2025--2026年高二译林版【2019】必修第三册英语综合强化提高练习试卷1【含详细答案word版】
一、阅读单选（3题）（本大题共1小题）
Four of the Deadliest Natural Disasters in 2023
Indeed, 2023 was host to a variety of natural disasters, some of them taking thousands of lives at once. Here are four of the deadliest natural disasters of 2023.
Cyclone Mocha in Myanmar
A big storm called Cyclone Mocha hit Myanmar on May 14. It caused very fast winds and sudden lightning. At least 145 people died because of it. — Many of the people who died were from a group — called Rohingya. This storm was one of the worst that Myanmar has experienced in a long time.
Earthquake Joy in Nepal
On November 3, a 5.6-magnitude earthquake named Joy struck western Nepal, resulting in the death of at least 157 people. Sitting at the meeting point of the Indian and Asian tectonic (地壳构造的) plates, this mountainous nation is no stranger to earthquakes. One of its most destructive earthquakes took almost 9,000 lives in 2015.
Storm Daniel in Libya
On September 10, a big storm named Daniel hit the city of Derna in Libya, located near the Mediterranean Sea. It brought a lot of rain and floods, and it broke two dams in the city. By October 31, it was reported that 4,352 people had died, while an additional 8,000 were missing and thought to be dead.
Floods in the DRC
Early May brought heavy rainfall to the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, causing flash flooding and mudslides. The flood water killed at least 438 people and left thousands more missing or homeless. Heavy rain and extreme flooding have become increasingly common in Africa in recent years due to climate change, according to the U. N.
1．Which natural disaster caused the most deaths
A．Floods in the DRC． B．Storm Dariel in Libya.
C．Earthquake Joy in Nepal. D．Cyclone Mocha in Myanmar.
2．What do the disasters that happened in Myanmar and DRC have in common
A．They happened in the same month. B．They are of the same type of disaster.
C．They lasted for nearly half a week. D．They have the same number of deaths.
3．What do we know about the earthquake Joy in Nepal
A．It happened in 2015. B．It happened in summer.
C．It was caused by heavy rain. D．It resulted in about 160 deaths.
二、阅读单选（4题）（本大题共2小题）
Utah’s Great Salt Lake, the largest saltwater lake in the Western Hemisphere, hit a troubling milestone in 2024, dropping to its lowest water level since record-keeping began in 1847.
Scientists from Portland State University and Oregon State University recently investigated why the lake has reached such historically low levels. Their findings, published in Geophysical Research Letters, point to two main factors: decreased water flowing into the lake from rivers and streams, combined with increasing evaporation(蒸发).
“The lake has a lot of social and economic relevance for the region and Utah,” says Siiri Bigalke, the lead author. “It brings in over$1.9 billion annually, serves as a vital feeding ground for millions of migratory birds and enhances snowfall over the Wasatch Mountain Range.”
The research team created a mathematical model to track three main factors affecting the lake’s water level: how much water flows in from rivers, how much rain falls directly on the lake and how much water evaporates into the air. They created different situations to understand how each factor contributed to the lake’s decline.
Their findings revealed that reduced river flow played the biggest role, causing about three times more water loss than increased evaporation, which was the second most important factor. Changes in rainfall had surprisingly little impact. However, the researchers discovered something crucial: while less river water was the main driver of the decline, the lake wouldn’t have hit its record low without the increased evaporation caused by warming temperatures.
This creates an interesting puzzle for the future. As the region continues to warm, more water will evaporate from the lake’s surface. But as the lake becomes smaller, there’s less surface area from which water can evaporate. “This self-limiting process makes it challenging to predict exactly how the lake will change in the coming years,” the researchers say.
“The good news is that the lake responds quickly when river flows increase, suggesting that better water management could help restore lake levels. However, the challenge lies in balancing human water needs with maintaining enough flow to sustain the lake, all while facing the ongoing effects of warming temperatures,” the researchers add.
4．What does Siiri Bigalke stress in paragraph 3
A．The financial problems in Utah.
B．The great significance of the lake.
C．The lake’s eco-friendly surroundings.
D．The benefits the study has brought.
5．What does the research find
A．It is easy to predict how the lake will change.
B．Changes in rainfall had a surprisingly huge impact.
C．Warming temperatures affected the lake’s decline.
D．Evaporation caused more water loss than river flow.
6．What attitude do the researchers hold towards the future of the lake
A．Unclear. B．Concerned.
C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.
7．What is the best title of the text
A．Global Warming Is Threatening Lakes
B．A Study on a Restored Saltwater Lake
C．Utah’s Great Salt Lake Hit Its Record Low
D．The Bright Future of a Large Saltwater Lake
The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic(怀旧的) skill. However, while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active, which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas,” Berninger said.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling, they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
8．What makes writing by hand a thing of the past
A．The absence of blackboard in classrooms.
B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
D．The popular use of smartphones.
9．Berninger's study published in 2009 ________.
A．focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer
B．indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper
C．found that good essays are made up of long sentences
D．discussed the importance of writing speed
10．Which of the following best shows the role of spelling
A．Spelling is unrelated to writing skills.
B．Spelling plays a vital part in writing.
C．Spelling has negative effect on writing.
D．Spelling slows down us to express ideas.
11．What conclusion could be drawn from the passage
A．Computers can take place of handwriting.
B．Handwriting functions only in the past.
C．Basic handwriting skills are still needed.
D．Handwriting is useless nowadays.
三、阅读单选（5题）（本大题共1小题）
Do you find that during peak times-evenings and weekends-your internet is slower or buffering (缓冲) more It doesn’t seem fair, does it However, now there’s a new device that solves this and many more frustrating Wi-Fi problems!
How exactly does the invention work Plug a Wifi XtraBoost device into any socket, and that all soon changes. Wif XtraBoost is essentially two cutting-edge wifi router and a powerful amplifier (放大器), all in one tiny box. It works by receiving your existing WiFi signal, boosting it, and then transmitting the super-amplified Wi-Fi through anything: concrete walls, multiple floors and steel beam (横梁) - no problem!In short, you get WAY faster and stronger internet. Even during peak times, and even in previous WiFi ‘dead spots’ around your home.
What features does the Wifi Xtraboost have Compatible (可兼容的) with any internet brand or router A big transfer rate of up to 300Mbps Easy installation No installation CD necessary Universal applicability You need a Wif XtraBoost if you suffer:Slow internet despite full Wi-Fi reception Weak Wi-Fi speed when leaving the room Bad Skype or Facetime quality Wi-Fi ‘dead-spots’ in your home Brick or concrete walls in your property Unsatisfactory download or upload times
Why should I buy a Wifi XtraBoost now Right now Wifi XtraBoost is heavily discounted to raise product awareness. It’s now only $49 (was $99), a great price for a device that gives you so much. However, once the promo is over, it’s only going to get more expensive. Delivery takes only a few days if you are ordering in China. For the best price order your Wifi XtraBoost from the supplier’s website. SPECIAL PROMOTION:for a limited time, get 50% off and free shipping!
12．What is Wifi XtraBoost
A．A software that improves internet speed. B．A new type of socket for better internet connection.
C．A device that boosts the existing Wi-Fi signal. D．A special cable for transmitting Wi-Fi signals.
13．Which of the following is not the advantage of XtraBoost according to the passage
A．Signals can be amplified to go through walls and floors.
B．It is easy to install with any CD recorder.
C．It can reach a large transfer rate of up to 300Mbps
D．It is compatible with any internet brand or router.
14．For what reason is XtraBoost necessary at your home
A．To detect Wi-Fi dead-spots in the house. B．To boost reliance on video software.
C．To reduce the cost of internet service. D．To ensure stable connection during peak hours.
15．How can people get a Wifi XtraBoost at the best price
A．Purchase directly at any local electronics store. B．Wait until future promotion discounts.
C．Call the customer service for extra savings. D．Order now from supplier online with free shipping.
16．Where can this article most probably be found
A．A telecom website. B．An economic journal.
C．A product brochure. D．A technology blog.
四、完形（20空）（本大题共1小题）
There aren’t many parents who would say that raising children is easy. For many people, having children can 17 parents to choose between career and family. Sometimes it 18 finances — sending a child to nursery or hiring a babysitter can be a huge 19 burden, while others may feel it’s better to be a 20 parent. These days, more and more men are choosing to stay at home to look after their kids. So why are more dads 21 to put their careers 22
With more women working outside the home than 70 years ago, if the need is 23 for one parent to stay at home, it could simply come down to who 24 more — the biggest breadwinner. And with 25 changing towards a man’s role in the family, it seems to be 26 for them to enter full-time parenthood.
27 , though, many men still face shames by choosing to raise their child. A 2013 study in the US found that 51% of people thought children were 28 off if a mother is home and doesn’t have a job, while 8% say the same about a father. But what do parents have to do when they choose to stay with their kids
In the early stages, a baby is totally 29 on a carer. The changing of nappies and making sure they 30 on time are just some of the vital activities an infant relies on. During this period, both parents take legal 31 from work. But as a child gets older, it can become less about 32 and more about choice. 33 choose a nursery, which can prove expensive, either parent may remain at home to play with and protect and 34 their child to help them develop and grow.
It’s a difficult job, with a 35 boss, but it can also be incredibly rewarding for those willing to do it. And with attitudes 36 towards who should stay at home, maybe more and more fathers will choose to become stay-at-home dads.
17．A．cultivate B．force C．struggle D．allow
18．A．comes down to B．looks up to C．goes up to D．gets down to
19．A．moral B．economical C．financial D．material
20．A．casual B．practical C．hands-up D．hands-on
21．A．refusing B．choosing C．loving D．sharing
22．A．on hold B．in hand C．off shore D．on schedule
23．A．in B．there C．out D．thus
24．A．takes B．carries C．earns D．attains
25．A．remarks B．attitudes C．opinions D．behaviors
26．A．hard B．cozy C．easy D．bitter
27．A．Unexpectedly B．Surprisingly C．Luckily D．Sadly
28．A．better B．politer C．smarter D．livelier
29．A．dependent B．keen C．hard D．emphatic
30．A．sleep B．drink C．live D．feed
31．A．burden B．service C．leave D．charge
32．A．price B．responsibility C．duty D．necessity
33．A．Other than B．Prior to C．Contrary to D．Rather than
34．A．educate B．direct C．conduct D．promote
35．A．urging B．picking C．demanding D．crying
36．A．fighting B．changing C．turning D．shaking
五、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
A digital detox is just what it sounds like: limiting your access to, and use of, certain screen-based activities. The goal is to regain control over your time and attention while improving your mental health and physical well-being. Doing a digital detox doesn’t mean you need to quit cold turkey and completely disconnect from everything. 37 A better strategy would be to cut back gradually or limit use by a reasonable amount. Is a digital detox sounding like a great step for you Here’s how to get started.
● Identify the problem you want to solve
To start a digital detox, first, figure out the issues you’re facing. Are you constantly anxious about missing out on social media updates Does using TikTok keep you up at night Are you failing to spend enough quality time with loved ones Or are you being unproductive 38 Then try to link them to your screen time and the specific apps or devices that may be causing them.
● Decide on a goal
Next, set a clear goal for your digital detox. What do you aim to achieve Be specific. For example, you might want to limit your daily phone use to one hour or replace TV time with gym workouts. 39 It could be a goal for your emotional state, behavior, relationships, or something else.
● Select a time period
Choose a suitable time period for your digital detox. It can be short-term or long-term. Some people feel a difference in just a few days, while others may choose a 30-day challenge or more. 40 For instance, if you’re so used to being online, your detox might take longer than you expected at first.
● Reflect and reward yourself
To keep yourself motivated during the detox, regularly reflect on your progress. Use a journal or an app to track your achievements. Once you reach a small milestone, give yourself a small reward. It could be enjoying your favorite snack or listening to your favorite music. 41
A．That isn’t very realistic.
B．Write down these negative feelings.
C．It can help you figure out what was going on.
D．You need to set yourself some long-term goals.
E．This makes the process enjoyable and keeps you going.
F．Use the problems you identified earlier to shape your goal.
G．Your attachment to devices and their role in your life matter.
六、语篇（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面材料 ,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kim Cobb , a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta , is one of a small but growing minority of academics 42 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures , workshops , and the like—frequently by plane— 43 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 44 (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 45 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example , 46 ( rough ) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists— 47 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 48 she could do so remotely ; about three-quarters of 49 time , they agreed. When the answer was no , she declined the 50 (invite)．That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75% , and she plans 51 ( continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding , ”she says—“ a really positive change. ”
七、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
52．假定你是李华，“The Significance of Sorting out Rubbish”项目组负责人，将在下周英语口语课上做项目汇报，请写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1．开展情况；
2．项目意义。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Good morning, everyone!
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八、读后续写（本大题共1小题）
53．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was shy when I was young — everyone made me nervous. I was also what most teachers and parents would call a “good kid”, following the rules, and rarely questioning authority. But then one day, one single ride on a school bus changed all that.
The school bus that day was smelly and crowded. The windows were all rolled up by the bus driver’s orders — it was raining too hard outside. Most of the other kids were engaged in conversations and games. I sat alone as usual, speaking to no one. Over and over, I carefully wiped a small circle on my window so that I could watch outside.
The bus stopped, waiting for an accident to be cleared. The driver, Mrs. Foster, was particularly tense that day and had yelled at several kids who had been standing up in their seats.
As I sat quietly, I saw a little cat on the other side of the road. It was all wet and didn’t seem to know where to go. I wanted to help the cat, but the bus driver would never allow me off the bus. I would get into big trouble for trying to rescue a cat across a busy, rainy street. I also thought that if I pointed out the miserable cat, the other kids would probably think I was strange. I couldn’t bear that.
My window was cloudy again, and when I wiped the window clear, I could see the cat was now struggling in running water and shaking. I saw absolute terror in its dark, round eyes.
I felt like I was drowning along with the little cat, tears rolling down my cheeks. I wanted to rush off the bus without asking for permission to save the cat. But I also pictured the other kids staring at me. I sat still, unable to act. The bus began to move forward. I could see the cat panicked. I glanced around, but no one else seemed to have noticed. I hadn’t even realized that I was standing up.
When Mrs. Foster yelled at me to sit down, I was shocked.
“No one is to leave this bus!” Mrs. Foster said seriously, rushing into the rain.
参考答案
一、阅读单选（3题）
【知识点】灾害防范、细节理解、说明文
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章列举了2023年四个最严重的自然灾害，并描述了它们的发生时间、地点、伤亡情况等。
【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“At least 145 people died because of it.(至少145人因此丧生)”；第三段“On November 3, a 5.6-magnitude earthquake named Joy struck western Nepal, resulting in the death of at least 157 people.(11月3日，尼泊尔西部发生5.6级“乔伊”地震，造成至少157人死亡)”；第四段“By October 31, it was reported that 4,352 people had died, while an additional 8,000 were missing and thought to be dead.(截至10月31日，据报道已有4352人死亡，另有8000人失踪，据信已经死亡)”以及最后一段“The flood water killed at least 438 people and left thousands more missing or homeless.(洪水造成至少438人死亡，数千人失踪或无家可归)”可知，利比亚达里尔风暴造成死亡人数最多。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A big storm called Cyclone Mocha hit Myanmar on May 14.(5月14日，一场名为“摩卡”的强风暴袭击了缅甸)”以及最后一段“Early May brought heavy rainfall to the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, causing flash flooding and mudslides. (5月初，刚果民主共和国东部地区遭遇强降雨，引发山洪和泥石流)”可知，发生在缅甸和刚果民主共和国的灾难的共同之处是发生在同一个月。故选A。
3．细节理解题。第三段“On November 3, a 5.6-magnitude earthquake named Joy struck western Nepal, resulting in the death of at least 157 people.(11月3日，尼泊尔西部发生5.6级“乔伊”地震，造成至少157人死亡)”可知，Joy造成大约160例死亡。故选D。
二、阅读单选（4题）
【知识点】情节发展、文章标题、细节理解、自然生态、观点态度、说明文
【答案】
4．B
5．C
6．B
7．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章揭示大盐湖水位创新低的主因：河流流量减少及气候变暖加剧蒸发。
【详解】
4．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘The lake has a lot of social and economic relevance for the region and Utah,’ says Siiri Bigalke, the lead author. ‘It brings in over$1.9 billion annually, serves as a vital feeding ground for millions of migratory birds and enhances snowfall over the Wasatch Mountain Range.’(研究首席作者Siiri Bigalke指出：“该湖对该地区和犹他州具有很大的社会和经济意义。它每年带来超过19亿美元的收入，是数百万候鸟的重要觅食地，并增加了瓦萨奇山脉的降雪量。”)”可知，Bigalke强调了大盐湖的社会经济价值、生态功能及气候影响，由此推知Bigalke在第三段强调了大盐湖的重要性。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第五段中“However, the researchers discovered something crucial: while less river water was the main driver of the decline, the lake wouldn’t have hit its record low without the increased evaporation caused by warming temperatures.(然而，研究人员发现了一件至关重要的事情：虽然河水减少是下降的主要原因，但如果没有气温升高引起的蒸发增加，湖泊就不会创下历史新低。)”可知，研究发现气温升高加剧蒸发，虽河流流量减少是主因，但若无升温，水位不会破历史最低，即气温升高影响了湖泊水位的下降。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第六段中“‘This self-limiting process makes it challenging to predict exactly how the lake will change in the coming years,’ the researchers say.(研究人员说：“这种自我限制的过程使得准确预测湖泊在未来几年将如何变化变得具有挑战性。”)”及最后一段“‘The good news is that the lake responds quickly when river flows increase, suggesting that better water management could help restore lake levels. However, the challenge lies in balancing human water needs with maintaining enough flow to sustain the lake, all while facing the ongoing effects of warming temperatures,’ the researchers add.(研究人员补充道：“好消息是，当河流流量增加时，湖泊会迅速做出反应，这表明更好的水资源管理可以帮助恢复湖泊水位。然而，挑战在于平衡人类的用水需求和维持足够的流量来维持湖泊，同时还要面对气温上升的持续影响。”)”可知，研究者认为未来预测困难，平衡人类用水与生态需求面临挑战，由此推断研究人员对大盐湖的未来是担忧的。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Utah’s Great Salt Lake, the largest saltwater lake in the Western Hemisphere, hit a troubling milestone in 2024, dropping to its lowest water level since record-keeping began in 1847.(犹他州的大盐湖是西半球最大的咸水湖，2024年达到了一个令人不安的里程碑，水位降至1847年开始记录以来的最低水平。)”可知，全文围绕大盐湖水位破历史新低的原因及影响展开，选项C“Utah’s Great Salt Lake Hit Its Record Low(犹他州大盐湖水位创历史新低)”与文章主旨契合，适合作标题。故选C。
