technology should be people-centric and application-centric, and focus on improving human life. (Clayton还提到，空间科学技术应该以人为中心，以应用为中心，以改善人类生活为重点。)”以及文章主要介绍了人类在空间技术上所取得的成就和未来可能实现的应用，可知，这篇文章主要介绍空间技术的可能应用。故选C项。
Dr. Nancy Roman, born in 1925, who was known as a pioneer for female scientists and had advanced the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope (望远镜), died in December 2018.
When Nancy Roman asked for permission to take an algebra (代数) course in high school, a teacher demanded to know “what girl would take mathematics instead of Latin”. In college, a professor admitted that he often tried to prevent women from majoring in physics but Roman stuck to it. Roman received a doctor’s degree in astronomy from the University of Chicago in 1949. And in 1959, Dr. Roman became the first Chief of Astronomy (天文学) at NASA Headquarters, a role that made her one of the agency’s first female leaders.
During her career, Dr. Roman spent much of her time helping develop, fund and promote technology that would help scientists see more clearly beyond Earth’s atmosphere. But her most well-known work was perhaps leading the design of the Hubble Space Telescope—the first major telescope to be sent into space for the purpose of gathering photographs and data from the universe. She was, therefore, named as “Mother of Hubble”.
“She made it possible to get the early telescope up into space to learn what needed to be learned,” said science historian Bob Zimmerman, “and her hard-nosed nature helped get the telescope built.”
The telescope was not launched until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr. Roman retired, but when it did, its photographs of the universe thrilled the world. “I am glad, "she once said,” I ignored the people who told meth at I could not be an astronomer.”
20．What can we conclude from the teacher’s reaction in Paragraph 2
A．The teacher doubted it. B．The teacher accepted it at once.
C．The teacher didn’t care about it. D．The teacher was strongly against it.
21．What was the most famous achievement of Nancy Roman’s work
A．She was one of the founders of NASA．
B．She proved the black hole really existed.
C．She was the first female astronomer in the world.
D．She led the design of the Hubble Space Telescope.
22．When did Dr. Nancy Roman probably retire
A．In 1969. B．In 1979. C．In 1990. D．In 2000.
23．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Nancy Roman and NASA B．The Hubble Space Telescope
C．Nancy Roman—the “Mother of Hubble” D．Nothing Can Stop a Determined Heart
【答案】20．A 21．D 22．B 23．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了被称为“哈勃之母”的女科学家Nancy Roman的生平事迹。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段中“When Nancy Roman asked for permission to take an algebra (代数) course in high school, a teacher demanded to know ‘what girl would take mathematics instead of Latin’. (当Nancy Roman要求允许在高中学习代数课程时，一位老师要求知道‘哪个女孩会选数学而不是拉丁语’。)”可知，老师对Nancy申请学习代数课程表示怀疑。故选A项。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But her most well-known work was perhaps leading the design of the Hubble Space Telescope—the first major telescope to be sent into space for the purpose of gathering photographs and data from the universe. She was, therefore, named as “Mother of Hubble”. (但她最著名的工作可能是领导了哈勃太空望远镜的设计，这是第一台被送入太空的大型望远镜，目的是从宇宙中收集照片和数据。因此，她被称为“哈勃之母”。)”可知，Nancy Roman最著名的成就是领导设计了哈勃太空望远镜。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The telescope was not launched until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr. Roman retired, but when it did, its photographs of the universe thrilled the world. (这台望远镜直到1990年才发射升空，也就是Roman博士退休十多年后，但当它发射升空时，它的宇宙照片震惊了世界。)”可知，哈勃望远镜直到1990年才发射，比Roman博士退休晚了十多年，因此她大约在1979年退休。故选B项。
23．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Dr. Nancy Roman, born in 1925, who was known as a pioneer for female scientists and had advanced the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope (望远镜), died in December 2018. (Nancy Roman博士出生于1925年，被称为女科学家的先驱，并推动了哈勃太空望远镜的发射，于2018年12月去世。)”以及第三段中“She was, therefore, named as “Mother of Hubble”. (因此，她被称为“哈勃之母”。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一位杰出的女性科学家Nancy Roman，她对哈勃太空望远镜的研发利用功不可没，被称为“哈勃之母”，C项Nancy Roman—the “Mother of Hubble” (Nancy Roman——“哈勃之母”)最能概括全文，故选C项。
Six scientists received some good news: they were being treated to an eight-month, all free trip to Hawaii. There was just one little difficulty: they would be spending all eight months living under Mars-like conditions to simulate (模拟) a mission to the planet. They carried out their own research projects, as NASA researchers watched to see whether they would develop cabin fever (幽闭烦躁症), a feeling of upset and impatience when people have been inside for too long. The mission is in the hope of better understanding life on Mars.