【知识点】情节发展、社会、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
8．B
9．A
10．B
11．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。随着现代科技的发展，书写渐渐被人们所忽视。但是Berninger的研究表明，书写在现代教学中应该占有一席之地，因为加强拼写有助于学生的发展。
【详解】
8．细节理解题。根据第一段的“With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic(怀旧的) skill.(随着电脑和智能手机等新技术的出现，手写已经成为一种怀旧的技能。)”可知，随着电脑和智能手机等的使用，书写已经成为了人们怀旧的东西。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand.(Berninger和她的同事们进行了一项研究，考察了学生在电脑和手工上完成各种写作任务的能力。)”可知，Berninger和她的同事做了个研究，想看看学生用电脑和用手工完成各种书写任务的情况的不同。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段的“In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write.(在最近的一项研究中，Berninger研究了拼写在学生写作技能中的作用，发现孩子们的拼写能力与他们的写作能力有关。)”可知，拼写在写作当中起着很大的作用。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。通读全文，根据Berninger所做的实验以及第一段的“many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life(许多人认为，学生在学校和生活中取得成功仍然需要基本的书写技能)”可推知，在今天的教学中书写仍然有一席之地。故选C项。
三、阅读单选（5题）
【知识点】应用文、情节发展、文章出处、现代技术、细节理解
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．D 15．D 16．C
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了Wifi XtraBoost这一新型设备如何解决在高峰时段网络变慢或缓冲增多的问题，以及该设备的诸多特点和优势，以吸引消费者购买。
【详解】12．细节理解题。根据文章表格最上一栏中“Wif XtraBoost is essentially two cutting-edge wifi router and a powerful amplifier (放大器), all in one tiny box. It works by receiving your existing WiFi signal, boosting it, and then transmitting the super-amplified Wi-Fi through anything: concrete walls, multiple floors and steel beam (横梁) - no problem!(WiFi增强器本质上集两台尖端无线路由器和一个强大的信号放大器于一身，全部集成在一个小巧的盒子里。它的工作原理是接收你现有的WiFi信号，增强信号强度，然后将经过超级放大的WiFi信号穿透任何障碍物进行传输：无论是混凝土墙、多层楼层还是钢梁——都毫无问题！)”可知，Wifi XtraBoost本质上是将两台尖端无线路由器和一个强大的放大器集成在一个小盒子里，它通过接收现有的WiFi信号，增强信号，然后传输增强后的信号。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据文章表格最上一栏中“It works by receiving your existing WiFi signal, boosting it, and then transmitting the super-amplified Wi-Fi through anything: concrete walls, multiple floors and steel beam (横梁) - no problem!(它的工作原理是接收你现有的WiFi信号，增强信号强度，然后将经过超级放大的WiFi信号穿透任何障碍物进行传输：无论是混凝土墙、多层楼层还是钢梁——都毫无问题！)”可知，信号可以被放大以穿透墙壁和楼层；根据表格中排左栏“Compatible (可兼容的) with any internet brand or router(与任何网络品牌或路由器都兼容)”可知，它与任何网络品牌或路由器都兼容；根据表格中排左栏“A big transfer rate of up to 300Mbps(高达 300Mbps 的大传输速率)”可知，它能达到高达 300Mbps 的大传输速率。因此，选项A、C、D都是XtraBoost 的优点。根据表格中排左栏“No installation CD necessary(可知，不需要安装光盘就能安装)”，选项B“It is easy to install with any CD recorder.(用任何光盘刻录机都很容易安装)”与原文表述不符。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据文章开头“Do you find that during peak times-evenings and weekends-your internet is slower or buffering (缓冲) more It doesn’t seem fair, does it However, now there’s a new device that solves this and many more frustrating Wi-Fi problems!(你有没有发现，在高峰时段——比如晚上和周末，你的网络速度会变慢，或者缓冲得更频繁呢？这似乎不太公平，不是吗？不过，现在有一款新设备可以解决这个问题，以及许多其他令人沮丧的无线网络问题！)”以及“In short, you get WAY faster and stronger internet. Even during peak times, and even in previous WiFi ‘dead spots’ around your home.(简而言之，你将拥有速度更快、信号更强的网络。即使在高峰时段，甚至在你家中以前那些WiFi信号“死角”的地方也能如此。)”可知，XtraBoost这种设备可以解决在高峰时段网络变慢或缓冲频繁的问题，能让用户在高峰时段也能拥有更快更强的网络。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据文章表格最下一栏中“For the best price order your Wifi XtraBoost from the supplier’s website.(要想以最优惠的价格购买WiFi增强器，请从供应商的网站上下单。)”以及“SPECIAL PROMOTION: for a limited time, get 50% off and free shipping!(特别促销活动：在有限的时间内，可享受五折优惠，并且包邮！)”可知，要想以最优惠的价格购买Wifi XtraBoost，需要从供应商的网站上订购，并且目前有限时促销活动，可享受五折优惠以及包邮服务。也就是说，人们以最优惠价格获得 Wifi XtraBoost 的方式是现在从供应商的网站上订购并享受包邮服务。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了一款名为Wifi XtraBoost的设备，包括其工作原理、特点、适用场景以及促销信息等，目的是推广和销售该产品。因此，这篇文章最有可能出现在产品宣传册中。故选C。
四、完形（20空）
【知识点】介词（短语）辨析、副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、时代变迁、社会、说明文
【答案】
17．B
18．A
19．C
20．D
21．B
22．A
23．B
24．C
25．B
26．C
27．D
28．A
29．A
30．D
31．C
32．D
33．D
34．A
35．C
36．B
【详解】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍随着在家庭中男性角色的转变，越来越多的爸爸们似乎要选择成为成为全职奶爸；
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对很多人来说，生孩子会迫使父母在事业和家庭之间做出选择。A. cultivate培养；B. force强迫，迫使；C. struggle挣扎；D. allow允许。根据前文“There aren’t many parents who would say that raising children is easy.(没有多少父母会说养孩子是件容易的事)”可知，有了孩子以后，父母会被迫在工作和家庭之间作出选择。故选B项；
18．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时是经济问题——送孩子去托儿所或雇佣保姆可能是一个巨大的经济负担，而其他人可能会觉得做一个亲力亲为的父母更好。A. comes down to归根结底，可归结为，实质上是；B. looks up to尊敬；C. goes up to上升到；D. gets down to开始认真考虑，着手。父母必须要在工作和孩子之间作出选择的时候，归根到底是金钱方面的原因。故选A项；
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时是经济问题——送孩子去托儿所或雇佣保姆可能是一个巨大的经济负担，而其他人可能会觉得做一个亲力亲为的父母更好。A. moral道德上的；B. economical经济实惠的；C. financial经济上的；D. material物质的。根据前文“There aren’t many parents who would say that raising children is easy.”和“sending a child to nursery or hiring a babysitter”可知，养孩子不是件容易的事，送孩子去托儿所或者请保姆会带来经济负担，故选C项；
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时是经济问题——送孩子去托儿所或雇佣保姆可能是一个巨大的经济负担，而其他人可能会觉得做一个亲力亲为的父母更好。A. casual随意的；B. practical切实的；C. hands-up举起手来；D. hands-on实际操作的，事必躬亲的。有“while”可知与前文“sending a child to nursery or hiring a babysitter”相对的“others”是“父母自己亲自带孩子”。故选D项；
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，为什么越来越多的父亲选择搁置自己的事业呢 A. refusing拒绝；B. choosing选择；C. loving爱；D. sharing分享。针对前文“more and more men are choosing to stay at home to look after their kids”越来越多的男人选择呆在家里照顾孩子提问，为什么越来越多的父亲“选择”搁置自己的事业呢。故选B项；
22．考查介词短语辨析。句意：那么，为什么越来越多的父亲选择搁置自己的事业呢 A. on hold搁置；B. in hand在手头，进行中；C. off shore离岸；D. on schedule准时。根据上文“more and more men are choosing to stay at home to look after their kids.”可知越来越多的男人搁置自己的事业，选择呆在家里照顾孩子。“put...on hold”表示“ 搁置”。故选A项；
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：与70年前相比，随着越来越多的女性外出工作，如果需要父母中的一方留在家里，这可能简单地归结为谁赚得更多——养家糊口的最大赢家。A. in在里面；B. there在那里；C. out在外面；D. thus因此。句中“for one parent to stay at home”是存在的一种需求，结合语境可知“if the need is there”表示“存在着一个必须让父母当中一个留在家里的需求”。故选B项；
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与70年前相比，随着越来越多的女性外出工作，如果需要父母中的一方留在家里，这可能简单地归结为谁赚得更多——养家糊口的最大赢家。A. takes拿，取；B. carries携带；C. earns赚；D. attains获得，实现。根据破折号后面的“the biggest breadwinner”可知，此处指挣钱更多的人。故选C项；
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着人们对男性在家庭中角色的态度改变，他们似乎更容易成为全职父母。A. remarks评论；B. attitudes态度；C. opinions观点；D. behaviors行为。根据最后一段的“with attitudes 20 towards who should stay at home”可知，此处表示现在的人对男性在家庭中的角色的态度已经发生了转变。故选B项；
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人们对男性在家庭中角色的态度改变，他们似乎更容易成为全职父母。A. hard困难的；B. cozy舒适的；C. easy简单的；D. bitter苦涩的，痛苦的。根据前文“With more women working outside the home than 70 years ago”可知，更多的女性在外挣钱，随着人们的态度改变，大家不介意男性在家里当奶爸，所以让男性回归家庭带孩子也就更容易。故选C项；
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，可悲的是，许多男人仍然因为选择抚养孩子而感到羞愧。A. Unexpectedly出乎意料地；B. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. Luckily幸运地；D. Sadly悲哀地。根据后文“many men still face shames by choosing to raise their child”可知，虽然态度发生了转变，但是还是有很多人对于男性回家带孩子是持否定态度的，认为这是一种羞耻，然而父母带孩子并没有什么好羞耻的，所以这种观点在作者看来是令人难以接受的，是令人伤心、难过的。故选D项；
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国2013年的一项研究发现，51%的人认为如果母亲在家且没有工作，孩子会更好，而8%的人认为父亲也是如此。A. better更好的；B. politer更礼貌的；C. smarter更聪明的；D. livelier更活泼的。2013年的研究是在对比到底父亲带孩子还是母亲带孩子对孩子更有利，并未指出具体在哪方面对孩子更有利，所以B、C、D选项都过于具体。固定短语better off表示“更好的”。故选A项；
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在早期阶段，婴儿完全依赖于照顾者。A. dependent依赖的；B. keen热衷的；C. hard努力地，困难的；D. emphatic强调的，坚决的。根据前文“In the early stages”可知，孩子处于婴儿时期，对大人的依赖性很强。be dependent on 意为“依赖”。故选A项；
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：换尿布和确保他们按时进食只是婴儿依赖的一些重要活动。A. sleep睡觉；B. drink喝；C. live生活；D. feed喂养。带小婴儿时，与“The changing of nappies (换尿片)” 并列的就是按时喂孩子。故选D项；
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在此期间，父母双方都是法定休假。A. burden负担；B. service服务；C. leave假期，休假；D. charge收费。根据“legal”可知，刚生完孩子以后，父亲和母亲都可以合法休产假。take leave from work“请假、休假”。故选C项；
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随着孩子年龄的增长，它可能变得不那么需要，而是更多地与选择有关。A. price价格；B. responsibility责任；C. duty职责；D. necessity需要。根据前文“But as a child gets older”和后文“and more about choice”孩子慢慢长大了以后对父母的依赖性就不是很强了，就可以要么把孩子送去托儿所，要么请保姆，所以这个时候父母留在家里带孩子就不再是一件必须的事情，而是可以作出选择的事情。故选D项；
33．考查介词短语辨析。句意：父母中的任何一方都可以留在家里陪孩子玩耍，保护和教育孩子，帮助他们发展和成长，而不是选择昂贵的托儿所。A. Other than除了；B. Prior to在……之前；C. Contrary to与……相反；D. Rather than而不是。根据后文“either parent may remain at home to play with and protect”可知，父母其中一人可以在家里陪伴孩子，而不是选择托儿所。故选D项；
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母中的任何一方都可以留在家里陪孩子玩耍，保护和教育孩子，帮助他们发展和成长，而不是选择昂贵的托儿所。A. educate教育；B. direct指引；C. conduct实施；D. promote促进。根据后文“help them develop and grow”可知父母留在家里教育孩子。故选A项；
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一项艰难的工作，有一个要求很高的老板，但它也可以给那些愿意做的人带来难以置信的回报。A. urging敦促；B. picking挑选；C. demanding要求高的；D. crying哭。分析句子可知，空处填形容词修饰boss，根据前文“It’s a difficult job”可知，带孩子就像为一个高要求的老板工作。故选C项；
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着人们对谁应该待在家里的态度的改变，也许越来越多的父亲会选择成为全职奶爸。A. fighting斗争；B. changing改变；C. turning转变；D. shaking摇动。根据后文“maybe more and more fathers will choose to become stay-at-home dads”可知，随着人们的态度的转变，越来越多的父母将选择成为全职奶爸。故选B项。
五、七选五阅读
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【答案】37．A 38．B 39．F 40．G 41．E
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了进行数字排毒的含义、目的，并给出了开始数字排毒的具体步骤，包括识别问题、确定目标、选择时间段、反思和奖励自己。
【详解】37．上文“Doing a digital detox doesn’t mean you need to quit cold turkey and completely disconnect from everything.(进行数字排毒并不意味着你需要突然完全戒掉并与一切断绝联系)”提出不能突然完全断绝与电子设备的联系。A选项“That isn’t very realistic.(那不太现实)”对上文这种做法进行评价，说明突然完全断绝联系不现实，引出下文“A better strategy would be to cut back gradually or limit use by a reasonable amount.(一个更好的策略是逐渐减少或限制使用合理的数量)”介绍的更好策略。故选A项。
38．上文“Are you constantly anxious about missing out on social media updates Does using TikTok keep you up at night Are you failing to spend enough quality time with loved ones Or are you being unproductive (你是否经常担心错过社交媒体的更新？使用TikTok是否会让你熬夜？你是否没有花足够的高质量时间和亲人在一起？或者你是否效率低下？)”列举了一些与电子设备使用相关的负面问题。B选项“Write down these negative feelings.(写下这些负面感受)”承接上文，建议把这些负面感受记录下来，以便后续与屏幕使用时间及导致问题的相关应用或设备联系起来。故选B项。
39．上文“Next, set a clear goal for your digital detox. What do you aim to achieve Be specific. For example, you might want to limit your daily phone use to one hour or replace TV time with gym workouts.(接下来，为你的数字排毒设定一个明确的目标。你想要实现什么？要具体。例如，你可能想把每天的手机使用时间限制在一小时，或者用健身时间取代看电视的时间)”强调要为数字排毒设定具体目标。F选项“Use the problems you identified earlier to shape your goal.(利用你之前确定的问题来制定你的目标)”说明可以根据之前识别出的问题来确定目标，与上文目标设定的话题紧密相关，逻辑合理。故选F项。
40．下文“For instance, if you’re so used to being online, your detox might take longer than you expected at first.(例如，如果你已经习惯了上网，你的排毒可能比你最初预期的要长)”通过举例说明个人对设备的依赖程度和设备在生活中的作用会影响数字排毒的时长。G选项“Your attachment to devices and their role in your life matter.(你对设备的依赖程度以及它们在你生活中的作用很重要)”引出下文，表明设备依赖情况和其在生活中的作用会对排毒产生影响。故选G项。
41．上文“To keep yourself motivated during the detox, regularly reflect on your progress. Use a journal or an app to track your achievements. Once you reach a small milestone, give yourself a small reward. It could be enjoying your favorite snack or listening to your favorite music.(为了在排毒期间保持动力，定期反思你的进展。用日记或应用程序来记录你的成就。一旦你达到一个小的里程碑，给自己一个小奖励。可以是享用你最喜欢的零食或听你最喜欢的音乐)”介绍了在数字排毒期间通过反思和奖励自己来保持动力的方法。E选项“This makes the process enjoyable and keeps you going.(这会让这个过程变得愉快，并让你坚持下去)”解释了这样做的好处，即让数字排毒过程更愉快且能使人持续进行下去，与上文逻辑连贯。故选E项。
六、语篇
【知识点】that/which引导的限制性定语从句、who/whom引导的限制性定语从句、一般现在时、一般现在时的被动语态、副词作状语、动词不定式作宾语、名词作宾语、定冠词、宾语从句的连接词、现在分词作状语、现在完成时、现在完成时的被动语态、生活故事、记叙文
【答案】
42．who/that
43．is viewed/has been viewed
44．are
45．changing
46．roughly
47．have promised
48．whether/if
49．the
50．invitation
51．to continue
【分析】文章讲述了—位美国教授所在的团体发起的减少坐飞机去参加学术会议的次数的实践,其目的是应对气候变化危机。
【详解】
42．考查定语从句。句意为:亚特兰大佐治亚理工学院的教授金●科布是由于气候变化而减少乘飞机出行(次数)的少数学者之—,这个群体虽然人数不多,但正在不断增加。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为academics,指人,从句中缺少主语,故用who/that。
43．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓—致。句意为:经常乘飞机去参加会议、演讲、研讨会等,被认为是科学家们聚在—起交流信息的重要方式。此处可看作陈述—般事实,故用—般现在时;此处也可以是强调人们从过去到现在的认知,故用现在完成时;主语与谓语动词view之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;且主语为动名词短语,视作单数概念,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is viewed/has been viewed。
44．考查动词的时态和主谓—致。句意为:但是现在科布和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动(各类)会议提供更多远程参加的机会并改变他们的个人行为来为应对气候变化危机尽—份力。结合上下文,尤其是本句中的时间状语now和空后的questioning可知,此处应用现在进行时,由于主语cobb and others为复数概念,谓语应用复数形式,故填are。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意见上—题解析。分析句子结构可知,此处与pushing并列,在句中作状语,形式应保持—致,故填changing。
46．考查词性转换。句意为:例如,在—个名为No Fly climate Sci的网站上,大约有200名学者(其中许多人是气候科学家)自从两年前这—努力开始时就承诺,他们将尽可能少坐飞机。分析句子成分可知,设空处修饰数词,应用副词,表示"粗略地;大约”。
47．考查动词的时态和主谓—致。句意见上—题解析。根据时间状语从句since the effort started two years ago可知,主句应使用现在完成时。主语 _______________
200 academics为复数概念,谓语也应用复数形式。故填have promised。
48．考查名词性从句。句意为:就科布而言,她开始询问邀请她发言的会议组织者,她是否可以远程发言,大约有四分之三的时间,他们都同意了。设空处引导宾语从句,作ask的宾语,且从句句意不完整,结合句意可知,此处表示"是否”,故填whether/if。
49．考查冠词。句意见上—题解析。此处特指科布询问的时间范围,为特指,应用定冠词。故填the。
50．考查词性转换。句意为:当回答是"不可以”时,她会拒绝邀请。设空处作动词declined的宾语,且空前有定冠词the,应用名词。故填invitation。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意为:那种做法使科布去年的航空旅行减少了75%,且她计划继续这样做。 plan to do sth.意为"计划做某事”,为固定搭配。故填to continue。
七、应用文写作
【知识点】一般将来时、演讲稿、环境保护
52．【答案】Good morning, everyone!
I’m Li Hua, thrilled to report our project “The Significance of Sorting out Rubbish”.
At the beginning, our four-member team carefully planned and assigned tasks based on individual strengths, ensuring each of us had an equal opportunity to contribute. Over the past four weeks, we have been actively engaged in a variety of hands-on sorting-out rubbish activities in different communities. To our joy, this project was a great success. Not only did it highlight the importance of dealing with rubbish correctly, but it greatly beautified our environment and strengthened our community bonds.
To conclude, this project has been a rewarding experience. Thank you for your attention.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就“The Significance of Sorting out Rubbish”项目写一篇发言稿，在下周英语口语课上做项目汇报。
【详解】
1．词汇积累
激动的：thrilled→excited
机会：opportunity →chance
各种各样的：a variety of→various
重要性：importance→significance
2．句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To conclude, this project has been a rewarding experience.
拓展句：To conclude, there is no doubt that this project has been a rewarding experience.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 At the beginning, our four-member team carefully planned and assigned tasks based on individual strengths, ensuring each of us had an equal opportunity to contribute.（运用了现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】 Not only did it highlight the importance of dealing with rubbish correctly, but it greatly beautified our environment and strengthened our community bonds.（运用了not only放句首构成的部分倒装）
八、读后续写
【知识点】一般过去时、动物植物、记叙文
53．【答案】范文
When Mrs. Foster yelled at me to sit down, I was shocked. I immediately sat back down. Although I did not break rules, my heart was racing. I prayed that someone else would notice and rescue the pity cat. Realizing it was less likely for the cat to be noticed in such a busy and rainy street, I couldn’t just sit back and do nothing. I gathered my courage and rushed towards the driver. “Mrs. Foster. I have to help that cat in trouble, and I can’t just leave it there.” I said firmly. Her eyes met mine, surprise quickly replaced by a look of understanding. She pulled over.
“No one is to leave this bus.” Mrs. Foster said seriously, rushing into rain. Without grabbing an umbrella, Mrs. Foster quickly pulled the cat into the safety of her arms. As we all. watched in silence, she tightly held the terrified creature, removed her own coat to wrap the cat in it, and then raced back to the bus. We all cheered until she gestured us to be quiet. The cat was rescued, and I breathed a sigh of relief. I was still a pretty good kid after that day, but I learned to speak up to overcome my shyness.
【详解】1、段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当福斯特太太叫我坐下时，我吓了一跳。”可知，第一段可描写作者鼓起勇气请求帮助小猫，福斯特太太理解并停车。
②由第二段首句内容“‘谁也不许离开这辆车’福斯特太太严肃地说，冲进雨中。”可知，第二段可描写福斯特太太下车去帮助小猫，作者松了一口气，最后克服了羞怯。
2、续写线索：福斯特太太叫作者坐下——鼓起勇气诉说请求——福斯特太太理解并停车——司机帮助小猫——作者松了一口气——感悟
3、词汇激活
行为类
①怦怦跳：race/pound
②脱下：remove/take off
③克服：overcome/get over
情绪类
①害怕的：terrified/startled
②羞怯：shyness/bashfulness
【点睛】[高分句型1] Although I did not break rules, my heart was racing. (运用了although引导让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] As we all watched in silence, she tightly held the terrified creature, removed her own coat to wrap the cat in it, and then raced back to the bus. (运用了as引导时间状语从句)
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二译林版【2019】必修第三册英语综合强化提高练习试卷2【含详细答案word版】
一、阅读单选（3题）（本大题共1小题）
NASA’s spacecraft Dart hit an asteroid (小行星) 11.3 million kilometers away at a speed, changing the asteroid’s orbit and lowered its cycle period by I5 minutes, the space organization announced on Monday.
Some said the move shows the world might now be able to prevent asteroids—the kind that made the dinosaurs extinct—from hitting the Earth. The asteroid that was controlled belonged to a double-asteroid system. It had a 160-meter diameter while the other asteroid’s diameter is over 500 meters. The bigger asteroid can be compared to the one that ended the dinosaur era 67 million years ago. A hit from an asteroid that size can cause unimaginable destruction.
However, it is too early to assert that the world has gained the ability to prevent asteroids from hitting us. The asteroid that was controlled was only 160 meters in size. Its cycle period was changed, without changing its orbit significantly. It is still not clear if the orbit of a much larger asteroid headed toward the Earth can be changed successfully.
In brief, NASA’s success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely praiseworthy, but much more needs to be done before we can say the world’s security from some unpredictable asteroid is guaranteed.
It should be noted that changing the orbit of an asteroid involves more than just sending an object into space and commanding it to hit the asteroid. While it is hard enough to hit an asteroid, it is even more difficult to lock onto one in the first place. It means having the ability to observe approaching asteroids, measuring their respective speeds, and deciding which ones might pose a danger to the Earth.
Therefore, there’s more to Dart hitting the asteroid than meets the eye. And these are key areas where global scientists need to work harder in the future.
1．What was the latest news about NASA
A．Its new program failed.
B．Its manned spaceship hit an asteroid.
C．Its spacecraft changed an asteroid’s orbit.
D．Its spacecraft saved the earth from being destroyed.
2．What can we learn about the asteroid that was hit
A．It was comparatively small in size.
B．Its orbit was changed significantly.
C．It travelled at a higher speed than before.
D．It was powerful enough to end dinosaur era.
3．What is the author’s attitude toward using spacecrafts to change the asteroids orbits
A．Neutral. B．Optimistic. C．Pessimistic. D．Not mentioned.
二、阅读单选（4题）（本大题共2小题）
Google has been using SynthID to automatically identify text generated by the company’s Gemini chatbot. This system embeds(嵌入) digital watermarks(水印) directly into AI-generated images, audio, text or video, making it easier to distinguish AI-generated content from human-written posts.
Scott Aaronson, at The University of Texas at Austin, says that while no known watermarking method is absolutely reliable, he really hopes this can help in catching a small part of AI-generated misinformation, academic cheating and more. He also hopes other large language model companies will follow.
Google DeepMind’s AI watermarking uses a “competition sampling” approach to select certain word tokens(标志), creating a statistical signature that is detectable by associated software. This process randomly pairs up possible word tokens in a competition style, with the winner of each pair being determined by which one scores highest according to a watermarking function. The winning tokens of the competition move through continuous rounds of selection until just one remains—a multi-layered approach that increases the complexity of any potential attempts to crack the watermark, says Furong Huang at the University of Maryland.
The researchers acknowledged that the watermarking works best with longer chatbot responses, such as generating an essay or email, but it has not yet been tested on responses to maths or coding problems. In addition, both Google DeepMind’s team and others described the need for additional safeguards against misuse of AI chatbots—with Huang recommending stronger regulation as well. “Authorizing watermarking by law would address both the practicality and user adoption challenges, ensuring a more secure use of large language models,” she says.
4．What do we know about SynthID
A．It causes cheating in school settings. B．It removes all AI-related misinformation.
C．It assists AI developers in making chatbots. D．It helps recognize a chatbot-generated text.
5．Which is one of the steps in creating a signature
A．Random scoring of tokens. B．Deliberate pairing of tokens.
C．Competitive selection of tokens. D．Continuous generation of tokens.
6．What might be talked about in the following paragraph
A．A new algorithm to improve the efficiency of SynthID.
B．A potential legal framework to support SynthID’s spread.
C．A comparison of SynthID with other watermarking technology.
D．A discussion on SynthID’s benefits in securing AI-generated content.
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．AI-Generated Content: A Potential Cheater
B．AI Watermarking: A Promising Technology
C．Google’s SynthID: An Outstanding Detective
D．Gemini Chatbot: A Brilliant Artificial Intelligence
Have you ever watched a flock of birds flying in perfect formation and wondered if they’re communicating or feeling anything Or seen a wild fox carefully tending to its young and thought about the emotions it might possess The question of whether animals have emotions has aroused humans’ curiosity for centuries, and recent research is shedding more light on this fascinating topic.
Scientists have been conducting various studies to explore animal emotions. For instance, elephants are known to display behaviors that suggest deep emotions. When an elephant in a herd dies, the others often gather around the body, touching it gently with their trunks, staying with it for hours or even days. This behavior is not just an occasional action; it seems to indicate a sense of loss and sadness. Dolphins, too, show signs of strong social bonds and emotions. They cooperate while hunting, support injured or sick members of the group, and engage in playful activities, which imply they experience positive feelings like joy and fellowship.
However, understanding animal emotions isn’t always simple. Different species express emotions in unique ways, and what might seem like an emotional response in one species could have a different explanation in another. Some critics argue that the behaviors we interpret as emotional are merely instinctive reactions to survival needs. But as more in-depth research is carried out, using advanced technologies to study brain activity in animals, a growing body of evidence suggests that many animals do indeed experience emotions.
This new understanding of animal emotions has significant implications. It challenges us to re-understand our relationship with animals, especially in fields such as animal agriculture and wildlife tourism. If animals can feel joy, pain, fear, and sadness, then how we treat them becomes an important ethical (伦理的) consideration. We may need to adjust our practices to ensure that we respect their emotional well-being, just as we would for other humans.
8．Which animals are mentioned to show sadness when a member of their group dies
A．Birds B．Elephants C．Dolphins D．Foxes
9．What do scientists do to further study animal emotions
A．Observe their daily activities.
B．Communicate with them directly.
C．Compare their behaviors with humans’.
D．Use advanced technologies to study brain activity.
10．What can we infer from the findings in the last two paragraphs
A．It’s easy to understand the emotions of all different species.
B．All animals experience emotions in exactly the same way as humans.
C．The behaviors of animals are always caused by their survival needs.
D．Our current practices in animal agriculture may need to be improved.
11．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．The methods of studying animal emotions.
B．The unique ways animals express emotions.
C．The influence of understanding animal emotions.
D．The challenges in understanding animal emotions.
三、阅读单选（5题）（本大题共1小题）
“Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity,” said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. I’ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it’s probably worth listening to.
Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you’re a Chinese, you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.
A book by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called The Luck Factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. It’s most about going to a temple to burn some incense in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune, but practical advice you can follow each day.
Wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. First he divided volunteers into two groups: those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why On the second page of the newspaper, a command, “Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper,” was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.
It’s easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are “lucky”, in fact, keep an open mind and don’t go through the same routine every day.
In a word, try to turn bad luck into good. Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English.
12．Which of the followings most agrees with the writer’s point
A．Success is for those who are prepared. B．Rome was not built in a day.
C．All is not gold that shines. D．A good heart defeats ill fortune.
13．What do you know about Oprah Winfrey
A．She became famous through her family background.
B．She was very lucky and seldom suffered difficulties in her life.
C．She is a British talk show host.
D．She became successful by her own effort.
14．The writer quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show ________.
A．man can defeat mature B．luck is your own hand
C．bad luck can turn into good D．never waiting for the chance to come
15．From the experiment Wiseman drew the conclusion that ________.
A．lucky people are quick-minded B．unlucky people are slow to read
C．lucky people often have an open mind D．unlucky people are more creative
16．The underlined word “spot” is the closest in meaning to “________”.
A．Discover B．Mark C．Make D．Receive
四、完形（20空）（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the 17 (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 18 (think)it is food.
I decided to do something 19 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 20 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company 21 emailed its president. I told him how 22 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 23 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 24 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 25 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 26 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
五、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a non-disabled woman. In another study, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble (绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his face; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to receive aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In understanding these and other research findings, two themes are important. 27
28 For example, in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be mailed, but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very good-looking person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to mail the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. 29 In another study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a plain T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.
30 For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone money to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for health than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be sick rather than drunk. 31
A．Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case.
B．It’s interesting to consider the factors that influence whether or not someone will offer help to another person.
C．Cultural differences and communication obstacles can both affect how people respond.
D．We are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think deserve assistance.
E．People might donate more to an arts program than for car repairs, despite the latter’s necessity, due to the perceived community value of art.
F．In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.
G．People are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner.
六、语篇（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Two teenagers, 32 (invite) as youth representatives to a side event at the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), held their own event to encourage environmental protection in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province.
The two teenagers known by their English names Arthur and Carter, 33 (independent) conducted a survey to understand how students in 34 (grade) 6 through 12 recognize climate change. The survey showed around 25 percent of Shenzhen’s students showed little interest in addressing global warming, and 35 90 percent had basic knowledge linking carbon dioxide emissions (排放物) 36 climate change.
At the age of 12, influenced by 37 (they) charity-involved parents, the two teenagers developed a passion for climate change. Their efforts 38 (attract) peers in climate discussions earned them an invitation to speak at the COP28 side event “Canal Cities: Eye of the Climate Storm”.
Since their return, the brothers 39 (track) climate change information. They shared the information with classmates. On Tuesday, they hosted a themed session in Shenzhen titled Climate Change and Youth Power inviting Wang, the founder of a company and an advocate of environmental sustainability, 40 they met at COP28.
Wang, an experienced person of 14 consecutive UN Climate Change Conferences, shared insights on mangrove protection and zero-carbon campuses, 41 (advise) youth to embrace climate awareness in their lives.
七、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
42．假定你是育才中学学生会主席李华，你校即将举行主题为“Let’s go green now”的一项环保活动。请你用英语写一封倡议书，要点包括：
1、倡导绿色生活的原因；
2、实践途径(至少三点)。
注意：1.词数80词左右；2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3、开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the Students Union
八、读后续写（本大题共1小题）
43．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A young girl called Liza scrolled through an online store, her eyes lighting up at the sight of a beautiful dress. It was a designer gown(礼服). She looked over at her mother, who was reading a book in the armchair by the window.
“Mom, can I get this dress for prom(舞会) It’s perfect!” Liza asked. Her mother looked at the price and shook her head. “Liza, that’s expensive. We shouldn’t spend that much on a dress you’ll wear once. Besides, someone has a surprise for you today.”
“A surprise What kind of surprise ” Liza asked. Her mother smiled mysteriously and said, “Just be patient.” After a while, there was a knock on the door. Liza’s grandmother, Pam, entered the house, holding a package wrapped neatly in gift paper.
Liza’s curiosity got the better of her, and she eagerly tore open the package. Inside was a beautiful dress. But Liza’s excitement faded quickly as she realized it wasn’t the designer dress she had dreamed of.
“I’m not wearing this!” she shouted, her disappointment turning into anger. She didn’t consider how hurtful her words might be to her grandmother. Her mother tried to reassure her. “Well, dear, I think you will look beautiful in this dress,” she said.
“No! Are you trying to save money on me! Prom only happens once in a lifetime! I’m not wearing this!” Liza shouted, tears of anger welling up in her eyes.
Finally, her mother decided to give in. Pam quietly accepted Liza’s choice and carefully packed the dress she had made. She didn’t say much, but her disappointment was clear. Liza was too wrapped up in her own feelings to notice the sadness in her grandmother’s eyes.
The evening of the prom finally arrived. Liza danced among her friends, her heart filled with excitement. Suddenly, one of Liza’s friends Mary carelessly poured a glass of red wine on her dress. In an instant, the dress was completely ruined. Liza couldn’t believe what had just happened. She burst into the restroom, trying to clean the dress, but nothing worked.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Liza headed to the school exit and called her mother, crying uncontrollably.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Returning to the hall in her grandmother’s dress, Liza felt a mix of nervousness and hope.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、阅读单选（3题）
【知识点】科普知识、细节理解、观点态度、说明文
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B
二、阅读单选（4题）
【知识点】文章标题、现代技术、细节理解、观点态度、说明文
【答案】
4．D
5．C
6．B
7．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Google DeepMind开发的SynthID技术，它通过嵌入数字水印来识别人工智能生成的内容。
【详解】
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的句子“Google has been using SynthID to automatically identify text generated by the company’s Gemini chatbot. This system embeds(嵌入) digital watermarks(水印) directly into AI-generated images, audio, text or video, making it easier to distinguish AI-generated content from human-written posts.(谷歌一直在使用SynthID自动识别该公司Gemini聊天机器人生成的文本。该系统将数字水印直接嵌入人工智能生成的图像、音频、文本或视频中，从而更容易将人工智能生成内容与人类书写的帖子区分开来。)”可知，SynthID是一种用于识别人工智能生成内容的工具，它通过嵌入数字水印来区分人工智能生成的内容和人类书写的帖子。故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的句子“Google DeepMind’s AI watermarking use a ‘competition sampling’ approach to select certain word tokens(标志), creating a statistical signature that is detectable by associated software. This process randomly pairs up possible word tokens in a competition style, with the winner of each pair being determined by which one scores highest according to a watermarking function.(谷歌DeepMind的人工智能水印使用“竞争抽样”方法来选择某些单词标记，创建可由相关软件检测的统计签名。该过程以竞争风格随机配对可能的单词标记，每对标记的获胜者由根据水印函数得分最高的标记决定。)”可知，创建签名的一个步骤是通过竞争方式选择单词标记。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段提到的“In addition, both Google DeepMind’s team and others described the need for additional safeguards against misuse of AI chatbots—with Huang recommending stronger regulation as well. ‘Authorizing watermarking by law would address both the practicality and user adoption challenges, ensuring a more secure use of large language models,’ she says.(此外，谷歌DeepMind的团队和其他人都表示，需要采取额外的保障措施来防止人工智能聊天机器人的滥用，黄也建议加强监管。她说：“通过法律授权水印将解决实用性和用户采用方面的挑战，确保更安全地使用大型语言模型。”)”可以推断，接下来可能会讨论支持SynthID推广的潜在法律框架。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段“Google has been using SynthID to automatically identify text generated by the company’s Gemini chatbot. This system embeds(嵌入) digital watermarks(水印) directly into AI-generated images, audio, text or video, making it easier to distinguish AI-generated content from human-written posts.(谷歌一直在使用SynthID自动识别该公司Gemini聊天机器人生成的文本。该系统将数字水印直接嵌入人工智能生成的图像、音频、文本或视频中，从而更容易将人工智能生成内容与人类书写的帖子区分开来。)”可知，文章主要介绍了Google的SynthID技术，它通过嵌入数字水印来识别人工智能生成的内容，并讨论了其工作原理、优势和局限性。因此，最佳标题是C“Google’s SynthID: An Outstanding Detective(谷歌的SynthID：一位杰出的侦探)”。故选C项。
【知识点】动物植物、情节发展、段落大意、科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．D 11．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了动物是否有情感及研究进展与伦理意义。
【详解】8．细节理解题。 根据第二段中“When an elephant in a herd dies, the others often gather around the body, touching it gently with their trunks, staying with it for hours or even days. This behavior is not just an occasional action; it seems to indicate a sense of loss and sadness.(当象群中的一头大象死亡时，其他大象经常会聚集在尸体周围，用鼻子轻轻触碰它，陪伴数小时甚至数天。这种行为并非偶然，似乎表明它们有失落和悲伤的情绪)”可知，大象在群体成员死亡时会表现出悲伤。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But as more in-depth research is carried out, using advanced technologies to study brain activity in animals, a growing body of evidence suggests that many animals do indeed experience emotions.(但随着更深入的研究开展，利用先进技术研究动物大脑活动，越来越多的证据表明许多动物确实有情感体验)”可知，科学家利用先进技术研究动物大脑活动来进一步研究动物情感。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If animals can feel joy, pain, fear, and sadness, then how we treat them becomes an important ethical (伦理的) consideration. We may need to adjust our practices to ensure that we respect their emotional well-being, just as we would for other humans.(如果动物能感受到快乐、痛苦、恐惧和悲伤，那么我们对待它们的方式就成为一个重要的伦理考量。我们可能需要调整我们的做法，以确保我们尊重它们的情感健康，就像对待其他人类一样)”可推知，我们在动物农业中的现有做法可能需要改进。故选D。
11．主旨 大意题。根据最后一段中“This new understanding of animal emotions has significant implications.(这种对动物情感的新理解具有重大意义)”以及后文内容可知，最后一段主要讲述了对动物情感的新理解对人类与动物关系的影响，如挑战我们重新评估在动物养殖和野生动物旅游等方面与动物的关系，以及需要调整做法以尊重动物情感福祉等，所以主要内容是理解动物情感对人类与动物关系的影响。故选C。
三、阅读单选（5题）
【知识点】情节发展、科普知识、细节理解、词义猜测、说明文
【答案】
12．A
13．D
14．D
15．C
16．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了运气属于有准备的人，介绍了和幸运相关的一项研究，指出“幸运”的人，其实是保持开放的心态，每天都不走同样的路，应该试着把坏运气变成好运气。
【详解】
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“‘Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity,’ said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. I’ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it’s probably worth listening to.(美国脱口秀主持人奥普拉·温弗瑞说：“运气是一个准备会议的机会。”我从未看过她的节目，但当一位白手起家的亿万富翁给出人生建议时，这可能值得一听。)”推知，作者会同意A选项“成功属于有准备的人”这个观点。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I’ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it’s probably worth listening to.(我从未看过她的节目，但当一位白手起家的亿万富翁给出人生建议时，这可能值得一听。)”可知，奥普拉·温弗瑞靠自己的努力获得了成功。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段“Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you’re a Chinese, you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.(她的观点是，盲目的运气是非常罕见的。如今，你可能很幸运地找到了一份好工作，但这并不意味着你应该坐在家里等待机会来找你。如果你是中国人，你可能已经熟悉一个农民在树桩旁等待兔子跑出来摔断脖子的故事。)”推知，作者引用“守株待兔”的故事来进一步说明个人努力的重要性，绝不要等着机会到来。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“People who are ‘lucky’, in fact, keep an open mind and don’t go through the same routine every day.(“幸运”的人，其实是保持开放的心态，每天都不走同样的路。)”可知，怀斯曼从实验中得出结论：幸运的人往往思想开放。故选C。
16．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why On the second page of the newspaper, a command, ‘Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper,’ was written in big letters.(平均而言，不幸的人花了大约两分钟来数照片，而幸运的人只花了几秒钟。为什么？在报纸的第二页，用大字写着一条命令：“停止计数。这份报纸上有43张照片。”)”可知，幸运的人只花了几秒钟就发现了这条信息，而不幸的人大多没有发现这个信息。故画线词意思是“发现”。故选A。
四、完形（20空）
【知识点】that/which引导的限制性定语从句、一般过去时的基本用法和结构、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、可数名词及其单、复数、并列连词、序数词、形容词作表语、环境保护、现在分词的一般式：doing、表示数量、范围、记叙文
【答案】
17．seventh 18．thinking 19．to educate 20．which/that 21．and 22．harmful 23．excited 24．was 25．representative 26．from
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
【解析】17．考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，　　2　　 (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
19．考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，　　3　　 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
20．考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， 　　4　　 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
21．考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
22．考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
23．考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
24．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
25．考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
26．考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
五、七选五阅读
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【答案】27．D 28．F 29．G 30．A 31．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过多个实验和研究，探讨了外貌、相似性、情境等因素对人们是否愿意提供帮助的影响。
【详解】27．上文提到“People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a non-disabled woman. (如果请求捐款的人是一位坐轮椅的残疾女性，而不是一位没有残疾的女性，那么大学校园里的人更有可能向“March of Dimes”捐款。)”这表明人们是否提供帮助受到某些因素的影响。D项“We are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think deserve assistance. (我们更愿意帮助那些我们出于某种原因喜欢的人以及我们认为值得帮助的人。)”与上文呼应，进一步解释了这种倾向，故答案选D。
28．下文提到“Results showed that people were more likely to mail the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. (结果显示，如果照片中的人外貌吸引人，人们更有可能寄出申请。)”，说明长相的重要性。F项“In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. (在某些情况下，外貌吸引人的人更有可能得到帮助。)”与下文相呼应，说明外貌吸引力对帮助行为的影响，故答案选F。
29．上文提到“The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. (潜在帮助者与需要帮助者之间的相似程度也很重要。)”这里指出相似性的重要性。G项“People are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. (人们更愿意帮助来自同一国家的陌生人，而不是外国人。)”与上文相呼应，具体说明了相似性对帮助行为的影响，故答案选G。
30．下文提到“For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone money to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for health than cookies. (例如，超市里的顾客更有可能给某人钱去买牛奶，而不是去买饼干，这可能是因为牛奶被认为比饼干对健康更重要。)”说明人们看中不同物品的价值。A项“Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. (一个人是否得到帮助部分取决于案件的“价值”。)”引出了另一个影响帮助行为的因素——情境的价值，与下文的实验相呼应，故答案选A。
31．上文提到“Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be sick rather than drunk. (纽约地铁的乘客更有可能帮助一个看起来生病而不是醉酒倒在地上的人。)”说明了情境对帮助行为的影响。B项“It’s interesting to consider the factors that influence whether or not someone will offer help to another person. (考虑影响一个人是否会向另一个人提供帮助的因素是很有趣的。)”总结了文章的主题，与上文的实验和研究相呼应，故答案选B。
六、语篇
【知识点】who/whom引导的限制性定语从句、其他介词、副词作状语、动词不定式作定语、可数名词及其单、复数、天气气候、宾语从句的连接词、形容词性物主代词、现在分词作状语、现在完成时、现在完成时的被动语态、记叙文、过去分词作定语
【答案】32．invited 33．independently 34．grades 35．that 36．to/with 37．their 38．to attract 39．have tracked/have been tracking 40．who/whom 41．advising
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两名青少年受邀请参加联合国气候变化大会相关活动，回国后持续关注气候变化并在深圳举办主题活动的故事。
【详解】32．考查非谓语动词。句意：两名青少年作为青年代表被邀请参加第28届联合国气候变化大会(COP28)的一个边会，他们在广东省深圳市举办了自己的活动以鼓励环境保护。invite(邀请)在句中作后置定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Two teenagers之间被动关系，用过去分词表。故填invited。
33．考查副词。句意：这两名分别以英文名亚瑟和卡特为人所知的青少年，独立开展了一项调查，以了解6至12年级的学生如何认识气候变化。修饰动词conducted，用副词independently作状语，意为“独立地”。故填independently。
34．考查名词复数。句意：这两名分别以英文名亚瑟和卡特为人所知的青少年，独立开展了一项调查，以了解6至12年级的学生如何认识气候变化。这里指6到12年级，可数名词grade(年级)用复数形式。故填grades。
35．考查宾语从句。句意：调查显示，约25%的深圳学生对应对全球变暖兴趣不大，90%的学生具备将二氧化碳排放与气候变化联系起来的基本知识。“90 percent had basic knowledge linking carbon dioxide emissions...”是并列的宾语从句，从句句意完整，不缺成分，用连词that引导该从句，且第二个宾语从句中that不能省略。故填that。
36．考查介词。句意：调查显示，约25%的深圳学生对应对全球变暖兴趣不大，90%的学生具备将二氧化碳排放与气候变化联系起来的基本知识。“link...to/with...”是固定搭配，意为“把……和……联系起来”。故填to/with。
37．考查代词。句意：12岁时，受热衷慈善事业的父母的影响，这两名青少年对气候变化产生了热情。提示词修饰名词parents，用形容词性物主代词their作定语，意为“他们的”。故填their。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们为吸引同龄人参与气候讨论所做的努力，使他们获得了在COP28边会“运河城市：气候风暴之眼”上发言的邀请。名词effort后面常用动词不定式作后置定语，effort to do...意为“做……的努力”。故填to attract。
39．考查时态。句意：回国后，兄弟俩一直在追踪气候变化信息。track(追踪)是谓语动词，结合时间状语“Since their return”可知，描述从过去一直持续到现在，且很可能会继续下去的行为，所以句子要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，即have tracked或have been tracking。故填have tracked/have been tracking。
40．考查定语从句。句意：周二，他们在深圳举办了一场名为“气候变化与青年力量”的主题活动，邀请了一家公司的创始人、环境可持续发展倡导者王(他们在COP28上见过此人)。“____ they met at COP28”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Wang，指人，从句缺少宾语，用关系代词who或者whom引导从句。故填who/whom。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：王参加过14届联合国气候变化大会，经验丰富，他分享了关于红树林保护和零碳校园的见解，建议年轻人在生活中增强气候意识。advise(建议)在句中作伴随状语，与其逻辑主语Wang之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词表主动。故填advising。
七、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、其他应用文、日常活动
42．【答案】
Dear fellow students,
With the development of society and economy, many cities are faced with serious environmental problems, which do great harm to people’s health. In order to protect our environment, it is high time that we should go green.
Firstly, we should raise people's awareness of going green. Secondly, using public transportation or riding bicycles instead of driving cars can make a great difference, which reduce greenhouse effect. What's more, we should save water, electricity, paper, food and so on. Last but not least, it is a good idea to classify our rubbish and recycle it in our daily life.