For the mission, surfing, fresh air and sunshine were all off the menu. During the eight months, the scientists had to live together in just 1, 300 square feet of living space, built on the side of the Mauna Loa (a volcano). Whenever they wanted to take a short walk outside their “house”, they had to put on a 40-pound spacesuit. As if to make things even tougher, showers were limited to eight minutes each week.
Perhaps it should not be overly surprising that with the six having now completed their mission, they said re-entering the outside world was “a big joy”.
One possible reason why the six survived could be found in their blogs. The mission commander, Ms Lenio, said she learnt to play an instrument and improved her French. Another scientist, Sophie Milam, excitedly posted a model boat made out of sticks by herself.
But it wasn’t all fun. About halfway through the mission, bad weather left them unable to use their solar-powered batteries. They had to gather closely together for warmth and limit energy use to just the important systems. Ms Lenio said, “If we had really been on Mars, that would have been life or death.”
Luckily, it did seem that the scientists had succeeded in avoiding cabin fever—Ms Lenio referred to her partners as “lovely people”.
24．Why does the author mention a trip to Hawaii in Paragraph 1
A．To introduce the special mission. B．To describe the easy life of scientists.
C．To tell us Hawaii is popular among visitors. D．To show Hawaii is a perfect place to do research.
25．What can we learn from the scientists’ blogs
A．Life on “Mars” was always colorful. B．They did what they liked to kill time.
C．They were hopeless during the mission. D．They learned something from each other.
26．What do Ms Lenio’s words in Paragraph 5 mean
A．They wouldn’t meet the problem on Mars.
B．The result would have been more serious on Mars.
C．Ms Lenio felt lucky to survive the mission.
D．The mission was actually meaningless.
27．What may be the best title of the text
A．Scientists prove living on Mars is possible
B．Scientists learn a lot during their trip to Mars
C．Six scientists’ trip to Hawaii simulates a mission to Mars
D．Six scientists successfully complete their mission on Mars
【答案】24．A 25．B 26．B 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是六名科学家在夏威夷冒纳罗亚火山边一个与世隔绝、靠太阳能电池供电的“船舱”里生活了八个月，完成了夏威夷太空探索仿真模拟实验。
24．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Six scientists received some good news: they were being treated to an eight-month, all free trip to Hawaii. There was just one little difficulty: they would be spending all eight months living under Mars-like conditions to simulate (模拟) a mission to the planet.(六名科学家得到了一些好消息：他们将获得为期八个月的免费夏威夷之旅。只有一个小困难：他们将在类似火星的条件下生活8个月，以模拟前往火星的任务。)”可知，作者以六名科学家去夏威夷度过为期八个月的“假期”为话题，引出了此次在夏威夷冒纳罗亚火山边进行的模拟火星生活的实验。故选A项。
25．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“One possible reason why the six survived could be found in their blogs.(这六人幸存下来的一个可能原因可以从他们的博客中找到。)”以及下文举例的两位科学家所做的事情可知，通过科学家的博客中可以了解到科学家们通过做自己爱好的事来打发时间，度过了为期八个月的“与世隔绝”的生活。故选B项。