Let’s make joint efforts to create a green and harmonious environment.
the Students Union
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校即将举行主题为“Let’s go green now”的一项环保活动写一封倡议书。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
面临：be faced with→ be confronted with
为了：in order to → so as to
首先：Firstly → First of all
减少：reduce→ decrease
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Let’s make joint efforts to create a green and harmonious environment.
拓展句：Let’s make joint efforts so that we can create a green and harmonious environment.
【点睛】【高分句型1】With the development of society and economy, many cities are faced with serious environmental problems, which do great harm to people’s health.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】In order to protect our environment, it is high time that we should go green.（运用了虚拟语气固定句型）
八、读后续写
【知识点】一般过去时的基本用法和结构、家庭、朋友与周围的人、日常活动、记叙文
43．【答案】
Liza headed to the school exit and called her mother, crying uncontrollably. Soon her mother arrived at the school and gave her the package Pam had left for her. “Your grandmother left this for you, just in case,” her mother said gently. Liza’s tears slowed as she opened the package. Inside was the dress Pam had made, the one she had rejected so harshly. She smiled through her tears, feeling a wave of gratitude. “Grandma always thought of every possibility. It seems that she has saved me this time,” she said. Liza took the dress and went to the restroom to get changed.
Returning to the hall in her grandmother’s dress, Liza felt a mix of nervousness and hope. As she stepped inside, the room fell silent for a moment. Everyone turned to look at her, their eyes widening in surprise. “Wow, Liza, where did you get that dress ” Mary exclaimed. “It’s beautiful!” another classmate added. Liza’s heart swelled with pride and joy as boys and girls praised her dress. “My grandmother made it for me,” she said proudly. After the prom, Liza couldn’t wait to see her grandmother to apologize and thank her for everything.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，文章主要讲述了起初Liza渴望昂贵的设计师礼服，对祖母做的裙子不屑一顾，然而设计师礼服被毁后，她穿上祖母做的裙子获得朋友的赞美，从而意识到裙子的美在于包含的爱，进而对自己之前的行为感到愧疚。
【详解】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Liza前往学校出口并打电话给母亲，控制不住地哭泣。”可知，第一段可描写妈妈给丽莎送来裙子，丽莎既感动又感恩，感受到了祖母的爱。
②由第二段首句内容“Liza穿着祖母的衣服回到大厅时感到即紧张又充满希望希望。”可知，第二段可描写丽莎的裙子受到朋友的称赞，丽莎感到很骄傲，并在舞会后向祖母道歉。
2．续写线索：妈妈送来裙子——感动以及感恩——穿上裙子——朋友称赞——感到骄傲——向祖母道歉
3．词汇激活
行为类
①到达：arrive at/get to
②拒绝：reject/decline/refuse
③惊叫：exclaim/scream
情绪类
①感谢：gratitude/thankfulness
②惊讶：in surprise/in amazement
【点睛】【高分句型1】Liza’s tears slowed as she opened the package.（由as引导的状语从句）
【高分句型2】Inside was the dress Pam had made, the one she had rejected so harshly.（运用了倒装句和省略关系词的定语从句）
【高分句型3】She smiled through her tears, feeling a wave of gratitude.（运用了现在分词作状语）
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二译林版【2019】必修第三册英语综合强化提高练习试卷3【含详细答案word版】
一、阅读单选（3题）（本大题共1小题）
D
Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
1． What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code
A．Living conditions were the drive. B．Unwritten rules were the target.
C．Social tradition was the basis. D．Honesty was the key.
2． What can we learn from this passage
A．Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B．Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C．Language capacity is limited by self-control. D．Written laws have great influence on virtues.
3． Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-discipline
C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality
二、阅读单选（4题）（本大题共2小题）
Astronomers have uncovered the feeding schedule of a supermassive black hole, revealing that it consumes material about every three and a half years. The discovery provides key information about mysterious cosmic (宇宙的) forces, deepening scientists’ understanding of how the universe is formed.
Astronomers first noticed the black hole’s activity when the galaxy it resides in experienced a significant increase in brightness in 2018. They identified this as a tidal (潮汐的) disruption (扰乱) event, which occurs when a star is torn apart by the intense gravitational (引力的) forces of a black hole. As the star was pulled apart, its material heated up, producing X-ray and ultraviolet light that was observed by the telescopes. This emission eventually faded, suggesting that the black hole had consumed the matter.
However, about two years later, the X-ray and UV light from the galaxy broke up again. This unexpected resurgence (复苏) suggested that the star had only been partially consumed during its first encounter, with more material being taken away as it approached the black hole again.
The astronomers learned that the star had moved into a highly extended orbit around the black hole after the first encounter. When it eventually approached again, the galaxy lit up with X-ray and UV light as more of the star’s material was consumed. This discovery allowed the scientists to calculate the star’s orbital period, helping them learn that the black hole consumes material approximately every three and a half years.
On these grounds, the team predicts that the black hole’s next encounter with the star will begin between May and August 2025, although it is expected to be smaller, as most of the star has already been destroyed.
4．What is the significance of the discovery of the feeding schedule of a black hole
A．It led to scientists’ discovery of a supermassive black hole.
B．It made the formation of the black hole known to scientists.
C．It changed scientists’ views about the threat from black holes.
D．It broadened scientists’ knowledge of the power of the universe.
5．What made the black hole’s activity discovered
A．The powerful gravitational pull of a black hole. B．The X-ray and UV light released by the star.
C．A sudden decrease in the galaxy’s brightness. D．A sharp rise in radio signals from the galaxy.
6．What does the author imply in paragraph 3
A．The star had the ability to recover. B．The black hole had unstable forces.
C．The star partly survived the black hole. D．The star shone before being pulled apart.
7．Which of the following statements is true according to the team’s prediction
A．The black hole’s feeding schedule will be changed.
B．The next encounter will take place outside the orbit.
C．The next encounter will be tinier than the previous one.
D．The star will be completely consumed by the black hole.
Like most other parrots, parakeets(长尾小鹦鹉) are known to have the ability to copy human speech. Now a new study has found that when parakeets make sounds, their brains work similarly to the way human brains function when we speak.
The study was led by Michael Long, a professor at New York University. Long’s team focused on common parakeets, also known as budgerigars or budgies. They placed tiny probes(探针) into the brains of four birds to keep track of their brain activity as they made sounds, focusing on a part of the brain called the anterior arcopallium (AAC), which is known to affect vocal muscles, which are muscles related to voice.
They found that certain brain cells(细胞) became active when the birds made specific sounds. Some cells seemed to be involved in producing consonants, and others created vowels. Some showed activity when the birds made high sounds, while other cells lit up for low sounds. This simple system allows parakeets to combine different sounds to make complex calls. Long described it as a “beautiful solution” for sound production.
In human brains, specific brain cell activity is connected with certain movements of the lips or tongue. This is the first time scientists have identified a similar language “map” in the brain of a nonhuman animal. The researchers think it’s possible that other parrots also have a similar set up in their brains.
Long’s team also studied zebra pared to parakeets, the finches’ brains have complex systems. But these can make only simple songs and cannot copy human speech.
Researching how language works in bird brains could help scientists better understand how it works in the human brain. This could lead to solutions for speech injuries in humans. Long said that discovering insights from animals is “an important way to develop new treatments for speech disorders.”
8．What is the function of tiny probes
A．To study the structure of AAC. B．To record parakeets’ brain response.
C．To help parakeets make sounds. D．To change parakeets’ muscular system.
9．What can we know about parakeets’ brain cells
A．They work in a puzzling way. B．They fail to mix different sounds.
C．They only process high sounds. D．They react to sounds differently.
10．Which is the new finding about parakeets
A．Ability to sing beautiful songs. B．Talent for copying human speech.
C．Speech-linked brain activity. D．Higher intelligence than zebra finches.
11．Which aspect of the study does the last paragraph mainly focus on
A．The method. B．The process. C．The significance. D．The future.
三、阅读单选（5题）（本大题共1小题）
To put it simply, stress can be the father of growth, while a crisis can be the mother of innovation. The notion that great good can emerge from great adversity (逆境) is as old as the legend of the great phoenix (凤凰), who not only arises but soars to new heights from its own ashes.
In 1598, William Shakespeare penned the play As You Like It. One of the most famous lines from that play is spoken in Act 2 Scene 1 by Duke Senior, “Sweet are the uses of adversity which, like the toad (癞蛤蟆), ugly and venomous, wears yet a precious jewel in his head.” Even 500 years ago, the potential value of adversity was recognized, not by a great healer, but by a great playwright. Can this really be the case
Fast-forward to the great silent film star Mary Pickford. She was called the most popular actress in the world in the 1910s and 1920s. Failing to continue acting with the advent of the “talkies”(movies with recorded sound), she co-founded the film company United Artists. Shifting her talents to producing and directing, she became the most powerful woman in the entertainment industry. She once noted, “You may have a fresh start any moment you choose, for this thing that we call ‘failure’ is not the falling down, but the staying down.”
Rather than fear and try to avoid adversity, perhaps we should accept the inevitability (必然) of adversity and prepare for it. Indeed, positive things can emerge from adversity.
Adversity reveals true opportunities for those preparing to take advantage. Dr. John Krumboltz’s happenstance theory states that career and life development is best fostered by preparing for opportunities that you may not know even exist in the current moment. Numerous unpredictable factors are potentially shaping the future. These include the crises adversity brings.
In Friedrich Nietzsche’s book, Behold the Man, the German philosopher writes that a person who has “turned out well” could be recognized by the ability to take advantage of and prosper from adversity, just as he wrote before, “What does not kill him makes him stronger.”
So, the next time adversity enters your life, will you run from it, or will you embrace it and use it as a step ping stone to greater happiness and success
12．Why does the author quote the line from Shakespeare’s play
A．To emphasize the great wisdom of Shakespeare.
B．To highlight the beauty of Shakespeare’s language.
C．To challenge the conventional belief regarding adversity.
D．To show the long-standing recognition of adversity’s value.
13．What is conveyed through Mary Pickford’s story
A．Fame can block one’s achievements.
B．Strong determination overcomes adversity.
C．Accepting adversity results in positive outcomes.
D．Courage in the face of challenges leads to success.
14．What is the idea behind Krumboltz’s happenstance theory
A．Embracing uncertainty. B．Managing life’s challenges.
C．Seizing hidden opportunities. D．Focusing on personal growth.
15．What is the author’s attitude towards adversity
A．Cautious. B．Favorable. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful.
16．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Finding value and opportunity in facing adversity.
B．Stress as the primary cause of growth and innovation.
C．How to avoid adversity and negative experiences in life.
D．Historical figures who failed to overcome adversity effectively.
四、完形（20空）（本大题共1小题）
A little boy always thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world because a disease made him lame. He 17 played with his classmates. When the teacher asked him to answer questions，he always 18 his head without a word.
One 19 ， the boy’s father asked for some saplings (树苗) from the neighbor. He wanted the 20 to plant a sapling each person in front of the house. The father said， “Whose sapling grows best， I will buy him or her a favorite 21 .” Seeing his brothers and sisters watering the trees，the boy had an idea. He hoped that the tree he planted would 22 soon. So，after watering it once or twice，he never 23 it.
A few days later，when the little boy went to see his tree again，he was 24 to find that it didn’t fade but grew some fresh leaves. 25 the trees of his brothers and sisters，his tree was even greener. His father kept his 26 ，bought the little boy his favorite gift and said that from the tree he planted，he would become an outstanding 27 when he grew up.
Since then, the little boy slowly became 28 . One night， he lay on the bed but couldn’t fall asleep. Then he got up and came to the 29 . To his surprise，his 30 was splashing(喷洒) something onto his tree. 31 ，he understood his father had been 32 fertilizing his small tree！ He returned to his room, 33 running down.
34 passed. The little boy didn’t become a botanist， but he was elected President of the United States. His name was Franklin Roosevelt.
Love is the 35 nourishment (营养) of life. 36 it is just a drop of clear water， it can still help the tree thrive (茁壮成长).
17．A．bravely B．seldom C．freely D．always
18．A．raised B．nodded C．lowered(降低) D．knocked
19．A．spring B．moment C．winter D．week
20．A．neighbors B．friends C．children D．boys
21．A．car B．tree C．gift D．toy
22．A．die B．grow C．break D．survive
23．A．led to B．attended to(照料) C．belonged to D．objected to
24．A．pleased B．upset C．worried D．surprised
25．A．Compared with(相比较) B．Similar to C．Connected to D．Popular with
26．A．request B．schedule C．promise D．goal
27．A．president B．botanist(植物学家) C．doctor D．teacher
28．A．smart B．sorry C．optimistic(乐观的) D．useful
29．A．field B．courtyard C．park D．farm
30．A．brother B．sister C．father D．neighbor
31．A．All of a sudden B．For a moment C．In time D．From then on
32．A．busily B．quietly C．freely D．secretly
33．A．water B．tears C．sweat D．rain
34．A．Hours B．Months C．Decades(数十年) D．Centuries
35．A．last B．only C．least D．best
36．A．Even if B．Now that C．If only D．What if
五、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Fear of Missing Out
It’s a common experience: You’re scrolling through a social media page, and you see pictures of friends traveling or going to parties. Suddenly you start to wonder why you’re not doing those things. Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you’re locked into everyday life This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out, sometimes abbreviated(缩写) FOMO. 37 But with the rise of social media, FOMO is becoming much more common.
Wanting to be in on the fun when exciting things are happening is completely normal. But for some people, it can lead to an addiction to checking their phones to find out what other people are doing. Even while doing things that are fun or necessary, people can feel like there’s something better going on elsewhere. This urge to connect can lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with. 38 It can even be dangerous: some people try to check messages while driving.
Remember that what people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall. People tend to pick and choose the things they share, so we only ever know a small part of anyone else’s life.
39 You cannot be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting or productive, and that’s OK.
It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while. 40 You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media. By stepping away for a time, you can help keep other people’s lives in perspective.
Finally, focus on the things in front of you. Enjoy them, do them well and let everything else go. 41
Don’t let the fear of missing out cause you to miss out on the good things you have in life. Relax, enjoy what you do and let other people enjoy their lives without envying them.
A．To some extent, people have always worried about missing out on things.
B．Without the social media you will get unconnected with the whole world.
C．It also prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives.
D．When you fully engage with life, you’ll worry less about what you’re not doing.
E．Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that’s happening in the world.
F．It’s difficult to connect with the reasons why you choose not to participate.
G．It’s also important to be humble and acknowledge your limitations.
六、语篇（本大题共1小题）
语法填空
Humans have always been dreaming of exploring the universe, but before the mid-20th century, it was considered 42 impossible dream. However, the tireless efforts of scientists finally paid off. For example, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world 43 (go) into space. Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, which was regarded 44 a giant leap for mankind. Although scientists tried to ensure the safety of astronauts, accidents still happened, 45 (make) everyone sad and disappointed. Despite the huge risks, the desire to explore the universe never died because people believe in the importance of carrying on space 46 (explore). China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, 47 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
七、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
48．假定你是校报专栏的编辑李华，请给你的留学生朋友Alice写邮件邀请她为“健康生活”专栏写一篇文章。内容包括：
1.报纸栏目介绍；
2.具体的投稿时间和要求。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：栏目column/section
Dear Alice,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
八、读后续写（本大题共1小题）
49．阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mark’s brother, Jamie, rang Mrs. Grady’s doorbell. “You know her better than I do, Mark. You do the talking.”
“Hi, Mrs. Grady,” said Mark, when their neighbor opened her door. “Would you like us to shovel (铲雪) your sidewalk and driveway ”
Shoveling was Jamie’s idea, a way to earn enough money for the new Ocean Kingdom video game that came out the next day.
Mrs. Grady touched her hand to her heart. “That would be wonderful, boys. I think the job is getting to be too much for me.”
“It will cost 10 dollars,” Jamie said.
“If that’s OK,” Mark added.
“Oh dear. “Mrs. Grady sounded disappointed. “I haven’t been able to get to the bank. I can offer homemade cookies, but I realize that’s not what you had in mind.”
Mark was going to say that MIrs. Grady could pay them another time, but Jamie cut him off. “We’ll come back later. “
As they walked with an effort through the snow out of Mrs. Grady’s driveway, Mark glanced over his shoulder. Mrs. Grady stood at her window, watching them.
She didn’t look like the person who’d come to his rescue last summer when Mr. Dunn's collie (牧羊犬), Goldie, escaped from her backyard. Goldie had just wanted to play, but Mark didn't feel comfortable around big dogs. And Goldie had boxed him in between the wooden fence (栅栏) and the cedar hedge (雪松树篱).
Mark had tried to call for his dad, but his tongue seemed locked behind his teeth.
Then Mrs. Grady’s front door had flown open. “Hold on, Mark. I’m coming!” Her apron had waved in the wind like a flag as she stepped out across the street holding a kitchen broom. “Goldie!” she’d called. As soon as Goldie had turned her head, Mrs. Grady had slipped between Mark and the dog. She wasn’t much taller than Mark, but she’d stood firm as a rock in front of him as she threw her arm out toward Mr. Dunn’s house. “Goldie, go home!” Then she’d swept her broom to hurry the dog along. “Get!” Goldie had obeyed.