26．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“About halfway through the mission, bad weather left them unable to use their solar-powered batteries. They had to gather closely together for warmth and limit energy use to just the important systems. Ms Lenio said, ‘If we had really been on Mars, that would have been life or death.’(大约在任务进行到一半时，恶劣的天气使他们无法使用太阳能电池。它们必须紧密地聚集在一起取暖，并将能源的使用限制在重要的系统上。莱尼奥女士说：“如果我们真的在火星上，那将是生死攸关的时刻。”)”可知，科学家们在此次实验中遭遇了恶劣天气导致的太阳能电池电量不足且生活面临困难的事，由此可知，Ms Lenio所说的“如果我们真的在火星上，那将是生死攸关的时刻。”表明了在真实的火星环境中结果可能会更严重。故选B项。
27．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Six scientists received some good news: they were being treated to an eight-month, all free trip to Hawaii. There was just one little difficulty: they would be spending all eight months living under Mars-like conditions to simulate (模拟) a mission to the planet.(六名科学家得到了一些好消息：他们将获得为期八个月的免费夏威夷之旅。只有一个小困难：他们将在类似火星的条件下生活8个月，以模拟前往火星的任务。)”以及下文中介绍的这六位科学家在模拟火星任务重的情况介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是六位科学家在夏威夷进行的特殊任务——模拟火星生活，由此可知，C项“六名科学家的夏威夷之旅模拟了一次火星任务”与本文内容吻合，概括了本文的主题，所以是最合适的文章标题。故选C项。
In America, we often regard Sally Ride as the first female astronaut (宇航员). But the first woman in space is actually a Soviet astronaut who beat out 400 applicants to pilot the Vostok 6 spacecraft in 1963—twenty years before Ride took her historic spaceflight.
There was nothing in Valentina Tereshkova’s early life that showed she would become a space pioneer. Tereshkova finished school at age 16 and went to work to help support her family. She seemed to follow her mother’s footsteps as a textile factory worker, except one interest: skydiving. By the time she was 22, she was jumping out of a plane pretty regularly. And then came the space race.
By 1962, the competition to get into space had been starting between the Soviet Union and the United States for about seven years. The two countries, in an effort to do better than the other in exploring space, had each launched men into space.
During the space race, the Soviet Union and the U. S. constantly tried to be better. After putting a man in space, the obvious next step was to send a woman into space. The Soviet Union’s lead spacecraft designer, Sergey Korolyov, is said to have been helpful in the decision. There are rumors (传言) that the Soviet Union knew that the U. S. was planning to send a woman to space and wanted to beat the Americans.
Inspired by Gagarin’s flight, Tereshkova wrote to the Soviet authorities (当局) hoping for any future training program for female astronauts. The authorities answered and in early 1962 she became one of just five women accepted for astronaut training. On June 16, 1963, Tereshkova took off, eventually circling the Earth 48 times over the course of almost three days and securing her place in history as the first woman to leave the Earth’s atmosphere.
28．When did Sally Ride go into space
A．In 1963. B．In 1973. C．In 1983. D．In 1993.
29．Why did Tereshkova choose to be a textile factory worker
A．Because she thought highly of her mother.
B．Because she had to give a hand to her family.
C．Because she wanted to save money for the space race.
D．Because she was allowed to do skydiving.
30．What did Tereshkova do on knowing a woman to be sent to space
A．She suggested some training program for women.
B．She refused the Soviet authorities’ invitation.
C．She introduced herself to the training program.
D．She announced she would be the first woman in space.
【答案】28．C 29．B 30．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了世界上第一位女航天员——苏联的Valentina Tereshkova。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“But the first woman in space is actually a Soviet astronaut who beat out 400 applicants to pilot the Vostok 6 spacecraft in 1963—twenty years before Ride took her historic spaceflight.(但第一位进入太空的女性实际上是一名苏联宇航员，她在1963年击败了400名申请者，成为东方6号宇宙飞船的驾驶员，比莱德进行历史性太空飞行早了20年)”可知，Valentina Tereshkova在1963年进入太空，20年后，美国女宇航员Sally Ride成功进入太空，即在1983年进入太空。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tereshkova finished school at age 16 and went to work to help support her family.(捷列什科娃在16岁时完成学业，并开始工作以帮助养家)”可知，她做纺织女工是为了帮助养家。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Inspired by Gagarin’s flight, Tereshkova wrote to the Soviet authorities (当局) hoping for any future training program for female astronauts.(受到加加林飞行的启发，捷列什科娃写信给苏联当局，希望未来能有女性宇航员的培训项目)”可知，Tereshkova受Gagarin的鼓舞，给苏联当局写信希望参加未来女宇航员的训练。故选C。
二、完形填空
A Welcome Gift
Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, they 31 side by side at the piano and played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 32 filled the room and made them feel very happy.
The next morning, 33 , their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 34 under their door during the night. One of their neighbors had written to complain about the sound of the piano. Dario’s mother asked the building superintendent (管理人) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all 35 people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write letters to their 36 and apologize for their playing.
“Maybe we could go and visit everyone in person,” his mother said.
“What if we invite them to come here for a 37 instead ” Dario asked.
They both loved the 38 . Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts for their guests. They decorated the apartment with colorful ribbons (丝带) and pretty lights.
Finally, the day of the party arrived. Some guests brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to 39 . One woman, Mrs Gilbert, presented Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.
“The sounds got me out of bed. I 40 that you might play like that every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don’t think I disliked the playing”, she said.
Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs Gilbert. “I think maybe we 41 you an apology,” she said. “I didn’t 42 how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”
Mrs Gilbert pointed to the book she had given Dario’s mother and said, “These songs are not 43 music.”
“These songs are beautiful music,” Dario’s mother said. “We will be 44 to play them in the evening.” “And we won’t play so loud or late!” Dario said. He was 45 practicing the new music. More than that, he was happy to see the big smile on his mother’s face.
31．A．sat B．stood C．lay D．walked
32．A．voice B．ring C．music D．cry
33．A．therefore B．however C．otherwise D．besides
34．A．note B．poster C．bill D．report
35．A．proud B．rich C．lucky D．nice
36．A．neighbors B．friends C．relatives D．audiences
37．A．party B．concert C．show D．play
38．A．experience B．idea C．performance D．action
39．A．order B．sell C．share D．taste
40．A．promised B．admitted C．agreed D．worried
41．A．give B．send C．offer D．owe
42．A．realize B．remember C．understand D．accept
43．A．sweet B．strange C．funny D．loud
44．A．brave B．sorry C．happy D．afraid
45．A．dreaming of B．looking forward to C．devoting himself to D．contributing to
【答案】