When Mark’s father had appeared at their side, he’d said to Mrs. Grady,“That was very brave! Thank you. ” Mrs. Grady had laughed. “It was nothing. Good neighbors watch out for each other, don’t they ”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
And now Mrs. Grady needed Mark as much as he’d needed her last summer.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As the boys worked, Mrs. Grady opened her door, stepping out with an old cookie tin under her arm.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、阅读单选（3题）
【答案】
1． C
2． B
3． D
【分析】文章通过弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的介绍引入主题,探讨了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类共同的社会本能和学习机制之中。
【详解】
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Here, norms were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart… Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged.”可知,在因纽特人的生活中,规范是不成文的,因纽特人的道德准则的形成是以各种社会传统为基础的。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句“These universal norms far pre date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.”可知,普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制,即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选B项。
3．主旨大意题。文章开头以弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述,引出了文章的中心词:道德准则,进而围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论,主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类共同的社会本能和学习机制之中。所以D项(道德的起源)适合作为本文的标题。故选D项。
二、阅读单选（4题）
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．C 7．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了天文学家发现超大质量黑洞约每三年半吞噬一次物质，通过观测恒星被撕裂释放的射线等，揭示其进食周期，助于理解宇宙形成。
【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“The discovery provides key information about mysterious cosmic (宇宙的) forces, deepening scientists’ understanding of how the universe is formed. (这一发现为有关神秘宇宙力量的诸多问题提供了关键信息，进一步加深了科学家们对于宇宙形成机制的理解。)”可知，黑洞进食时间表的发现拓展了科学家对宇宙力量的认识。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the star was pulled apart, its material heated up, producing X-ray and ultraviolet light that was observed by the telescopes. (当这颗恒星被撕裂时，其物质温度升高，产生了X射线和紫外线光，这些光被望远镜观测到了。)”可知，该恒星释放出的X射线和紫外线使得黑洞的活动得以被发现。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, about two years later, the X-ray and UV light from the galaxy broke up again. This unexpected resurgence (复苏) suggested that the star had only been partially consumed during its first encounter, with more material being taken away as it approached the black hole again. (然而，大约两年后，来自星系的X射线和紫外线再次分解。这种出乎意料的再度复苏表明，在它首次与黑洞相遇时，该恒星只是被部分吞噬了，而在再次靠近黑洞的过程中，又有更多的物质被吸走了。)”可知，这颗恒星在一定程度上逃过了黑洞的吞噬。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“On these grounds, the team predicts that the black hole’s next encounter with the star will begin between May and August 2025, although it is expected to be smaller, as most of the star has already been destroyed. (基于这些情况，研究团队预测，黑洞与这颗恒星的下一次相遇将在2025年5月至8月之间发生，不过预计这次相遇的规模会较小，因为大部分恒星已经遭到破坏。)”可知，C选项“下一次的相遇规模将会小于之前的那次。”正确。故选C。
【答案】
8．B
9．D
10．C
11．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于长尾小鹦鹉（parakeets）大脑活动的新研究，发现它们在发出声音时，大脑的工作方式与人类说话时的大脑活动相似。这一发现可能有助于科学家更好地理解人类大脑的语言机制，并为治疗人类语言障碍提供新的思路。
【详解】
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“They placed tiny probes(探针) into the brains of four birds to keep track of their brain activity as they made sounds, focusing on a part of the brain called the anterior arcopallium (AAC), which is known to affect vocal muscles, which are muscles related to voice.[他们将微小的探针放入四只鸟的大脑中，以跟踪它们发出声音时的大脑活动，重点关注大脑中称为前额叶皮层（AAC）的部分，众所周知，前额叶皮层会影响与声音相关的肌肉——声带肌。]”可知，微型探针的作用是记录长尾小鹦鹉发出声音时的大脑反应。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“They found that certain brain cells(细胞) became active when the birds made specific sounds. Some cells seemed to be involved in producing consonants, and others created vowels. Some showed activity when the birds made high sounds, while other cells lit up for low sounds.(他们发现，当鸟类发出特定的声音时，某些脑细胞会变得活跃。一些细胞似乎参与了辅音的产生，而另一些细胞则产生了元音。一些细胞在鸟类发出高音时表现出活动，而其他细胞在发出低音时则会发光。)”可知，长尾小鹦鹉的脑细胞对声音的反应不同。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“Now a new study has found that when parakeets make sounds, their brains work similarly to the way human brains function when we speak.(现在一项新的研究发现，当长尾小鹦鹉发出声音时，它们的大脑工作方式与我们说话时人类大脑的工作方式相似。)”以及第四段“In human brains, specific brain cell activity is connected with certain movements of the lips or tongue. This is the first time scientists have identified a similar language ‘map’ in the brain of a nonhuman animal. The researchers think it’s possible that other parrots also have a similar set up in their brains.(在人脑中，特定的脑细胞活动与嘴唇或舌头的某些运动有关。这是科学家首次在非人类动物的大脑中发现类似的语言“地图”。研究人员认为，其他鹦鹉的大脑也可能有类似的结构。)”可知，关于长尾小鹦鹉的新发现是与语言相关的大脑活动。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Researching how language works in bird brains could help scientists better understand how it works in the human brain. This could lead to solutions for speech injuries in humans. Long said that discovering insights from animals is ‘an important way to develop new treatments for speech disorders.’(究鸟类大脑的语言工作机制可以帮助科学家更好地了解人类大脑的语言工作机制。研研究语言在鸟类大脑中的工作方式可以帮助科学家更好地了解它在人脑中的工作原理。这可能会导致人类言语损伤的解决方案。Long说，从动物身上发现见解是“开发言语障碍新疗法的重要途径。”)”可知，最后一段主要关注的是研究的未来意义，强调研究对人类语言障碍治疗的潜在影响，属于未来应用。故选C项。
三、阅读单选（5题）
【答案】12．D 13．C 14．C 15．B 16．A
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述要积极面对逆境，在逆境中寻找自我价值和机会。
【解析】12．推理判断题。由文章第二段“One of the most famous lines from that play is spoken in Act 2 Scene 1 by Duke Senior, ‘Sweet are the uses of adversity which, like the toad(癞蛤蟆), ugly and venomous, wears yet a precious jewel in his head.’ Even 500 years ago, the potential value of adversity was recognized, not by a great healer, but by a great playwright. (该剧最著名的台词之一是老公爵在第二幕第1场中说的，‘甜蜜是对逆境的利用，就像癞蛤蟆一样，又丑又毒，头上还戴着一颗珍贵的宝石。’即使在500年前，逆境的潜在价值也得到了认可，不是由一位伟大的治疗师，而是由一位了不起的剧作家写就。)”可知，作者引用莎士比亚戏剧中的一句话，以表明人们长期以来对逆境价值的认识。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Fast-forward to the great silent film star Mary Pickford. She was called the most popular actress in the world in the 1910s and 1920s. Failing to continue acting with the advent of the ‘talkies’(movies with recorded sound), she co-founded the film company United Artists. Shifting her talents to producing and directing, she became the most powerful woman in the entertainment industry. (快进到伟大的无声电影明星Mary Pickford。她被称为1910年代和1920年代世界上最受欢迎的女演员。随着‘有声电影’（有录音的电影）的出现，她未能继续表演，她与人共同创立了电影公司联合艺术家。她将自己的才华转移到制作和导演上，成为娱乐圈最有权势的女性。)”可知，从Mary Pickford的故事中我们可知，接受逆境会带来积极的结果。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Adversity reveals true opportunities for those preparing to take advantage. Dr. John Krumboltz’s happenstance theory states that career and life development is best fostered by preparing for opportunities that you may not know even exist in the current moment. Numerous unpredictable factors are potentially shaping the future. (逆境为那些准备利用的人揭示了真正的机会。John Krumboltz博士的偶然性理论指出，职业和生活的发展最好通过为你可能不知道的机会做准备来促进。许多不可预测的因素正在潜在地塑造未来。)”可知，John Krumboltz偶然性理论背后的理念是抓住隐藏的机会。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Rather than fear and try to avoid adversity, perhaps we should accept the inevitability (必然) of adversity and prepare for it. Indeed, positive things can emerge from adversity.(与其害怕和试图避免逆境，也许我们应该接受逆境的必然性并做好准备。事实上，积极的事情可以从逆境中产生。)”可知，作者对经历逆境的态度是赞许的。故选B项。
16．主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Rather than fear and try to avoid adversity, perhaps we should accept the inevitability (必然) of adversity and prepare for it. Indeed, positive things can emerge from adversity.(与其害怕和试图避免逆境，也许我们应该接受逆境的必然性并做好准备。事实上，积极的事情可以从逆境中产生。)”和最后一段“So, the next time adversity enters your life, will you run from it, or will you embrace it and use it as a step ping stone to greater happiness and success (那么，下次逆境进入你的生活时，你会逃离它，还是会拥抱它，把它当作通往更大幸福和成功的垫脚石？)”以及上下文可知，文章主要阐述要积极面对逆境，在逆境中寻找自我价值和机会。故选A项。
四、完形（20空）
【答案】
17．B；
18．C；
19．A；
20．C；
21．C；
22．A；
23．B；
24．D；
25．A；
26．C；
27．B；
28．C；
29．B；
30．C；
31．A；
32．D；
33．B；
34．C；
35．D；
36．A
【分析】
本文为记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统罗斯福小时候的故事，爸爸通过种树这件事，用爱帮助他找回了信心，长大后当选为美国总统，最后成就伟大事业。
17．
考查副词词义辨析。句意: 他很少和同学们玩。A. bravely勇敢地；B. seldom很少；C. freely自由地；D. always总是。根据“A little boy almost thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world because a disease made his leg lame.” 一个小男孩几乎认为自己是世界上最不幸的孩子，因为一种疾病使他的腿跛了，可知他很少和同学玩。故选B项。
18．
考查动词词义辨析。句意: 当老师让他回答问题时，他总是一言不发地低着头。A. raised抬起，筹集；B. nodded点头；C. lowered低下；D. knocked敲。根据上下文的内容可知，因为残疾，他缺少自信，所以当老师提问他的时候，他总是低着头不说话。故选C项。
19．
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 一年春天，男孩的父亲向邻居要了一些树苗。A. spring春天；B. moment时刻；C. winter 冬天；D. week星期。根据“…asked for some saplings(树苗)from the neighbor”爸爸向邻居要了些树苗，可知春天是栽树的季节。故选A项。
20．
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他让孩子们在房子前面一人种一棵树。A. neighbors邻居；B. friends 朋友；C. children 孩子；D. boys男孩。根据“Seeing his brothers and sisters watering the trees”看到他的兄弟姐妹们在浇树可知，父亲让孩子们在房子前面一人种一棵树。故选C项。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他对孩子们说，谁种的树苗长得最好，就给他/她买一个礼物。A. car汽车；B. tree树；C. gift礼物；D. toy玩具。根据后文“…bought the little boy his favorite gift” 给小男孩买了他最喜欢的礼物。可知，谁种的树苗长得最好，就给他/她买一个礼物。故选C项。
22．
考查动词词义辨析。句意: 因为他的兄弟姐妹们都给树苗浇水，而他行动不便，于是他想出了一个主意：希望他的树苗赶快“死”去。A. die 死；B. grow成长；C. break打破；D. survive幸存。因为他的兄弟姐妹们都给树苗浇水，而他行动不便，于是他想出了一个主意：希望他的树苗赶快死去。以及“So, after watering it once or twice，he never it.” 所以，在浇了一两次水之后，他就再也没有看过它了。可知他希望自己的小树死掉。故选A项 。
23．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意: 在浇了一两次水以后，他再也不照顾小树了。A. led to导致；B. attended to照料；C. belonged to属于；D. objected to反对。在浇了一两次水以后，他再也不照顾小树了。根据常识可知，小树苗需要照顾。故选B项。
24．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 几天后，当小男孩再次去看他的树时，他惊讶地发现树没有凋谢，而是长出了一些新鲜的叶子。A. pleased高兴的；B. upset难过的；C. worried担心；D. surprised惊讶的。他本以为树苗会枯萎，结果却看到它长得很好，所以他感到吃惊。 故选D项。
25．
考查动词短语辨析。句意: 与他兄弟姐妹的树相比，他的树更绿。A. Compared with和…相比；B. Similar to相似；C. Connected to连接；D. Popular with受欢迎。分析语境可知，他是通过比较得到的了结果：他种的树比兄弟姐妹的更绿。故选A项。
26．
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他的父亲信守诺言，给小男孩买了他最喜欢的礼物，并说，从他种下的树上可以看出，他长大后会成为一名杰出的植物学家。A. request要求；B. schedule 时间表；C. promise许诺；D. goal 目标。根据“…bought the little boy his favorite gift” 给小男孩买了他最喜欢的礼物。可知，父亲遵守了他的承诺。故选C项。
27．
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他的父亲信守诺言，给小男孩买了他最喜欢的礼物，并说，从他种下的树上可以看出，他长大后会成为一名杰出的植物学家。A. president总统；B. botanist 植物学家；C. artist 艺术家；D. researcher研究者。根据“become a botanist”可知，从他种的树可以看出他会成为杰出的植物学家。故选B项。
28．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 自从那时起，男孩变得乐观了。A. smart聪明的；B. desperate渴望的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. practical实用的。因为得到了父亲的表扬，自从那时起，男孩变得乐观了”，故选C项。
29．
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 然后他起来，来到院子里。A. field田野；B. courtyard 院子；C. park公园；D. farm农场。根据上文“…in front of the house.”在房子的前面。可知，他睡不着，来到院子里。故选B项。
30．
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 令他吃惊的是，他父亲正在往树上泼东西。突然间，他明白了——他的父亲一直在秘密地给他的小树施肥！A. brother兄弟；B. sister姐妹；C. father 父亲；D. neighbor邻居。根据“his father had been 17 fertilizing his small tree!”他的父亲一直在给他的小树施肥。可知他的爸爸在树上撒东西，故选C项。
31．
考查介词词组词义辨析。句意: 令他吃惊的是，他父亲正在往树上泼东西。突然间，他明白了——他的父亲一直在秘密地给他的小树施肥！A. All of a sudden突然；B. For a moment片刻，一会儿；C. In time及时；D. From then on从那时起。突然，他明白了他的树苗之所以长得好，是爸爸一直在给他的树施肥。故选A项。
32．
考查副词词义辨析。句意: 令他吃惊的是，他父亲正在往树上泼东西。突然间，他明白了——他的父亲一直在秘密地给他的小树施肥！ A. busily繁忙地；B. quietly安静地；C. cautiously谨慎地；D. secretly秘密地。根据上文可知，小男孩没有照顾小树苗，小树苗去出奇地长得很好，因为这个男孩一直不知道，是爸爸一直在秘密地给小树苗施肥。故选D项。
33．
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他回到自己的房间，泪流满面。A. water 水；B. tears眼泪；C. sweat汗水；D. rain雨水。根据“running down”可知，他回到房间，眼泪流下来，被爸爸的举动感到了。故选B项。
34．
考查名词词义辨析。句意:几十年过去了。A. Hours小时；B. Months月；C. Decades几十年；D. Centuries世纪。一个人的一生应该是几十年时间，以及从后面的“but he was elected President of the United States ”但他被选为美国总统。可知从小孩到成为总统，要经过几十年才可以的。因此此处是指过去了几十年。故选C项。
35．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 爱是生活中最好的营养。A. 1ast最后的；B. only唯一的；C. 1east 最少的；D. best最好的。根据语境可知，此处是指爱是生活中最好的营养。故选D项。
36．
考查连词词义辨析。句意: 即使是一滴清水，也能帮助树茁壮成长。A. Even if即使；B. Now that既然；C. If only但愿；D. What if倘若。此处是指“即使（Even if）是一滴清水，也能帮助树茁壮成长”。所以本句为让步状语从句。故选A项。
五、七选五阅读
【答案】
37． A
38． C
39． G
40． E
41． D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了“错失恐惧症”的定义、表现、影响和解决方法。
【详解】
37． 上文“Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you’re locked into everyday life This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out, sometimes abbreviated FOMO.(你是否因为被困在日常生活中而错过了一些有趣和令人兴奋的事情？这种经历被称为“害怕错过”，有时简称为“错失恐惧症”。)”说明人们总是害怕错过一些东西。A选项“To some extent, people have always worried about missing out on things.(在某种程度上，人们总是担心会错过一些东西。)”符合文意。 “missing out”是关键词。故选A项。
38． 上文“This urge to connect can lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with.(这种联系的冲动会导致他们与真正在一起的人断开联系。)”说明社交控有着消极影响。下文“It can even be dangerous: some people try to check messages while driving.(这甚至可能是危险的：有些人试图在开车时查看信息。)”依旧说明社交控的消极影响。C选项“It also prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives.(这也会阻止他们对生活中美好的事物感到满足。)”符合文意。“prevents them from being satisfied with the good things”呼应“disconnect from the people”和“It can even be dangerous”。故选C项。
39． 下文“You cannot be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting or productive, and that’s OK.(你不可能无处不在，做每件有趣或有成效的事情，但那也没关系。)”说明人要认识到自身的局限性。G选项“It’s also important to be humble and acknowledge your limitations.(谦逊并承认自己的局限性也很重要。)”符合下文文意。“You cannot be everywhere and do everything”呼应“acknowledge your limitations”。故选G项。
40． 上文“It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while.(甚至有必要关掉手机或暂时退出社交媒体。)”说明我们需要摆脱提醒自己世界上发生事情的物品，填空处与暂时退出社交媒体有关。E选项“Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that’s happening in the world.(摆脱那些不断提醒你世界上正在发生的一切事情的东西。)”符合文意。“Get rid of”呼应“turn off your phone or log out of social media”。故选E项。
41． 上文“Finally, focus on the things in front of you. Enjoy them, do them well and let everything else go.(最后，把注意力集中在你面前的事物上。享受它们，做好它们，让其他的一切都过去。)”说明我们要集中注意在面前的事情上，填空处与集中注意有关。D选项“When you fully engage with life, you’ll worry less about what you’re not doing.(当你完全投入到生活中，你就不会那么担心你没有做什么。)”说明集中注意的积极影响，符合文意。故选D项。
六、语篇
【答案】42．an 43．to go 44．as 45．making 46．exploration 47．when
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类一直梦想探索宇宙，20世纪中叶后科学家努力让梦想成真，虽有事故，但探索欲望未灭，2003年中国杨利伟成功进入太空。
【详解】42．考查冠词。句意：人类一直梦想着探索宇宙，但在20世纪中叶之前，这被认为是一个遥不可及的梦想。dream为可数名词大叔，此处为泛指，且impossible是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，尤里·加加林成为了世界上第一个进入太空的人。名词由序数词修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to go。
44．考查介词。句意：尼尔·阿姆斯特朗踏上了月球，这一壮举被视为人类历史上的重大突破。短语be regarded as表示“被认为是”。故填as。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管科学家们竭力确保宇航员的安全，但事故还是发生了，这让所有人都感到悲伤和失望。此处make与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填making。
46．考查名词。句意：尽管存在巨大的风险，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消退，因为人们坚信继续进行太空探索具有重要意义。作介词的宾语，用名词exploration。故填exploration。
47．考查定语从句。句意：2003 年，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。当时，杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”飞船成功环绕地球飞行。定语从句修饰先行词2003，在从句作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句，故填when。
七、应用文写作
48．【答案】
Dear Alice,
I’d like to invite you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper, which is popular among us students, especially the articles about health.
The “Healthy Lifestyle” section carries a wide variety of articles written by foreign friends about their opinions on their balanced diet, healthy food, food safety or physical exercise. Since you are always having the good habit of keeping early hours, would you please share something about how to keep a healthy schedule By the way your article may have a title made up by yourself. You can also write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before August 2.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给留学生朋友Alice写封邮件，邀请她为“健康生活”专栏写一篇文章。内容包括∶1.报纸栏目介绍；2.具体的投稿时间和要求。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
观点：opinion→view
健康的：healthy→fit
各种各样的：a variety of→varieties of
只要：so long as→as long as
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The “Healthy Lifestyle” section carries a wide variety of articles written by foreign friends about their opinions on their balanced diet, healthy food, food safety or physical exercise.
拓展句：The “Healthy Lifestyle” section carries a wide variety of articles which are written by foreign friends about their opinions on their balanced diet, healthy food, food safety or physical exercise.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’d like to invite you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper, which is popular among us students, especially the articles about health. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Since you are always having the good habit of keeping early hours, would you please share something about how to keep a healthy schedule (运用了since引导的原因状语从句)
八、读后续写
49．【答案】 And now Mrs. Grady needed Mark as much as he’d needed her last summer. Mark stopped and looked at Jamie. “Remember when Mrs. Grady saved me from Goldie ” he asked. Jamie nodded. “She’s always been a great neighbor. Let’s help her for free.” At first, Jamie frowned, thinking about the video game they longed for. But then he sighed and nodded. “You’re right. She’s been so kind to us.” Without another word, the boys returned to Mrs. Grady’s house. When she opened the door, surprise lit up her face. “We’ve decided to do the job for free,” Mark said with a smile. Mrs. Grady was moved and her eyes welled up with tears. “Thank you, boys. You’re truly angels.”
As the boys worked, Mrs. Grady opened her door, stepping out with an old cookie tin under her arm. She sat on the steps, watching them shovel the snow. “These cookies are the least I can do,” she said. When they finished, Mark and Jamie’s faces were red from the cold, but they felt warm inside. Mrs. Grady handed them the tin, filled with delicious - looking chocolate - chip cookies. “I hope you come back to visit me, even without the snow,” she said. On the way home, the boys shared the cookies. “We may not have the video game money,” Jamie said, “but I feel better than if we’d earned it.” Mark nodded. “Yeah. Good neighbors really do watch out for each other.”
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，文章主要讲述Mark和Jamie想通过帮邻居Mrs. Grady铲雪赚钱买游戏，因Mrs. Grady无法支付现金而打算离开。但Mark想起去年Mrs. Grady从牧羊犬口中救自己的事，于是决定免费帮她铲雪，最终收获了Mrs. Grady的饼干和真挚感谢，展现邻里间互助与感恩的温情。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段内容“现在，Grady太太需要Mark的帮助，就像去年夏天他需要她那样。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：Mark忆及Grady太太昔日相助，提议免费帮她铲雪，Jamie应允，Grady太太感动致谢。
②由第二段首句内容“当男孩们劳作时，Grady太太打开门，腋下夹着一个旧饼干罐走了出来。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：男孩们免费帮Grady太太铲雪，她以饼干相赠，两人虽没赚到钱却深感邻里互助的温暖。
2.续写线索：Mark忆及昔日相助——免费帮Grady太太铲雪——Grady太太感动致谢——Grady太太以饼干相赠——深感邻里互助的温暖
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.拯救：save/rescue
②.帮助：help/assist/aid/do sb a favor
③.决定：decide/ determine
情绪类
①.惊讶：surprise /astonishment
②.感动的：moved/touched
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二译林版【2019】必修第三册英语综合强化提高练习试卷4【含详细答案word版】
一、阅读单选（3题）（本大题共1小题）
How to clean up and report suspicious wildlife deaths on your property How to report fish die-off
Call the fish die-off line whenever you find numbers of dead or dying fish, particularly if the fish show signs of disease. This will help you:
·understand diseases and how they spread
·improve disease management
·protect fish populations
If you discover a fish die-off, contact the Ministry of Natural Resources at 1-800-387-7011.
If you suspect the fish died as a result of a spill, call the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks Spills Action Centre at, 1-800-268-6060.
When you report a fish die-off, you will be asked for:
·your name
·address
·phone number
·details about the fish
·the location of the fishHow to report bird deaths
If you see significant numbers of dead birds in one location, or if you see a few dead wild birds, contact the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre at 1-866-673-4781.How to report bat deaths
To report any unusual bat activity (flying outside in daytime)or deaths, contact the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre at 1-866-673-4781, or the Ministry of Natural Resources at 1-800-387-7011. Dial 1-866-686-6072 for bats’ hearing impairment (损坏).Remove dead fish or wildlife from your property
Individual landowners are responsible for the cleanup of their own property.
In most cases, dead wild animals can be put in the garbage or buried.
If you are uncertain of disposal arrangements, contact your local municipality.
Municipalities are responsible for the public properties that they own. This includes municipally owned public beaches.
1．What should you do first when spotting quantities of dead fish
A．Make out signs of disease. B．Contact the fish die-off line.
C．Improve disease management. D．Find the cause of their death.
2．Which number is for reporting a bat with hearing problem
A．1-800-268-6060. B．1-866-673-4781.
C．1-800-387-7011. D．1-866-686-6072.
3．Who cleans up dead wildlife on private property
A．The landowner. B．Local municipality.
C．Wildlife Health Centre. D．Ministry of Natural Resources.
二、阅读单选（4题）（本大题共2小题）
The technical world is changing so rapidly that the power of personal computers has increased by a factor of nearly one thousand in only 15 years. By all accounts, it will increase by another factor of one thousand in the next 15 years. This enormous power has changed the way science and engineering is done, and there is no better example of this than Digital Signal Processing (DSP).
In the 1980s, DSP was taught as a graduate-level course in electrical engineering; a decade later, DSP became a standard part of the undergraduate courses; today, DSP is a basic skill needed by scientists and engineers in many fields. Despite the great change, DSP education has been inching along to adapt to it. Nearly all DSP textbooks are still written in the traditional electrical engineering style of strict mathematics, which discourages many scientistsand engineers.
Recognizing this, Steven Smith authored The Scientist and Engineer’s Guide to Digital Signal Processing by presenting practical techniques while avoiding the barriers of detailed mathematics and abstract theory. By doing so, Steven hopes more individuals from diverse fields such as physics, geology and various branches of engineering will take up the study of DSP.
In this book, the techniques are explained, not simply proven to be true through mathematical derivation (推导). While much of the mathematics is included, it is not used as the primary means of passing on the information—after all, nothing beats a few well-written paragraphs supported by good illustrations.
Most DSP programs attaching great importance to power and flexibility are written in C language or a similar language, but learning DSP is quite different than using DSP. The student needs to concentrate on the methods and techniques, without being distracted by the oddness of a particular language. The programs in this book are written to teach DSP in the most straightforward way, with all other factors being treated as secondary. Some may think that this book would be better if the programs had been written in C language, but I couldn’t disagree more. If Steven had used programs in C language, readers wouldn’t have felt as excellent as a highly skilled computer engineer.
4．What can we learn about DSP
A．It requires less computing power.
B．It lays the foundations for science.
C．It gets more popular and essential.
D．It remains unchanged in education.
5．What do the underlined words “inching along” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Slow-going. B．Time-consuming. C．Resource-limited. D．Well-established.
6．Why does Steven write this book
A．To offer basic DSP techniques. B．To avoid the use of theories.
C．To prove the value of mathematics. D．To broaden the DSP community.
7．What does Steven emphasize about computer programs in the book
A．Their simplicity. B．Their flexibility.
C．Their language. D．Their description.
Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway.
WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled particles (微粒) can enter the lungs and cause respiratory (呼吸的) problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.
Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were “hysterical”. They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance—like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe— its health effects are often minimal, experts say.
“Not all particles are created equal,” said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, “In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful.” And he said most Europeans’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.
Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. “The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven’t heard of any ill effects there,” he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was “over the top” and “a bit hysterical”
8．What can you team in paragraph 3
A．The volcanic ash had no impact on Europeans.
B．Other experts highly approved of WHO’s warnings.
C．The volcanic ash posed more risks than cigarette smoke.
D．Even healthy people could experience discomfort due to the ash.
9．According to Ken Donaldson, who are most likely to be at risk due to the volcanic ash
A．Europeans living in big cities.
B．People who often smoke cigarettes.
C．Those staying outdoors for a long time.
D．People in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano.
10．What does the underlined word “hysterical” in paragraph 5 most probably mean
A．Amazing. B．Practical. C．Valuable. D．Overstated.
11．What is the text mainly about
A．Panic caused by volcanic ash.
B．WHO’s warnings on volcanic ash.
C．Views on volcanic ash’s health risks.
D．Volcanic ash’s environmental effects.
三、阅读单选（5题）（本大题共1小题）
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies — and other creatures — learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights — and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papusek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
12．According to the author, babies learn to do things which ________.
A．are directly related to pleasure B．will meet their physical needs
C．will bring them a feeling of success D．will satisfy their curiosity
13．Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby ________.
A．would make learned responses when it saw the milk
B．would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C．would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D．would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
14．In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ________.
A．be rewarded with milk B．have the lights turned on
C．please their parents D．be praised
15．The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because ________.
A．the lights were directly related to some basic “drives”
B．the sight of the lights was interesting
C．they need not turn back to watch the lights
D．they succeeded in “switching on” the lights
16．According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of ________.
A．a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B．the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C．their strong desire to solve complex problems
D．a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
四、完形（20空）（本大题共1小题）
　　[全国Ⅰ2019]Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa．They 　1　 with them lots of waste．The 　2　 might damage the beauty of the place．The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the 　3　 of Kilimanjaro．
　　Hearing these stories, I’m 　4　 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences．
　　However, I soon 　5　 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 　6　 among tons of rubbish．I find a 　7　 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths．The environmental challenges are 　8　 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 　9　．
　　The best of a Kilimanjaro 　10　, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top．Mountains are　11　 as spiritual places by many cultures．This　12　 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 　13　 go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers．At the base is a rainforest．It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,　14　 lands of low growing plants．Further up, the weather 　15　—low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass．I 　16　 twelve shades of green from where I stand．Above 4,000 meters is the highland 　17　: gravel (砾石), stones and rocks． 　18　 you climb into an arctic like zone with 　19　 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear．
　　Does Kilimanjaro 　20　 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true．　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
17．A．keep B．mix C．connect D．bring
18．A．stories B．buildings C．crowds D．reporters
19．A．position B．age C．face D．name
20．A．silent B．skeptical C．serious D．crazy
21．A．discover B．argue C．decide D．advocate
22．A．equipment B．grass C．camps D．stones
23．A．remote 　B．quiet C．tall　 D．clean
24．A．new B．special C．significant D．necessary
25．A．paying off B．spreading out C．blowing up D．fading away
26．A．atmosphere B．experience C．experiment D．sight
27．A．studied B．observed C．explored D．regarded
28．A．view B．quality C．reason D．purpose
29．A．scientists B．climbers C．locals D．officials
30．A．holding on to B．going back to C．living up to D．giving way to
31．A．changes B．clears C．improves D．permits
32．A．match B．imagine C．count D．add
33．A．village B．desert C．road D．lake
34．A．Obviously B．Easily C．Consequently D．Finally
35．A．permanent B．little C．fresh D．artificial
36．A．enjoy B．deserve C．save D．acquire
五、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Are You a Prisoner of Perfection
Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 37 Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.
38 Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability(弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they’re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.
Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 39 However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.
40 We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.
Being human, perfection is impossible. 41 Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.
A．Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize
B．A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.
C．Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself
D．The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.
E．There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.
F．People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.
G．By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism.
六、语篇（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China has in the past decade channeled 76. 7 billion cubic meters of water from the Yangtze River basin to 42 country’s drought-prone northern regions, according to a water resources official.
Wang Daoxi, vice-minister of water resources, made the remark recently at a news conference 43 was organized by the State Council Information Office to mark the 10th anniversary (周年) of the great project’s operation.
“After sustainable expansion of areas 44 (cover) by the project, it now supplies water to 45 medium and large-sized cities, 45 (benefit) 185 million people,” Wang said. “The project’s 46 (construct) influence has increasingly extended beyond medium and large cities to rural areas, leading to a massive number of 47 (individual) enjoying its benefits year after another. ”
Wang also highlighted the significant role of the project 48 helping to improve the ecological environment of rivers and lakes in North China. “Thanks to the project, 49 (rough) 11. 8 billion cubic meters of water has been refilled into more than 50 rivers, ” he said.
The Yongding River, which dried up in 1996, for example, witnessed continuous water flow along its 865-kilometer course in August 2021. Over the last three years, the mother river of Beijing 50 (maintain) a year-round flow along its entire 51 (long).
七、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
52．假定你是李华，你们班在校英文报组织的以“Sea Exploration”为主题的海报设计大赛中获奖。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
（1）创作过程；
（2）你的感想。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
八、读后续写（本大题共1小题）
53．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Mary entered the south Pole Penguin Research Lab, she saw her friend Tom gently stroking (轻抚) a penguin in his arms. As children of the lab scientists, Mary and Tom often observed the emperor penguins that were studied to understand how they adapted to extreme temperatures —insights that could aid human survival.
“We’re thirteen, Tom. It’s time to grow up and stop playing with the lab penguins,” said Mary as she started cleaning. “They’re research animals, not pets.”
“But the birds listen to me1” insisted Tom, his breath forming a cloud in the freezing air. “You’re just trying to be a penguin whisperer again,” Mary replied, shaking her head with a gentle smile. The penguins seemed playful as they walked, dove, swam and chased their live fish for sport before eating.
Suddenly , an alarm rang out and red lights flashed , signaling a problem. The kids rushed over to look into it. “It’s colder than before —there’s ice forming on the water,” noted Tom. Though always cold, Mary had never seen ice here before. She checked the habitat monitor and found that the temperature had gone down a lot. “The heater must be broken!”
Mary quickly sent a message to their parents’ research team, who were conducting outdoor studies. With the adults away, the kids would have to deal with the freezing conditions until help arrived.
Time dragged as Mary and Tom anxiously waited. The increasing cold caused them to shake. “I wonder what emperor penguins do in extreme cold, since they stay in the Pole all winter instead of going somewhere warmer,” asked Mary. “They huddle (挤作一团), ” Tom answered. “They huddle together tightly so that the birds in the middle will be warm enough.” “What about the ones on the edge ” Mary asked. “They push their way towards the center, and then move back out to the edge, and struggle back again. Scientists in the early 21st century recorded it.” He replied as he stared at the large crowd of the penguins in the lab.
注意：
1、续写词数应为150 左右；
2、请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
”I have an idea to stay warm1" Tom shouted excitedly.
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Two and a half hours later , the parents returned with help.
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参考答案
一、阅读单选（3题）
【知识点】动物植物、应用文、细节理解、自然生态
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A
【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了如何报告和清理可疑的鱼类或野生动物死亡。
【解析】1．细节理解题。根据How to report fish die-off部分“Call the fish die-off line whenever you find numbers of dead or dying fish, particularly if the fish show signs of disease. (当你发现大量死亡或濒临死亡的鱼时，特别是当鱼出现疾病迹象时，打电话给鱼类死亡热线。)”可知，当发现很多死鱼的时候首先联系fish die-off line。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据How to report bat deaths部分“Dial 1-866-686-6072 for bats’ hearing impairment (损坏). (蝙蝠听力受损请拨1-866-686-6072。)”可知，当发现蝙蝠听力有问题时，应该拨打1-866-686-6072。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据Remove dead fish or wildlife from your property部分“Individual landowners are responsible for the cleanup of their own property. (个人土地所有者有责任清理自己的财。产)”可知，土地所有者负责清理自己私人土地上死去的野生动物。故选A。
二、阅读单选（4题）
【知识点】情节发展、现代技术、短语猜测、细节理解、说明文
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．D 7．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍数字信号处理（DSP）的发展历程，指出其教育滞后问题，及史蒂文 史密斯写书以通俗方式推广DSP的情况。
【详解】4．推理判断题。根据第二段“In the 1980s, DSP was taught as a graduate-level course in electrical engineering; a decade later, DSP became a standard part of the undergraduate courses; today, DSP is a basic skill needed by scientists and engineers in many fields.(在20世纪80年代，数字信号处理（DSP）是电气工程研究生阶段的课程；十年后，它成为本科课程的标准部分；如今，DSP 是许多领域的科学家和工程师所需的基本技能)”可知，DSP从研究生课程逐渐普及为多领域的基础技能，说明其越来越受欢迎且不可或缺。故选C项。
5．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Despite the great change, DSP education has been inching along to adapt to it. Nearly all DSP textbooks are still written in the traditional electrical engineering style of strict mathematics, which discourages many scientists and engineers.(尽管发生了巨大变化，DSP 教育却在inching along适应。几乎所有DSP教材仍以传统电气工程的严格数学风格编写，这让许多科学家和工程师望而却步)”可知，inching along与great change形成对比，后文指出教材仍沿用传统风格，说明教育改革进展缓慢，所以猜测inching along表“缓慢的”意思。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“By doing so, Steven hopes more individuals from diverse fields such as physics, geology and various branches of engineering will take up the study of DSP.(通过这样做，史蒂文希望更多来自物理、地质和各个工程领域的人将开始学习DSP)”可知，史蒂文写书的目的是吸引更多不同领域的人加入DSP学习，扩大DSP群体。故选D项。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The programs in this book are written to teach DSP in the most straightforward way, with all other factors being treated as secondary.(本书中的程序以最直接的方式教授 DSP，所有其他因素都被视为次要的)”可知，史蒂文强调程序的简洁性，避免因编程语言复杂性分散读者注意力。故选A项。
【知识点】世界、文章大意、新闻、社会、科普知识、细节理解、词义猜测
【答案】
8．D
9．D
10．D
11．C
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，围绕冰岛火山灰对人体健康的影响展开。世界卫生组织警告人们，若火山灰沉降，应尽量待在室内，因其可能危害健康。但其他专家对此有不同看法，认为火山灰的危害被夸大。
【详解】
8．细节理解题。根据第三段“During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people.(在火山爆发期间，火山灰甚至可以被健康人深深吸入肺部并引起不适。)” 可知，即使是健康人也可能因火山灰感到不适。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段“And he said most Europeans’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.(他说，大多数欧洲人接触到火山灰的可能性可以忽略不计，只有冰岛火山附近地区的人才可能面临风险。)” 可知，肯 唐纳森认为冰岛火山附近地区的人最有可能因火山灰面临风险。故选D。
10．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health(然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响)” 以及第五题“Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was ‘over the top’ and ‘a bit hysterical’(斯皮罗说，为避免火山灰而戴口罩或待在室内是“过头了”，有点“hysterical”)” 可知，专家认为世界卫生组织的警告有些夸大其词。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday(世界卫生组织周五警告称，如果冰岛火山灰开始沉降，欧洲人应尽量待在室内)”，表明 WHO 对火山灰影响健康的警告；第三段中“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were ‘hysterical’. (然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响，并表示世卫组织的警告“有些夸张”。)”体现了其他专家与 WHO 不同的观点。综合来看，全文主要围绕对火山灰健康风险的不同观点展开。故选C。
三、阅读单选（5题）
【知识点】科普知识、细节理解、说明文
【答案】12．C 13．C 14．B 15．D 16．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了婴儿学习行为不仅受生理需求驱动，还受成功结果的激励。
【解析】12．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome. (婴儿会学习以在世界中产生结果的方式行事，除了成功的结果之外，没有其他奖励)”和第四段中“Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. (Papousek得出结论，让婴儿感到高兴的主要原因不是看到灯光，而是他们在解决问题和掌握技能方面取得的成功，而且人类存在一种基本的欲望，那就是理解世界并有意地控制世界)”可知，婴儿学会做一些事情是因为这会给他们带来成功的感觉。故选C。
13．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. (Papousek最初的研究是用牛奶以常规方式来“奖励”婴儿，从而教他们做出一些简单的动作，比如把头转向一侧或另一侧。后来他注意到，一个已经喝饱了的婴儿会拒绝喝牛奶，但仍会继续做出已经学会的反应，而且明显表现出愉悦的神情)”可知，婴儿会在没有奶的情况下继续做出学到的动作。故选C。
14．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights — and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side. (他很快发现，仅四个月大的婴儿如果转头动作能“开启”一组灯光展示，他们就会学会把头转向左边或右边；实际上，他们能够学会相当复杂的转头动作来达成这一结果，比如连续两次向左转或向右转，甚至向一侧连续转三次)”可知，在Papousek的实验中，婴儿做出学会的头部动作是为了让灯亮起。故选B。
15．细节理解题。由文章第四段“Papusek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. (Papusek把灯光展示装置直接放在婴儿面前，他有了一个有趣的发现：有时，尽管灯光亮起时婴儿会 “微笑并发出咯咯声”，但他们并不会转过头去仔细看灯光。Papusek得出结论，让婴儿感到高兴的主要原因不是看到灯光，而是他们在解决问题和掌握技能方面取得的成功，而且人类存在一种基本的欲望，那就是理解世界并有意地控制世界)”可知，婴儿会对灯光“微笑和吐泡泡”，是因为他们成功地“打开”了灯光，解决了问题。故选D。
16．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. (Papusek得出结论，让婴儿感到高兴的主要原因不是看到灯光，而是他们在解决问题和掌握技能方面取得的成功，而且人类存在一种基本的欲望，那就是理解世界并有意地控制世界)”可知，Papousek认为，婴儿在做成某件事时得到的快乐反映了人类理解和控制世界的基本欲望。故选A。
四、完形（20空）
【知识点】副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、形容词的词义辨析、环境保护、记叙文
【答案】
17．D　
18．C
19．C
20．B
21．A　
22．C　
23．D
24．C
25．A
26．B
27．D
28．A　
29．B
30．D
31．A
32．C　
33．B　
34．D
35．A　
36．B
【分析】本文介绍了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观。作者认为,乞力马扎罗山并没有因为游客络绎不绝而破坏了安宁的环境。
【解析】
17．根据设空处后的with them lots of waste和常识可知,此处指登山者带来了大量的垃圾。bring意为“带来”,符合语境。keep意为“保持”;mix意为“混合”;connect意为“连接;联系”。
18．根据上文中的Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro可知,每年大约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山;再根据设空处后的damage the beauty of the place可知,这里指的是登山人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。crowd意为“人群”,符合语境。story意为“故事”;building意为“建筑”;reporter意为“记者”。
19．根据设空处前的The 　　　　might damage the beauty of the place．The glaciers are disappearing可知,人群可能会破坏这个地方的美,冰川也正在消失。由此可推断,这一切正改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌。face意为“面貌”,符合语境。position意为“位置”;age意为“年龄;年代”;name意为“名字”。
20．破折号后的内容是对乞力马扎罗山的描述——其他的目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验。由后面加引号的purer可知,此处表示作者听到这些故事后,对这个地方持怀疑态度。skeptical意为“持怀疑态度的”,符合语境。silent意为“沉默的”;serious意为“严肃的”;crazy意为“疯狂的”。
21．根据下一句中的find和第三、四段的描述可知,很快作者就发现,自从那些关于营地为成吨垃圾所围绕的令人不安的报道发布以来,情况已经发生了很大的变化。discover意为“发现”,符合语境。argue意为“争辩”;decide意为“决定”;advocate意为“主张”。
22．根据下文中的with toilets at camps and along the paths可知,此处指营地为成吨的垃圾所围绕。camp意为“营地”,符合语境。equipment意为“设备”;grass意为“草”;stone意为“石头”。
23．上文提及环境情况已发生很大变化,再根据设空后的with toilets at camps and along the paths可知,此处指作者发现了一座干净的山,营地和小路边上都有厕所。clean意为“干净的”,符合语境。remote意为“偏远的”;quiet意为“宁静的”;tall意为“高的”。
24．根据上文描述的有关乞力马扎罗山的两种情况以及设空处后的but可知,此处指环境挑战虽然是重大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局作出的努力似乎得到了回报。significant意为“影响深远的;重大的”,符合语境。new意为“新的”;special意为“特别的”;necessary意为“必要的”。
25．根据上文中的with toilets at camps and along the paths和上文中描述的乞力马扎罗山环境情况有所改观可知,此处指坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局作出的努力似乎奏效了。pay off意为“取得成功;奏效”,符合语境。spread out意为“散开;展开;延伸”;blow up意为“炸毁;给某物充气”;fade away意为“逐渐消失”。
26．根据设空后的isn’t reaching the top可知,设空处指的是登山的最好体验。experience意为“体验;经历”,符合语境。atmosphere意为“气氛;大气层”;experiment意为“实验”;sight意为“风景;景象”。
【测训诊断】　
本题考生易误选D 项。考生易根据下文提到的go through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers而误以为乞力马扎罗山最好的风景不是在山顶。此处,考生应该注意 reaching the top所表达的意思是“到达山顶”,而不是“(在)山顶”。因此,本句的正确意思是“在我看来,在乞力马扎罗山最棒的经历并不是到达山顶”。
27．根据语境及常识可知,许多文化都认为山是精神领地。be regarded as为固定搭配,意为“被视为;被看成是”,符合语境。study意为“研究;学习”;observe意为“观察;遵守”;explore意为“探索”。
28．上文中的Mountains are 　　　　as spiritual places by many cultures．为人们对山的一种观点,设空处前的This指代上文中提及的观点,此处表示这种观点在乞力马扎罗山体现得尤为明显,因为登山者要在几千米的空间内穿过五个生态系统。view意为“观点”,符合语境。quality意为“质量;品质”;reason意为“原因”;purpose意为“目的”。
29．根据第一段第一句中的Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro和本段中的isn’t reaching the top可知,此处指登山者要在几千米的空间内穿过五个生态系统。climber意为“登山者”,符合语境。scientist意为“科学家”;local意为“当地居民”;official意为“官员”。
30．根据At the base is a rainforest．It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, 　　　　lands of low growing plants．Further up… which are covered with thick grass．可知,此处介绍乞力马扎罗山的植被分布状况:山脚是一片热带雨林,雨林在3,000米处突然消失,变成了生长着低矮植物的土地,再往上是厚草地。give way to意为“被……取代”,符合语境。hold on to意为“坚持;紧紧抓住”;go back to意为“追溯到,回到”;live up to意为“不辜负;符合”。
31．设空处后的low clouds envelope the mountainsides是对天气状况的解释说明,由此可知,此处指再往上走,天气就变了——低低的云层笼罩着山坡。change意为“变化”,符合语境。clear意为“转晴;放晴”;improve意为“提高;改善”;permit意为“允许”。
32．根据设空后的twelve shades of green from where I stand可知,此处指作者从自己站的地方数了数有十二种不同的绿色色度的植被。count意为“计数”,符合语境。match意为“(与……)相配”;imagine意为“想象”;add意为“增添”。
33．根据设空后的gravel, stones and rocks可知,海拔4,000米以上是高原沙漠,有砾石、石子和岩块。desert意为“沙漠”,符合语境。village意为“村庄”;road意为“马路”;lake意为“湖”。
34．前文提到登山者要在几千米的空间内穿过五个生态系统,此处表示,最后,你会爬到一个像北极一样的地带,那里有永久积雪和可能很快就会消失的冰川。finally意为“最终”,符合语境。obviously意为“明显地”;easily意为“容易地”;consequently意为“因此;结果”。
35．根据设空前的arctic like zone可知,此处是指像北极一样的地带,故这里应有永久积雪。permanent意为“永久的”,符合语境。little意为“小的;少的”;fresh意为“新鲜的”;artificial意为“人造的”。
36．综观全文并根据本文最后一句I found the opposite to be true．可知,此处作者先是发问:乞力马扎罗山真的因为人山人海和游客络绎不绝而破坏了安宁的环境吗 即发问乞力马扎罗山是否应受到这样的评价,随后又回答说事实正好相反。deserve one’s reputation意为“应该得到……的名声”,为固定搭配,符合语境。enjoy意为“享有”;save意为“节约;挽救”;acquire意为“获得”。
【测训诊断】　
本题考生易误选A项。enjoy one’s/a reputation表示“享有盛誉”,但此处表述的并非积极正面的内容,不能称得上为“盛誉”。deserve在此表示“应得;应受到(奖励或惩罚)”。
五、七选五阅读
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【答案】37．A 38．D 39．E 40．B 41．G
【分析】这是一篇说明文。羞耻和恐惧往往是完美主义背后的驱动力。如果我们能塑造一个完美的人格，展示我们的智慧，完善我们的幽默，那么没有人可以用批评来伤害我们，我们会赢得尊重和认可。
【解析】37．根据上文Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach 可知本空为列举完美主义带来的问题是为一个你无法达到的目标而奋斗、有一个无法实现的理想愿景，故选A。
38．本句为段首主题句。根据本段最后一句They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.可知坚持正确、完美和优雅的愿望，即使很明显皇帝没有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美让我们不能忍受任何不完美的迹象。故选D。
39．根据上文We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 为了做得更好，我们不断地评估自己。下文评价这样的行为“想要做最好的自己，并在过程中自我纠正，这没有什么错。”故选E。
40．根据下文We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. 我们意识到，在任何企业中失败都不意味着我们就是一个失败者。可知本段强调要学会容忍我们人类的缺点是治愈完美主义的方法，故选B。
41．根据下文Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.可知把自己从保护形象的欲望中释放出来，我们就能从容地走过成功和失败——享受我们宝贵的生命。故本空强调要通过接受我们自己，并尽我们最大的努力，开始摆脱驱动完美主义的羞耻。故选G。
六、语篇
【知识点】that/which引导的限制性定语从句、其他介词、副词作状语、可数名词及其单、复数、名词作宾语、定冠词、形容词作定语、新闻、现在分词作状语、现在完成时、社会、过去分词作定语
【答案】42．the 43．that/which 44．covered 45．benefiting 46．constructive 47．individuals 48．in 49．roughly 50．has maintained 51．length
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。南水北调工程是中国的一项重大战略性工程，旨在解决中国北方地区的水资源短缺问题，是一项惠及民生的重大世纪工程。
【详解】42．考查冠词。句意：据一位水资源官员称，在过去的十年里，中国的南水北调工程从长江流域向该国干旱易发的北方地区输送了767亿立方米的水。此处用定冠词 the表示特指，the country指前面的 China。故填the。
43．考查定语从句。句意：水利部副部长王道席最近在国务院新闻办公室举办的纪念三峡工程运行十周年的新闻发布会上发表了上述言论。分析该句结构可知，该空引导的是一个限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为a news conference，指代物，所以用关系词 that或 which。故填that/which。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：王说：“经过工程覆盖区域的持续扩大，现在它向45个大中型城市供水，使1.85亿人受益。”分析该句成分可知，所填词与其逻辑主语 areas存在动宾关系，故用所给动词的过去分词 covered，在句中作后置定语，修饰前面的名词 areas。故填covered。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：王说：“经过工程覆盖区域的持续扩大，现在它向45个大中型城市供水，使1.85亿人受益。”分析该句成分可知，该空用所给动词的现在分词 benefiting，在句中作结果状语。故填benefiting。
46．考查形容词。句意：这项工程的建设性影响已经越来越多地从大中城市延伸到农村地区，使大量的个人年复一年地享受到它的好处。根据该空后的名词 influence 可知，该空用所给动词的形容词 constructive。constructive influence意为“积极的影响”。故填constructive。
47．考查名词复数。句意：这项工程的建设性影响已经越来越多地从大中城市延伸到农村地区，使大量的个人年复一年地享受到它的好处。根据空前的a massive number of 可知，该空用所给名词的复数 individuals。故填individuals。
48．考查介词。句意：王还强调了该项目在帮助改善中国北方河流和湖泊生态环境方面的重要作用。名词role与介词in连用表示“在某事物或某活动中扮演的角色或起到的作用”。故填in。
49．考查副词。句意：他说：“多亏了这个工程，大约118亿立方米的水被重新注入了50多条河流。”根据该空后的11. 8 billion cubic 可知，该空需用所给形容词的副词 roughly，在此处用来描述数量。故填roughly。
50．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的三年里，北京的母亲河一直保持着全年的流量。根据前面的时间状语 Over the last three years及主语 the mother river可知，该空用现在完成时态 has maintained。故填has maintained。
51．考查名词。句意：在过去的三年里，北京的母亲河一直保持着全年的流量。根据该空前的形容词 entire可知，该空用所给形容词的名词 length。故填length。
七、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、其他应用文、日常活动
52．【答案】Dear Chris,
I’m excited to share that our class won the “Sea Exploration” poster competition organized by the school English newspaper!