31．A 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．D 36．A 37．A 38．B 39．C 40．D 41．D 42．A 43．D 44．C 45．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一对母子搬入新家非常高兴，在深夜弹钢琴庆祝，却打扰了邻居，母子为邻居们办了一场派对来缓解和邻里关系，并得到邻居们的谅解。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，他们并排坐在钢琴前，演奏爵士乐，庆祝他们的新家。A. sat坐下；B. stood站着；C. lay躺着；D. walked散步。根据下文“side by side at the piano”可知，他们是坐在钢琴前，故选A项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：嘈杂的音乐充满了房间，让他们感到非常高兴。A. voice声音；B. ring铃声；C. music音乐；D. cry哭泣。根据上文“played jazz music to celebrate their new home”可知，音乐充满了整个房间。故选C项。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，第二天早上，他们的快乐就消失了。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. otherwise否则；D. besides除了。根据上文“made them feel very happy”及下文“their happiness disappeared”可知，前后为转折关系，表示然而第二天幸福消失了。故选B项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人在夜里在他们的门下留下了一张纸条。A. note字条；B. poster海报；C. bill账单；D. report报告。根据下文“So I wrote a short note.”可知，是由Mrs Gilbert留下的字条，故选A项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他说他们都是好人，他无法想象他们中的任何一个人会这样做。A. proud自豪的；B. rich富有的；C. lucky幸运的；D. nice友好的；美好的。根据下文“he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that.”可知，管理员认为邻居们都是好人。故选D项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天早上晚些时候，Dario建议他们给邻居写信，为他们的演奏道歉。A. neighbors邻居；B. friends朋友；C. relatives亲戚；D. audiences观众。根据“they write letters to their 　　6　　 and apologize for their playing.”可知，他们要写信向邻居道歉，故选A项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如果我们邀请他们来这里参加聚会呢？”Dario问道。A. party派对；B. concert音乐会；C. show演出；D. play戏剧。根据下文“the day of the party arrived.”可知，此处是指Dario建议办一个聚会邀请邻居们参加。故选A项。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们俩都喜欢这个主意。A. experience经验；B. idea想法；C. performance表演；D. action行为。根据下文“they sent out invitations and prepared desserts for their guests.”可知，他们都觉得邀请邻居们参加聚会这个想法不错，故选B项。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人甚至带来了甜点来分享。A. order命令，点菜；B. sell卖；C. share分享；D. taste品尝。根据“Some guests brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to 　　9　　”可知，一些邻居人带了花，有些人带来甜点分享，故选C项。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我担心你每天晚上都会这样玩。A. promised答应；B. admitted承认；C. agreed同意；D. worried担心。根据上文“The sounds got me out of bed.”及下文“So I wrote a short note”可知，Mrs. Gilbert之所以留纸条是因为当时很担心每天晚上都会这么吵。故选D项。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想也许我们欠你一个道歉，”她说。A. give给；B. send送；C. offer提供；D. owe欠。根据上文“Dario suggested that they write letters to their 　　6　　 and apologize for their playing.”可知，母子俩本来是要写信向邻居道歉的，但是后来举办了聚会，此处是指Dario的母亲觉得他们欠邻居一个道歉，owe sb an apology为固定短语，意为“应该向某人道歉”，故选D项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们弹琴时，我没有意识到已经很晚了。 A. realize意识到；B. remember记起；C. understand理解；D. accept接受。根据“I didn’t 　　12　　 how late it was when we were playing.”可知，Dario的妈妈没有意识到当时那么晚了。故选A项。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mrs Gilbert指着她送给Dario母亲的书说：“这些歌不是嘈杂的音乐。”A. sweet甜蜜的；B. strange奇怪的；C. funny有趣的；D. loud吵闹的。根据下文““And we won’t play so loud or late!” Dario said.”可知，Mrs Gilbert送的音乐书里的音乐不是那么吵的。故选D项。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们很乐意在晚上弹奏他们。”A. brave勇敢的；B. sorry抱歉的；C. happy高兴的；D. afraid害怕的。根据上文““These songs are beautiful music,” Dario’s mother said.”可知，Dario母亲觉得曲子很好，很高兴在晚上弹奏这些音乐。故选C项。
45．考查动词短语词义辨析句。句意：他很期待练习新的音乐。A. dreaming of梦想；B. looking forward to期待；C. devoting himself to全身心投入；D. contributing to贡献。根据上文““We will be 　　14　　 to play them in the evening.””可知，还没开始弹奏送的曲子，所以Dario很期待练习新的曲子，故选B项。
Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren’t talented or clever enough. However, Scott Kelly, a former commander of the International Space Station, 46 it’s wrong.
As a kid, he was 47 and uninterested in science and all other subjects as well. He couldn’t 48 what the teachers were saying, spending most of his time in school 49 . Therefore, he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school, and he even thought he would never find his 50 .
That all 51 when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe’s classic account of the pioneer Americans who first explored space. 52 at last, he was determined to be a(n) 53 which meant doing well in science classes. From then on he 54 to do well in it.
After so many years of daydreaming, it wouldn’t be easy. But he started thinking about it like a game. The more he 55 his study skills, the more he gained and the better he got. 56 , it became a(n) 57 with himself to see how good he could get. No one was more surprised than him when a former daydreamer started getting straight A’s in 58 , which is extremely necessary to be an astronaut.
So we need to stop 59 the statement that science is just too hard. If you have been told “you are not fit to learn science” or “your brain doesn’t think that way”, just 60 the comments! Everyone who wants to learn this object can do so — they just have to be willing to do the work.
46．A．believed B．guessed C．proved D．thought
47．A．absent-minded B．amazed C．devoted D．confused
48．A．work on B．set about C．think about D．focus on
49．A．investigating B．daydreaming C．watching D．learning
50．A．advantages B．achievements C．dreams D．opportunities
51．A．finished B．realized C．happened D．changed
52．A．Encouraged B．Disappointed C．Satisfied D．Shocked
53．A．writer B．astronaut C．scientist D．teacher
54．A．determined B．managed C．refused D．continued
55．A．planned B．practiced C．arranged D．applied
56．A．Particularly B．Surprisingly C．Fortunately D．Finally
57．A．exchange B．deal C．competition D．comparison
58．A．school B．science C．study D．class
59．A．commenting B．breaking C．confirming D．spreading
60．A．apply B．ignore C．return D．handle
【答案】
46．C 47．A 48．D 49．B 50．C 51．D 52．A 53．B 54．A 55．B 56．D 57．C 58．B 59．D 60．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍斯科特·凯利如何从一个对学习不感兴趣的学生成长为一名优秀的宇航员的故事。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，国际空间站前指挥官斯科特·凯利证明这是错误的。A. believed相信；B. guessed猜测；C. proved证明；D. thought想，认为。根据下文“Everyone who wants to learn this object can do so — they just have to be willing to do the work.”可知，Scott Kelly用自己的经历证明“科学职业对于没有天赋或不够聪明的学生来说过于复杂”的观点是错误的。故选C。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小时候，他对科学和其他所有科目都不感兴趣，并且心不在焉。A. absent-minded心不在焉的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. devoted专注的，投入的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文“and uninterested in science and all other subjects as well”以及“Therefore, he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school”可知，Scott Kelly对科学和其他科目不感兴趣，而且成绩非常糟糕，说明他上课的时候总是心不在焉。故选A。
48．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他无法集中精力听老师在说什么，他在学校大部分时间都在做白日梦。A. work on从事于；B. set about开始做；C. think about考虑；D. focus on集中注意力于。根据上文“As a kid, he was _____2_____ and uninterested in science and all other subjects as well.”可知，Scott Kelly上课的时候总是心不在焉，所以他无法集中注意力去听老师讲课的内容。故选D。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他无法集中精力听老师在说什么，他在学校大部分时间都在做白日梦。A. investigating调查；B. daydreaming做白日梦；C. watching观看；D. learning学习。根据下文“After so many years of daydreaming, it wouldn’t be easy.”可知，Scott Kelly上课的时候一直在做白日梦。故选B。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他的成绩很差，勉强从高中毕业，他甚至认为自己永远不会找到自己的梦想。A. advantages优点；B. achievements成就；C. dreams梦想；D. opportunities机会。根据上文“he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school”可知，Scott Kelly的学习成绩很差，因此他对自己失去了信心，认为自己无法找到自己的梦想。故选C。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他拿起并阅读了汤姆·沃尔夫的《太空先锋》时，这一切都发生了改变。A. finished完成；B. realized意识到；C. happened发生；D. changed改变，变化。根据下文“at last, he was determined to be a(n) _____8_____ which meant doing well in science classes. From then on he _____9_____ to do well in it.”可知，Scott Kelly受到了《太空先锋》这本书的鼓舞，决定成为一名宇航员，因此他的想法和态度都发生了改变。故选D。