Our team spent weeks brainstorming creative ways to combine marine biodiversity with sustainable technology. We used recycled materials and painted vibrant coral reefs alongside futuristic underwater research stations. It was challenging but fun to balance art and science.
This experience taught me the power of teamwork and the urgency of ocean conservation. I’ve grown more curious about humans’ role in protecting marine ecosystems. Let’s discuss your thoughts on this topic sometime!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享你们班在校英文报组织的以“Sea Exploration”为主题的海报设计大赛中获奖经历。其内容包括：创作过程和你的感想。
【详解】1.词汇积累
兴奋的： excited →thrilled
有创造力的：creative→innovative
有趣的： fun→interesting
活跃的：vibrant→lively
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our team spent weeks brainstorming creative ways to combine marine biodiversity with sustainable technology.
拓展句：Our team spent weeks brainstorming creative ways so that we could combine marine biodiversity with sustainable technology.
八、读后续写
【知识点】一般过去时、故事、记叙文
53．【答案】
“I have an idea to stay warm!” Tom shouted excitedly. Spreading his arms, he suggested joining the penguin huddles. Worried that the penguins wouldn’t let them, Mary hesitated but was soon persuaded by Tom’s assuring grin. He slowly approached the crowded penguins, crouching down. Gently stroking them with care, he whispered softly. Though startled at first, the penguins recognized Tom and let him into their group. Mary quickly followed. The children squeezed into the huddle’s edge with the penguins. Just as the birds did, they moved toward the middle and back out as the group shifted.
Two and a half hours later, the parents returned with help. Rushing in calling for the kids, they were surprised. The children were safely surrounded by Emperors in a large bundle. When asked how they stayed warm, the kids looked at each other proudly. “We used what the Emperor Penguins do,” they told their parents. Mary patted Tom’s shoulder with admiration, calling him a penguin whisperer. With a big smile, Tom gave credit to the penguins who taught them a lot. Their teamwork had seen them through the difficult cold with the penguins’ aid.
【分析】
本文以动物为线索展开，讲述了一个关于爱护动物以及通过学习帝企鹅的保暖方式度过严寒的故事。
【详解】
1、段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我有一个保暖的主意!”Tom兴奋地喊道。”以及第二段首句内容“两个半小时后，父母带着救援人员回来了。”可知，第一段可描写Tom想到可以向帝企鹅学习度过严寒。
②由第二段首句内容“两个半小时后，父母带着救援人员回来了。”可知，第二段可描写父母惊讶地发现孩子们和帝企鹅团在一起从而保持温暖活了下来。
2、续写线索：Tom和Mary一起在南极企鹅研究实验室观察帝企鹅——他们从小就研究帝企鹅，非常熟悉这些动物——突然Mary发现实验室的加热器坏了——Mary向父母求救，但是父母在户外进行研究——实验室越来越冷，孩子们开始想办法保暖——Tom突然想起帝企鹅在严寒中是如何保暖的——于是，两个孩子加入了实验室的企鹅群，和企鹅们团在了一起——父母回来后，惊讶地发现帝企鹅正围着孩子们，孩子也安然无恙。
3、词汇激活
行为类
①建议：suggest/advise
②靠近：approach/come close to
③称赞：give credit to/praise
情绪类
①担忧的：worried/concerned/anxious
②惊讶的：surprised/amazed/astonished
【点睛】【高分句型1】When asked how they stayed warm, the kids looked at each other proudly.（运用了how引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】With a big smile, Tom gave credit to the penguins who taught them a lot.（运用了who引导的定语从句）
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页
第 page number 页，共 number of pages 页2025--2026年高二译林版【2019】必修第三册英语综合强化提高练习试卷5【含详细答案word版】
一、阅读单选（3题）（本大题共1小题）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around． Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. CARS — Batteries Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge．
TRAINS — Electricity Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. TRUCKS — Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive． SHIPS — Liquid ammonia Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign.
This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke．
1． What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A． 11．6%. B． 45.1%. C． 74．5%. D． 86.1%.
2． Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily
A． Planes. B． Trucks. C． Trains. D． Ships.
3． What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A． Limiting fuel consumption. B． Putting more effort into renewables.
C． Improving energy efficiency. D． Making electricity more affordable．
二、阅读单选（4题）（本大题共2小题）
Needles, though essential for delivering many vital medicines, are not popular among patients. Many people experience discomfort or anxiety at the sight of a needle, making injections (注射) an unpleasant experience. Now, new research led by Giovanni Traverso at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) offers a way to give medicine without this discomfort—by copying how squids (鱿鱼) shoot ink and water.
Dr. Traverso’s tiny automated injectors are packaged in capsules that patients can swallow. Once inside the digestive system, the capsules break down, releasing the injectors, which then deliver drugs through the surface layer of stomach or other digestive organs and into the subsurface tissues below. This method allows patients to receive treatment without seeing or feeling a needle.
Although the technique is promising, it is not yet entirely reliable. For an injector to work effectively, it must be positioned almost perfectly upright against the target tissue. With skin injections, a medical professional can adjust the angle by hand, but inside the digestive system, this is much more difficult.
To solve this problem, Dr. Traver so turned to squids, which can shoot ink and water at high pressure in multiple directions. Inspired by this natural ability, he and his team worked with a medical company to develop tiny spring-loaded devices that release fast streams of medicine when activated. Tests on digestive tissues from pigs and dogs showed that the devices can effectively give injections even at angles below 70°.
While human trials have yet to begin, Dr. Traver so hopes the technology will soon help people with diabetes, a disease that requires the patients to get multiple injections daily. A more convenient delivery system could make treatment easier and less stressful. But the potential applications extend beyond diabetes—similar devices may one day be used to administer vaccines, making immunization (免疫接种) more accessible. If all goes well, fear of needles could become a thing of the past.
4．What can we learn about the new injectors from the first two paragraphs
A．They are made from squid ink. B．They are invisible to human eyes.
C．They enjoy popularity among patients. D．They operate within the digestive system.
5．What challenge does Traverso’s technique face
A．Keeping the injector at a correct angle. B．Finding a proper site for drug delivery.
C．Having reliable medical professionals. D．Accessing the deep digestive system.
6．What can we infer about the technology from the last paragraph
A．It proves effective in human trials. B．It may cure people of needle anxiety.
C．It shows promises for future applications. D．It will reduce the cost of diabetes treatment.
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．The Secret of Squid Ink Shooting B．Painless Injection: A Gift from Squid
C．Nature: A Guide for Medical Innovation D．The Development of Injection Techniques
Just off the Florida Keys lies the world’s third-largest coral reef (珊瑚礁), which was once an energetic habitat for millions of plants and animals. But an outbreak of stony coral tissue loss disease threatens to destroy 20 of the 45 species found there, including larger reef-building corals.
“This disease that is burning through the Florida Keys is an unbelievable event that is happening,” said Andrew Stamper, conservation science manager at Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment. “It’s like a wildfire.” Stamper said that would endanger Florida’s fishing industry and food supply. “Unfortunately, we do not know exactly what is causing this,” he said.
In order to save the reef, scientists have moved some species hundreds of miles away to a lab in Orlando. Scientists work to simulate breeding (繁殖) conditions in the lab. The conditions are exactly the same as the living conditions of the coral. The work needs a lot of care, effort and attention to detail. LED lights exactly copy the sun and moon cycles. Volunteers feed the coral in water treated to mimic its real habitat.
“This essentially is a gene bank,” said Jim Kinsler, leader of SeaWorld Orlando. “We’re trying to protect the genetics of these corals so that their offspring(后代)can eventually be returned back to the Florida reef area.”
The task of relocating the lab-grown coral to the sea is also a detailed task. Kinsler, who is part of a team of private and public partners operating the Florida Coral Rescue Center, said, “It’s the first time that many of them have been involved in rescuing an entire ecosystem,”
“We think the real challenge is just growing them out to a size, so we can test them in those waters, test their disease resistance (抵抗力), and then breed the successful corals by the hundreds of thousands literally,” said Andrew Walker, president of the Fish & Wildlife Foundation of Florida.
8．What do we know about the Florida Keys
A．It owns the world’s largest coral reef.
B．A disease broke out among people there.
C．The world’s third-largest coral reef is close to it.
D．It is now the habitat of millions of plants and animals.
9．What do Andrew Stamper’s words mean
A．The root of the disease is unclear.
B．A wildfire broke out in the Florida Keys.
C．The disease will spread across the Earth.
D．The disease has caused a great loss to the locals.
10．What does the underlined word “simulate” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Copy. B．Contrast. C．Escape. D．Feature.
11．What is the purpose of the research according to Andrew Walker
A．To restore the coral in the lab.
B．To sell the coral in the normal size.
C．To make more people involved in protecting the ecosystem.
D．To produce masses of disease-resistant coral back to the sea.
三、阅读单选（5题）（本大题共1小题）
It is widely recognized that self-discipline gives us freedom. Those who can control themselves have the ability to make the best use of their time, thus lost in the joy of freedom while other people suffer from “painful self-discipline”, stuck in a difficult situation where they feel guilty for not being able to complete the missions on their never-ending to-do lists.
But do these pains come from self-discipline Not exactly. The people who are anxious about being so-called self-disciplined masters are actually missing the point of this virtue. It’s not a “the more the better” kind of thing. Rather, it’s the capability to find a complicated balance between work and entertainment, which enables you to work more efficiently and to take control of your life. Thus, there’s no need to push yourself too hard.
As a self-disciplined student, I think I understand the key to easing the sometime painful learning process with all kinds of after-school activities. Self-discipline urges me to set aside adequate time for all of my required schoolwork and to efficiently finish it. What’s more, having a high learning efficiency means that if I am interested in a certain topic in my textbook or the knowledge of a specific field, I can spend more time exploring it in depth, while devoting myself to my own interests. However, each time the bell for the end of class rings, I’m always the first to grab the basketball and dash to the court to enjoy the thrill of a ball game with my friends until the sun sinks below the horizon.
As I said, the real freedom to enjoy a wonderful life is based on self-discipline. And the final aim of self-discipline is to enjoy a wonderful life. Being self-disciplined is about doing the proper thing at the proper time. You have to push yourself under the guidance of self-discipline to achieve high efficiency in your daily routine. But don’t be too tough on yourself because unreasonable time management may drain you of the energy and passion you need to struggle on. Fit in adequate diversions from work within your carefully designed schedule, and I’m sure you can remove the obstacles that stand in your path to the ultimate freedom.
12．How does the author develop Paragraph 1
A．By giving an example. B．By making a comparison.
C．By analyzing a reason. D．By presenting a result.
13．What can we know about self-disciplined students in Paragraph 3
A．They have great trouble casing the painful learning process.
B．They can hardly spare time to finish their assignments.
C．They can pursue their hobbies with high learning efficiency.
D．They spend most time enjoying ball games with their friends.
14．What is the ultimate goal of self-discipline in the author’s view
A．To suffer mental pain. B．To enjoy a happy life.
C．To manage time scientifically. D．To achieve high efficiency.
15．What does the underlined word “drain” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Exhaust. B．Increase. C．Provide. D．Preserve.
16．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Self-discipline is the key to achieving high efficiency.
B．People should be strict with themselves to be self-disciplined.
C．The pursuit of self-discipline is a painful process.
D．Self-discipline is about finding a balance and leading to real freedom.
四、完形（20空）（本大题共1小题）
I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut (核桃) tree.
It’s a unique tree. In late September or early October, falling 17 as hard as baseballs are a potential 18 to the heads of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them. Umbrellas are a 19 while dining in the garden in early August, and as for me, I wear my bike 20 while working in the garden.
The black walnut also 21 a chemical substance as a 22 strategy (策略) through its roots. It’s 23 to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with 24 that maybe the black walnut would accept them, but they 25 to grow well.
Have I thought of 26 this giant pain in my tiny backyard Yes, 27 , cutting down this tree standing at 15 meters with an over 2-meter trunk is 28 . It’s also protected under the law. Rightfully so. 29 are important to the urban forest and to numerous birds and insect species which 30 to healthy and biodiverse environment.
Sometimes I think about my life without the 31 . I can’t imagine a spring without the 32 who arrive every year and noisily sing before dawn in the tree. I’d miss falling asleep on lazy weekend afternoons as I 33 into its leaves before the nuts are likely to fall at any time.
Every spring I often wonder: What are the chances of being 34 unconscious while barbecuing Like any good relationship, I’ll never be satisfied. I’m stuck with this tree, so I give it the space it requires. In return, my walnut offers 35 to wildlife and a reminder that acceptance, 36 resistance, is the better way to be.
17．A．flowers B．snowballs C．fruits D．branches
18．A．danger B．surprise C．benefit D．shock
19．A．trouble B．decoration C．symbol D．must
20．A．glasses B．suit C．gloves D．helmet
21．A．absorbs B．gives out C．keeps D．prevents
22．A．competitive B．hunting C．communication D．learning
23．A．attractive B．poisonous C．beneficial D．harmless
24．A．hopes B．doubts C．worries D．curiosity
25．A．continued B．managed C．failed D．struggled
26．A．dressing up B．looking after C．relying on D．getting rid of
27．A．however B．therefore C．otherwise D．instead
28．A．in progress B．free of charge C．under consideration D．next to impossible
29．A．Animals B．Trees C．Water resources D．Sports parks
30．A．respond B．return C．contribute D．adapt
31．A．umbrella B．tiny backyard C．black walnut D．common plants
32．A．neighbors B．birds C．friends D．monkeys
33．A．climb up B．look up C．stare D．watch out
34．A．knocked B．frightened C．poisoned D．heated
35．A．nutrition B．amusement C．a shelter D．assistance
36．A．as well as B．regardless of C．in exchange for D．instead of
五、七选五阅读（本大题共1小题）
Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published, it s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 37 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典).I don t trust my laptop s spellchecker. 38 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I m old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
39 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced．
In addition, I have an old two volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it s not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 40 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there s nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755．“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 41 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
【选项】
B．It takes no account of the context.
C．But I still don t want to replace them.
D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read．
E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G．Dictionaries don t always give you enough information.
六、语篇（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Poet Su Shi
Su Shi, (1037-1101) one of the most popular classical Chinese poets, came from a literary family: his father and brother were both great poets in their own rights. At the age of 19, Su Shi passed the civil service examination, 42 was a gateway to a political career. Then he took on 43 (variety) governmental positions, including 44 (serve) as the magistrate of Mizhou and the governor of Xuzhou. However, because of his opposition to radical reform measures, he was repeatedly demoted.
Su Shi’s first remote trip of exile was to Huangzhou, Hubei Province, where he often wandered along the rivers and in the mountains. 45 was here that he wrote many of his best poems, such as Reflections on the Ancient Red Cliff-To the Tune of Nian Nu Jiao (《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》). In this poem, he expressed his 46 (admire) for some heroic figures, and described his aspirations and sorrows. The poem 47 (remain) so popular that nearly every Chinese student can recite it: The Great River flows, eastward waves sweeping away, for thousands of years, heroic figures...
48 his hard life, Su Shi’s works show a spirit of confidence and optimism. His poems make people feel 49 (encourage), reminding them that even during the hardest of times, there is always room for hope. Even today, Su Shi’s poems still have 50 enormous influence on Chinese people. They can always 51 (hear) in classrooms all over China, and seen quoted in the works of many Chinese scholars.
七、应用文写作（本大题共1小题）
52．假定你是李华，你校将举办英语演讲比赛，主题为“The Power of Small Actions in Environmental Protection”。请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．环保的重要性；
2．你的实践经历。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear teachers and classmates,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
八、读后续写（本大题共1小题）
53．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer. She had prepared lots of snacks, while my job was to have the backyard in order.
There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play. There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: My brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire． Though friendly, he could easily knock over my niece’s small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter. So, when my brother showed up, I asked him to watch Toby and keep him outside．
My plan was working out just fine． Toby was using up his energy by running back and forth in the backyard and giving the kids plenty of room. Unexpectedly, after supper, the weather changed． It started to rain and everyone went indoors.
It was an awkward moment. I didn’t want Toby to be running around in the house, and my brother wasn’t happy with driving home with a wet dog. Eventually, my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue．
A few days passed, and I hadn’t heard anything from my brother. I texted him and expressed wishes for him to come out again. His reply came as a surprise — a shock, actually: “Not a chance．” Clearly, he was unhappy over the way we had parted． After all, I had left him little choice． Well, he’ll get over it, I reasoned．
Two months passed． My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking he should call first. However, my conscience (良心) kept bothering me． I tried to put myself in my brother’s shoes. He was facing health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had passed away a few months earlier. Toby was his constant companion, the one who kept him going.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I realized it was me who was at fault.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother’s door.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、阅读单选（3题）
【知识点】交通、应用文、环境保护、细节理解
【答案】
1． C 2． C 3． B
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比，以及飞机、汽车等各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径。
【详解】
1．细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% (道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% (道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74．5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74．5%。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS — Electricity部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. (一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化；其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get used,” says Wipke． (Wipke说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)”可知，Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B项。
二、阅读单选（4题）
【知识点】卫生与健康、情节发展、文章标题、现代技术、细节理解、说明文
【答案】
4．D
5．A
6．C
7．B
【分析】
本文是说明文。本文介绍了一种新型无痛注射技术，灵感来源于鱿鱼喷射墨水的机制。
【详解】
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr. Traverso’s tiny automated injectors are packaged in capsules that patients can swallow. Once inside the digestive system, the capsules break down, releasing the injectors, which then deliver drugs through the surface layer of stomach or other digestive organs and into the subsurface tissues below. This method allows patients to receive treatment without seeing or feeling a needle.(Traverso博士的微型自动注射器被包装在胶囊中，病人可以吞下。一旦进入消化系统，胶囊就会分解，释放出注射器，然后注射器通过胃或其他消化器官的表层将药物输送到下面的皮下组织。这种方法可以让患者在看不到或感觉不到针头的情况下接受治疗。)”可知，注射器在消化系统内操作。故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Although the technique is promising, it is not yet entirely reliable. For an injector to work effectively, it must be positioned almost perfectly upright against the target tissue. With skin injections, a medical professional can adjust the angle by hand, but inside the digestive system, this is much more difficult.(虽然这项技术很有前途，但还不是完全可靠。为了使注射器有效地工作，它必须几乎完全垂直地放置在目标组织上。通过皮肤注射，医学专业人员可以手动调整角度，但在消化系统内，这要困难得多。)”可知，技术面临的主要挑战是保持注射器的正确角度。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While human trials have yet to begin, Dr. Traver so hopes the technology will soon help people with diabetes, a disease that requires the patients to get multiple injections daily. A more convenient delivery system could make treatment easier and less stressful. But the potential applications extend beyond diabetes—similar devices may one day be used to administer vaccines, making immunization (免疫接种) more accessible. If all goes well, fear of needles could become a thing of the past.(虽然人体试验尚未开始，但特拉弗博士希望这项技术能很快帮助糖尿病患者，这种疾病需要患者每天多次注射。一个更方便的输送系统可以使治疗更容易，压力更小。但潜在的应用范围不仅限于糖尿病——类似的设备可能有一天会被用于接种疫苗，使免疫接种更容易获得。如果一切顺利，对针头的恐惧可能会成为过去。)”可推知，该技术在未来具有广阔的应用前景，故选C项。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Needles, though essential for delivering many vital medicines, are not popular among patients. Many people experience discomfort or anxiety at the sight of a needle, making injections (注射) an unpleasant experience. Now, new research led by Giovanni Traverso at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) offers a way to give medicine without this discomfort—by copying how squids (鱿鱼) shoot ink and water.(尽管针头对于输送许多重要药物至关重要，但在患者中并不受欢迎。许多人一看到针头就感到不适或焦虑，这使得注射成为一种不愉快的经历。现在，麻省理工学院（MIT）的乔瓦尼·特拉弗索（Giovanni Traverso）领导的一项新研究提供了一种不用这种不适就能给药的方法——模仿鱿鱼喷射墨水和水的方式。)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种基于鱿鱼喷射机制的无痛注射技术，强调了其创新性和对患者的潜在益处，所以B项“无痛注射：来自乌贼的礼物”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
【知识点】卫生与健康、新闻、目的意图、科普知识、细节理解、观点态度、词义猜测
【答案】8．C 9．A 10．A 11．D
【分析】本文为一篇新闻报道。佛罗里达附近的第三大珊瑚礁面临珊瑚组织丧失疾病的威胁，科学家们将一些物种转移到奥兰多的实验室以保护遗传基因，并试图培育出抵抗疾病的珊瑚。最终目标是将实验室培育的珊瑚重新回到佛罗里达旁的珊瑚礁区。
【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Just off the Florida Keys lies the world’s third-largest coral reef(珊瑚礁), which was once an energetic habitat for millions of plants and animals. But an outbreak of stony coral tissue loss disease threatens to destroy 20 of the 45 species found there, including larger reef-building corals. (佛罗里达群岛附近有世界第三大珊瑚礁，这里曾经是数百万动植物的栖息地。但是，石珊瑚组织丧失疾病的爆发威胁着那里45种珊瑚中的20种，包括更大的造礁珊瑚。)”可知，世界第三大珊瑚礁在佛罗里达群岛附近，爆发疾病的是珊瑚，珊瑚礁区有数百万动植物。故选C项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“‘This disease that is burning through the Florida Keys is an unbelievable event that is happening,' said Andrew Stamper, conservation science manager at Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment. ‘It’s like a wildfire.’ Stamper said that would endanger Florida’s fishing industry and food supply. ‘Unfortunately, we do not know exactly what is causing this,’ he said. (迪士尼动物、科学与环境保护科学经理斯坦珀说，‘正在佛罗里达群岛肆虐的这种疾病是一件令人难以置信的事情。它就像野火一样。’斯坦珀说，这将危及佛罗里达州的渔业和食品供应。他说，‘不幸的是，我们并不确切知道是什么导致了这种情况。’)”可知，珊瑚组织丧失疾病的根源尚不清楚。故选A项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第三段“In order to save the reef, scientists have moved some species hundreds of miles away to a lab in Orlando. Scientists work to simulate breeding(繁殖)conditions in the lab. The conditions are exactly the same as the living conditions of the coral. The work needs a lot of care, effort and attention to detail. LED lights exactly copy the sun and moon cycles. Volunteers feed the coral in water treated to mimic its real habitat. (为了拯救珊瑚礁，科学家们已经将一些物种转移到数百英里外奥兰多的一个实验室。科学家们在实验室里simulate繁殖条件。这些条件与珊瑚的生存条件完全相同。这项工作需要大量的细心、努力和对细节的关注。LED灯完全模仿太阳和月亮的周期。志愿者用模拟珊瑚真实栖息地的水喂养珊瑚。)”可知，在实验室里创造出的生存条件、太阳、月亮的周期，以及水都与珊瑚礁在原来栖息地的条件完全相同，即实验室模拟了珊瑚礁原有的繁殖条件，simulate意为“模拟，模仿”，与Copy意思相近，故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“‘This essentially is a gene bank,’ said Jim Kinsler, leader of SeaWorld Orlando. ‘We’re trying to protect the genetics of these corals so that their offspring (后代) can eventually be returned back to the Florida reef area.’ (奥兰多海洋世界的负责人金斯勒说，这实际上是一个基因库,‘我们正在努力保护这些珊瑚的基因，这样它们的后代最终就能回到佛罗里达的珊瑚礁区。’)”可知，科学家们保护珊瑚基因，希望能使他们的后代重返佛罗里达的珊瑚礁区。最后一段“‘We think the real challenge is just growing them out to a size, so we can test them in those waters, test their disease resistance (抵抗力), and then breed the successful corals by the hundreds of thousands literally,’ said Andrew Walker, president of the Fish & Wildlife Foundation of Florida. (佛罗里达州鱼类和野生动物基金会主席安德鲁·沃克说：‘我们认为真正的挑战只是把它们长到一定的尺寸，这样我们就可以在那些水域测试它们，测试它们的抗病能力，然后培育出成千上万的成功珊瑚。’)”，根据安德鲁·沃克的话可知，研究的目的是实验室能培育出成千上万的有抗病能力的珊瑚，这样它们才有机会重新回到佛罗里达的珊瑚礁区。故选D项。
三、阅读单选（5题）
【知识点】情节发展、文章大意、科普知识、细节理解、议论文、词义猜测
【答案】
12．B
13．C
14．B
15．A
16．D
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是自律与自由之间的关系，以及如何通过自律实现真正的自由。
【详解】
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Those who can control themselves have the ability to make the best use of their time, thus lost in the joy of freedom while other people suffer from ‘painful self-discipline’, stuck in a difficult situation where they feel guilty for not being able to complete the missions on their never-ending to-do lists.(那些能控制自己的人有能力充分利用他们的时间，因此迷失在自由的喜悦中，而其他人则遭受“痛苦的自律”，陷入困境，因为他们无法完成没完没了的任务而感到内疚。)”可知，第一段是通过对比展开的，故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Self-discipline urges me to set aside adequate time for all of my required schoolwork and to efficiently finish it. What’s more, having a high learning efficiency means that if I am interested in a certain topic in my textbook or the knowledge of a specific field, I can spend more time exploring it in depth, while devoting myself to my own interests.(自律促使我为所有要求的作业留出足够的时间，并有效地完成它。更重要的是，学习效率高意味着如果我对教科书中的某个主题或某个领域的知识感兴趣，我可以花更多的时间深入探索，同时全身心地投入到自己的兴趣中。)”可知，自律的学生可以追求自己的爱好，学习效率高。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And the final aim of self-discipline is to enjoy a wonderful life.”可知，自律的最终目的是享受幸福的生活。故选B。
15．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“unreasonable time management(不合理的时间管理)”和“of the energy and passion you need to struggle on(你所需要的继续拼搏的能量与激情)”可知，不合理的时间管理可能会耗尽你继续奋斗所需的能量和激情，drain的意思是“消耗”，和Exhaust意思相近，故选A。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“But do these pains come from self-discipline Not exactly. The people who are anxious about being so-called self-disciplined masters are actually missing the point of this virtue. It’s not a ‘the more the better’ kind of thing. Rather, it’s the capability to find a complicated balance between work and entertainment, which enables you to work more efficiently and to take control of your life. Thus, there’s no need to push yourself too hard.(但这些痛苦来自自律吗？不完全是。那些急于成为所谓自律大师的人，实际上没有抓住这种美德的要点。这并不是“越多越好”的事情。相反，它是一种在工作和娱乐之间找到复杂平衡的能力，它能让你更有效地工作，掌控你的生活。因此，没有必要把自己逼得太紧。)”可知，本文主要讲的是自律与自由之间的关系，以及如何通过自律实现真正的自由，因此主旨是D选项“Self-discipline is about finding a balance and leading to real freedom.(自律就是找到一种平衡，走向真正的自由。)”。故选D。
四、完形（20空）
【知识点】介词（短语）辨析、副词的词义辨析、动词(短语)的辨析、名词的词义辨析、哲理感悟、形容词的词义辨析、自然生态、记叙文
【答案】
17．C
18．A
19．D
20．D
21．B
22．A
23．B
24．A
25．C
26．D
27．A
28．D
29．B
30．C
31．C
32．B
33．B
34．A
35．C
36．D
【详解】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者家后院的一颗黑胡桃树，向我们揭露了树木对于生态环境的重要性，虽然作者总是担心会被这棵树掉下来的果实砸到头，但还是选择接受这棵树，没有将其移除，因为作者知道这棵树对生态环境的价值是很大的，所以他选择接受，而不是反抗，这是对大自然的理解；
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在9月下旬或10月初，像棒球一样坚硬的水果会威胁到你、你的孩子、你的邻居和住在他们隔壁的人的头骨。A. flowers花；B. snowballs雪球；C. fruits水果，果实；D. branches树枝。根据上文“I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut(核桃)tree. ”可知，此处是指9月下旬或10月初黑胡桃树的果子会掉下来威胁到从树下路过的人。故选C；
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. danger危险；B. surprise惊讶，惊喜；C. benefit好处；D. shock震惊。根据下文“Umbrellas are a while dining in the garden in early August”和常识可知，往下掉的黑胡桃树果实会砸到人，带来危险。故选A；
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：八月初吃饭时，院子里的雨伞是必须的，对我来说，在花园里工作时我会戴上自行车头盔。A. trouble麻烦；B. decoration装饰；C. symbol象征；D. must必须的东西。根据“while dining in the garden in early August”可知，收获季节在黑胡桃树下吃饭伞是必须的，不然会被砸到。故选D；
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. glasses眼镜；B. suit西装；C. gloves手套；D. helmet头盔。呼应上文umbrellas，此处是指带上头盔来保护自己的头。故选D；
21．考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：作为一种竞争策略，黑胡桃树还通过其根部释放出一种化学物质。A. absorbs吸收；B. gives out分发，耗尽；C. keeps保持；D. prevents阻止。根据“a chemical substance”可知，是释放化学物质。故选B；
22．考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. competitive竞争的；B. hunting狩猎，寻找；C. communication交流；D. learning学习。结合生物常识可知，黑胡桃树释放化学物质是为了不让天敌靠近自己或增加自己的生存几率，这是一种生存竞争策略。故选A；
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它对几种常见的植物有毒。A. attractive有吸引力的；B. poisonous有毒的；C. beneficial有益的；D. harmless无家可归的。根据上文“a chemical substance”和下文“but they　　9　　　 to grow well.”并结合常识可知，这种化学物质对其他常见植物是有毒的。故选B；
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带回家许多新植物品种，希望黑核桃能接受它们，但它们都没能茁壮成长。A. hopes希望；B. doubts怀疑；C. worries担心；D. curiosity好奇，好奇心。根据“maybe the black walnut would accept them”可知，这是作者的希望，希望这些植物不会被黑胡桃树散发的化学物质毒死。故选A；
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. continued继续；B. managed管理，设法；C. failed失败；D. struggled努力，挣扎。根据“maybe the black walnut would accept them”和表示转折意义的but可知，这些植物最终都没能茁壮成长。故选C；
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我有没有想过在我小小的后院摆脱这种巨大的痛苦？A. dressing up盛装打扮；B. looking after照顾；C. relying on依靠；D. getting rid of摆脱。根据下文“cutting down this tree”推知，作者曾经想过砍掉这棵黑胡桃树，即摆脱这种痛苦。故选D；
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：是的，然而，要除掉这棵50英尺高、树干87英寸的树几乎是不可能的。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. otherwise否则；D. instead反而，代替。根据yes和下文“cutting down this tree standing at 15 meters with an over 2-meter trunk is .”可知，上下文是转折关系。故选A；
28．考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. in progress进步；B. free of charge免费；C. under consideration在考虑中；D. next to impossible几乎不可能。根据“standing at 15 meters with an over 2-meter trunk”可知，要砍掉这棵黑胡桃树几乎不可能。故选D；
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：树木对城市森林和所有居住在森林里的鸟类和昆虫都很重要，这些鸟类和昆虫有助于健康和生物多样性的环境。A. Animals动物；B. Trees树；C. Water resources水资源；D. Sports parks运动公园。根据“important to the urban forest and to numerous birds and insect”可知，树木对森林和森林居民来说很重要。故选B；
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. respond回应；B. return返回，归还；C. contribute贡献，投稿，出力；D. adapt适应，改编。结合常识可知，森林里的动物有助于环境的健康和生物多样性。contribute to“有助于”。故选C；
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时我会想想没有黑胡桃树的生活。A. umbrella伞；B. tiny backyard小后院；C. black walnut黑胡桃；D. common plants常见植物。根据下文“who arrive every year and noisily sing before dawn in the tree. I’d miss falling asleep on lazy weekend afternoons as I into its leaves before the nuts are likely to fall at any time. ”可知，此处是指没有黑胡桃树的生活。故选C；
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我无法想象一个没有鸟儿的春天，它们每年都会在黎明前到来并大声唱歌。A. neighbors邻居；B. birds鸟；C. friends朋友；D. monkeys猴子。根据“who arrive every year and noisily sing before dawn in the tree.”可知，在树上唱歌的是鸟儿。故选B；
33．考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：当我抬头看着它的叶子时，我会怀念在慵懒的周末下午入睡的情景。A. climb up爬上；B. look up向上看；C. stare 凝视；D. watch out小心。根据“into its leaves”可知，是抬头向上看。故选B；
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年春天，我都想知道这个季节会怎样：烧烤时被打晕的几率有多大？A. knocked敲；B. frightened使……害怕；C. poisoned下毒，毒害；D. heated加热。根据上文“falling as hard as baseballs are a potential to the heads of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them.”可知，此处指作者想被黑胡桃树果子打晕的几率。故选A；
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为回报，我的黑胡桃树为丰富的野生动物提供了栖息地，也提醒了我，接受而不是抵制才是更好的方式。A. nutrition营养；B. amusement娱乐；C. a shelter庇护所；D. assistance帮助。根据上文“who arrive every year and noisily sing before dawn in the tree.”可知，这棵黑胡桃树是野生动物的栖息地，即这棵树为它们提供了庇护所。故选C；
36．考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. as well as和……；B. regardless of不管；C. in exchange for作为交换；D. instead of而非，而不是。根据文章讲述作者没有砍掉黑胡桃树而是留下它可知，作者明白了接受而非抵制是与自然相处的更好方式。故选D。
五、七选五阅读
【知识点】文学、科普知识、说明文
【答案】
37．F
38．B
39．E
40．A
41．D
【分析】本文从一个作家的视角并结合自身的写作经验,阐述查阅词典的重要性,并列举自己经常使用的几本权威词典,侧面印证查阅英文词典的益处。
【详解】
37．根据上文 If you want to be published, it s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript.可知,如果想要出版图书,提交专业、完美的原稿是至关重要的;下文No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.指出没有哪个编辑会容忍一个不能正确拼写单词的作家,设空处内容应与稿件的出版标准有关,即编辑喜欢什么样的稿件,起承上启下的作用。F项(这意味着良好的语法,没有拼写错误)符合语境,其中That指代上文中的“提交一份完美、专业的原稿”,no spelling mistakes与下文中的spell words correctly呼应。故选F项。
37根据上文 I don t trust my laptop s spellchecker.可推知,设空处应解释上文作者不信任笔记本拼写检查程序的原因。B项(它没有考虑到上下文)能够对此进行解释,并说明作者一直坚持用词典的原因,承接上文,符合语境。故选B项。
38．根据下文内容可知,下文强调词典具备的其他功能,设空处应该和词典的功能性相关。E项(当然,词典不仅仅用于检查拼写)能合理引出下文,符合语境。故选E项。
39．考查逻辑判断。
文本分析 根据第二段最后一句I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.可知,作者平时主要使用《牛津简明英语词典》和《柯林斯英语同义词词典》。
结构分析 设空处与下文之间由However连接,起到语义转折作用。
核对句意 再根据下文However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there s nothing better.可知,除非作者要考证词源,查找具体用法,才会使用上文提到的the Shorter Oxford Dictionary这本词典。由此可推知,该词典不经常使用。故A项(我不经常用这本词典)承接上文,与下文形成转折关系,符合语境。故选A项。
40．上文“To make dictionaries is dull work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”.指出,编词典是一项枯燥的工作,再根据下文A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.可知,阅读词典是一种有益的体验,与上文内容形成对比。设空处应表示转折。故D项(但是阅读词典可以是一种乐趣)符合语境,承上启下。故选D项。
六、语篇
【知识点】It be… that/who强调句型、一般现在时、不可数名词、不定冠词、其他介词、动名词作宾语、含情态动词的被动语态、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词、形容词作定语、形容词作表语、著名人物、记叙文、语法一致
【答案】42．which 43．various 44．serving 45．It 46．admiration 47．remains 48．Despite 49．encouraged 50．an 51．be heard
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了中国宋代著名诗人苏轼的生平经历、文学成就及其作品的深远影响，包括他的仕途起伏、在黄州的创作以及诗歌中展现的乐观精神。
【详解】42．考查定语从句。句意：19岁时，苏轼通过了科举考试，这是通往仕途的大门。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为the civil service examination，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
43．考查形容词。句意：随后他担任了各种政府职位，包括密州知州和徐州知州。此处修饰名词positions，用形容词作定语，vary的形容词为various意为“各种各样的”。故填various。
44．
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处作including的宾语，根据include doing sth.意为“包括做某事”可知，此处用动名词serving。故填serving。
45．考查强调句。句意：正是在这里，他写下了许多最优秀的诗篇，如《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》。此处为强调句结构“It is/was +被强调部分+that+其他”，句首单词首字母大写。故填It。
46．考查名词。句意：在这首诗中，他表达了对一些英雄人物的敬仰，并描述了自己的抱负和悲伤。此处作expressed的宾语，用名词形式，admire的名词为admiration意为“敬仰”，为不可数名词。故填admiration。
47．考查动词时态。句意：这首诗至今仍广受欢迎，几乎每个中国学生都能背诵：“大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物……”。此处为谓语动词，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The poem为第三人称单数。故填remains。
48．考查介词。句意：尽管生活艰难，苏轼的作品却展现出自信和乐观的精神。根据句意，上下文之间为让步关系，此处表示“尽管”，用介词despite，后接名词短语his hard life，句首单词首字母大写。故填Despite。
49．考查形容词作表语。句意：他的诗让人们感到受鼓舞，提醒他们即使在最艰难的时刻，也总有希望的空间。此处作feel的表语，修饰人，用encourage的过去分词转化的形容词encouraged意为“受鼓舞的”符合句意。故填encouraged。
50．考查冠词。句意：即使在今天，苏轼的诗歌仍然对中国人产生巨大的影响。influence为可数名词单数，表泛指“一种巨大的影响”，且enormous以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。
51．考查动词语态。句意：在中国各地的教室里总能听到它们，也能在许多中国学者的作品中看到它们的引用。此处为谓语动词，they（指代poems）与hear为被动关系，且位于情态动词can后，用含有情态动词的被动语态can be heard。故填be heard。
七、应用文写作
【知识点】一般现在时、学校生活、日常活动、演讲稿、环境保护
52．【答案】
Dear teachers and classmates,
Good morning! Today, I’d like to deliver a speech on The Power of Small Actions in Environmental Protection.
As we all know, protecting the environment is crucial to preserving ecosystems, combating climate change, and ensuring a healthy, sustainable future for all living beings. Then, how can we help Small daily actions do make a big difference. For example, I’ve started bringing a reusable water bottle and refusing plastic bags. At home, I turn off lights when I leave a room and recycle paper. These habits save resources and reduce waste.
Therefore, I appeal to all of you to start with small habits, because every step counts. Thank you for listening!
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。考生所在校将举办主题为“The Power of Small Actions in Environmental Protection”的英语演讲比赛，要求考生就此写一篇演讲稿。
【详解】
1．词汇积累：
至关重要的：crucial→vital
对抗：combat→fight
关闭：turn off→swith off
呼吁：appeal→call on
2．句式拓展：
同义句
原句：As we all know, protecting the environment is crucial to preserving ecosystems, combating climate change, and ensuring a healthy, sustainable future for all living beings.
拓展句：As we all know, it is crucial to preserve ecosystems, combat climate change, and ensure a healthy, sustainable future for all living beings by protecting the environment.
八、读后续写
【知识点】一般过去时、动物植物、生活故事
53．【答案】One possible version:
I realized it was me who was at fault. I had been so focused on keeping the party under control that I failed to consider how important Toby was to my brother during this difficult time． My pride had kept me from reaching out, and now months had passed without a proper conversation. One evening, I picked up the phone and left him a voice message, apologizing for my behavior and asking if we could meet. To my relief, he called back the next day, and we agreed to get together soon.
With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother’s door. He opened it with a surprised smile, and for a moment, neither of us spoke． Then we hugged — something we hadn’t done since before his wife passed away. We sat on the porch with Toby resting beside us, and I handed him the box of biscuits. “Thank you,” he said quietly. We talked for hours, laughing, remembering old times, and slowly rebuilding what had been lost. As I watched Toby gently rest his head on my brother’s leg, I knew we were finally on the path to healing.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者因担心弟弟的狗Toby影响聚会，要求弟弟看好狗，后因天气变化导致弟弟提前离开并心生芥蒂。两个月后作者意识到自己的过错，主动带着妻子做的饼干登门道歉，最终兄弟俩和解的故事，展现了亲情中理解与包容的重要性。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我意识到是我错了。” 可知，第一段可描写作者反思自己在聚会上只顾控制局面，忽视了Toby对弟弟的重要性，因骄傲迟迟未联系弟弟，最终通过电话留言道歉并约定见面。
②由第二段首句内容“带着妻子做的饼干，我来到了弟弟家门口。”可知，第二段可描写弟弟开门时的惊讶与沉默，兄弟俩拥抱和解，坐在门廊上谈心，看着Toby依偎在弟弟腿边，明白亲情修复的意义。
2.续写线索：反思过错——电话留言道歉——约定见面——带饼干登门——拥抱沉默——谈心和解——领悟亲情
3.词汇激活
行为类
①道歉：apologize/say sorry/make an apology
②拥抱：hug/embrace
③重建：rebuild/restore/reconstruct
情绪类：
①宽慰：relief/comfort/satisfaction/ease
②惊讶：surprised /shocked/astonished
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