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，他受到鼓舞，决心成为一名宇航员，这意味着他要在科学课上表现出色。A. Encouraged受鼓舞的；B. Disappointed失望的；C. Satisfied满意的；D. Shocked震惊的。根据下文“he was determined to be a(n) _____8_____”可知，Scott Kelly受到了《太空先锋》这本书的鼓舞，决定成为一名宇航员。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，他受到鼓舞，决心成为一名宇航员，这意味着他要在科学课上表现出色。A. writer作家；B. astronaut宇航员；C. scientist科学家；D. teacher教师。根据下文“which is extremely necessary to be an astronaut”可知，Scott Kelly决心成为一名宇航员。故选B。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他决心要在科学上取得好成绩。A. determined决心；B. managed设法做到；C. refused拒绝；D. continued继续。根据上文“he was determined to be a(n) _____8_____ which meant doing well in science classes”可知，Scott Kelly从想成为宇航员的时候起，就下定决心改变自己的学习状况。故选A。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他越是练习学习技巧，收获就越多，成绩也变得越好。A. planned计划；B. practiced练习；C. arranged安排；D. applied应用。根据下文“the more he gained and the better he got”可知，Scott Kelly通过不断练习学习技巧来提高自己的学习能力和成绩。故选B。
56．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，这变成了一场与自己的竞赛，看看自己能变得多优秀。A. Particularly特别地；B. Surprisingly惊人地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Finally最终。根据上文“The more he _____10_____ his study skills，the more he gained and the better he got”可知，Scott Kelly通过不断练习和学习逐渐提高了自己的学习能力和成绩，这个过程是一个逐步发展的过程，最终他达到了一个与自己竞赛的阶段。故选D。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，这变成了一场与自己的竞赛，看看自己能变得多优秀。A. exchange交换；B. deal交易；C. competition竞赛；D. comparison比较。根据空后“with himself to see how good he could get”可知，Scott Kelly将提升自己的成绩视为一场和自己的竞赛。故选C。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有人比他更惊讶，当一个曾经的白日梦者开始在科学课上获得全A的成绩。A. school 学校；B. science 科学；C. study 学习；D. class 班级，课。根据上下“_____7_____ at last, he was determined to be a(n) _____8_____ which meant doing well in science classes.”，Scott Kelly的目标是要成为宇航员，因此他需要在科学上取得好成绩。故选B。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我们需要停止传播“科学太难”的说法。A. commenting评论；B. breaking打破；C. confirming确认；D. spreading传播。根据上文“ Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren’t talented or clever enough. ”和下文“If you have been told “you are not fit to learn science” or “your brain doesn't think that way”, just _____15_____ the comments!”可知，此处指不要继续让这种负面观点传播下去。故选D。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你被告诉“你不适合学习科学”或“你的大脑不是这样思考的”，那就忽略这些评论吧！A. apply 应用；B. ignore 忽略；C. return 返回；D. handle 处理。根据上文“So we need to stop _____14_____ the statement that science is just too hard.”可知，“你不适合学习科学”或“你的大脑不是这样思考的”这样的观点是错误的，所以我们可以忽视这些评论。故选B。
A wise man was passing through a city. While he was walking, he 61 a coin on the road. He picked it up. Despite his simple life, he was satisfied and he had no use of that coin. So, he planned to donate it. 62 , throughout the day he didn’t find such a person. Finally, he reached the 63 area and spent a night there.
Next morning, he 64 and was told that a king was going for his invasion of another state with his army. When the king saw the wise man, he 65 his army to stop. He came to the wise man and said, ”I am going to beat another 66 . Thus, my state can be 67 . So bless me to be victorious. ”
After 68 , the wise man gave the coin to the king！The king was confused with this because he is already one of the richest kings! He 69 asked, “What’s the meaning？”
The wise man explained, ”I found this coin yesterday in your 70 . But I had no use. So I had 71 that I would donate it. I walked around till the evening, but found

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