2026全国版高考英语一轮
主题十五 灾害防范
组合练一:阅读(2)& 七选五
1 三年模拟 (2025届山东烟台期中,B) 主题：消防
George C. Hale served as the Chief of the Kansas City Fire Department for 21 years. At the end of the 19th century, he enhanced firefighting with his more than 60 patented inventions, including the Hale Water Tower and the automatic fire alarm, and helped bring America's fire departments into the modern era.
In Kansas' early history, fires were common in most homes built of wood and heated with coal. Every second mattered for the crews tasked with putting them out. Hale was a mechanical genius, solving the problems firefighters faced in his era.
Teams of trained horses were used to transport equipment to and from fires from 1860 to 1927. Harnessing(上挽具) the horses was a time-consuming business until Hale invented the swinging horse harness. The harness was suspended from the ceiling of the fire station. When the alarm sounded, the horses moved into place and the harness broke open and dropped into position, making them spring into action with lightning speed.
Hale drilled his team to make certain every moment counted. Demonstrations of their record-speed harness were so successful that major cities demanded to see the Kansas City firefighters in action. The team was even invited to represent the United States as the “American Fire Team” at the International Fire Congress in London in 1893 for an audience with Queen Victoria.
Passionate about seeking new approaches to upgrading firefighting, Hale made numerous inventions, facilitating firefighters' work efficiency. He even hired a circus gymnast to teach firefighters physical fitness. His novel ideas dramatically changed the whole fire service.
In the end, Hale was brought down by politics. In 1902, he was fired owing to his political conflict with the authorities, yet Hale didn't quit his commitment to firefighting. He actively advised departments around the country and sold fire control facilities as far away as Russia. When he died in 1923, the Kansas City Journal called him “one of the greatest fire chiefs in the history of modern firefighting”.
1. What was the advantage of George C. Hale's swinging harness
A. It allowed horses to run faster.
B. It reduced response time to fire.
C. It made horses more defensive.
D. It relieved the horses' fear of fire.
2. Why does the author mention the International Fire Congress
A. To indicate the excellence of Hale's team.
B. To compare diverse firefighting techniques.
C. To evaluate the role of the international stage.
D. To convince people of America's efforts in firefighting.
3. What is the author's attitude towards George C. Hale
A. Critical. B. Sympathetic. C. Forgiving. D. Admiring.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. Honors of the Kansas City Fire Department
B. Development of Kansas' Firefighting Cause
C. George C. Hale: A Witness to the Fire Service
D. A Great Contributor to Firefighting: George C. Hale
2 三年模拟 (2025届山东省实验中学期中,D)
主题：灾害防范
The world is already facing natural disasters of epic proportions as temperatures rise. The only known method able to quickly arrest this temperature rise is climate engineering, which is a set of proposed actions to deliberately alter the climate.
These actions include imitating the cooling effects of large volcanic eruptions by putting large amounts of reflective particles(微粒) in the atmosphere, or making low clouds over the ocean brighter. Both strategies would reflect a small amount of sunlight back to space to cool the planet.
There are many unanswered questions, however, about the effects of intentionally altering the climate. One of the largest concerns for many countries is national security. That doesn't just mean wars; risks to food, energy and water supplies are national security issues.
Besides, a climate engineering project in one country is likely to affect temperature and rainfall in neighboring countries. That could be good or bad for crops, water supplies and flood risk. Once climate engineering is employed, countries may be more likely to blame climate engineering for extreme events such as hurricanes, floods and droughts, regardless of the evidence.
While small experiments have been carried out, nobody has conducted large-scale climate engineering yet. That means that a lot of information about its effects relies on climate models. For now, there are more questions about climate engineering than answers. It's hard to say whether climate engineering would create more conflict, or if it could defuse international tensions by reducing climate change.
But international decisions on climate engineering are likely coming soon. At the United Nations Environment Assembly in 2024, African countries called for a postponement of climate engineering, urging all precautions. Other nations, including the United States, pressed for a formal scientific group to study the risks and benefits before making any decisions.
Climate engineering could be part of a reasonable solution to climate change. But it also carries risks. Put simply, climate engineering is a technology that can't be ignored, but more research is needed so policymakers can make informed decisions.
1. What does the underlined word “arrest” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Force. B. Cease. C. Adopt. D. Match.
2. What do we know about climate engineering
A. It aims at reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
B. It reflects a small amount of sunlight back to the earth.
C. It includes actions that copy the natural cooling effects.
D. It mainly uses reflective particles to create brighter clouds.
3. What has led to concerns about climate engineering
A. Climate models.
B. Weather conditions.
C. Unidentified effects.
D. Geographical locations.
4. What does the author imply in the last two paragraphs
A. Progress has been made in international cooperation.
B. A precaution is a better solution than climate engineering.
C. Different regions will embrace climate engineering altogether.
D. Follow-up studies are required to carry out climate engineering.
3 三年模拟 (2025届江苏南通海安期中) 主题：灾害防范
A smartphone can be a lifeline in a natural disaster. 1. Unfortunately, many disasters like wildfires, floods, earthquakes and hurricanes take away the exact things phones rely on to do that work: electricity and cell services. Here are some of the best ways you can get your phone in the best shape to help you.
Assume your electricity can go out at any time and plan accordingly. 2. If possible, leave them plugged in until the last minute. Also charge any backup batteries and laptops, then make sure all charging cords are collected in one place to take with you. If the power is out, or if you're no longer someplace with an outlet, you'll need to make any charges last as long as possible.
3. Extreme cold and heat can cause your phone battery to be less efficient and even stop your phone from working. You'll typically see a warning sign on the screen if this happens. If you can turn it off, don't turn it back on until it's back to an acceptable temperature. Whether it's extreme cold or heat, avoid leaving your phone exposed and don't leave it in a car.
Your friends and family will want to know you are safe and your location in case you aren't safe. Send your location to everyone over the text, so they'll know where to look if you lose contact. Make sure to include people outside of the disaster zone. If you are using a GPS location-sharing option, don't just send your current spot one time. 4.
If you're struggling to find reliable Internet connections, there are apps that could still help you stay in touch or give you helpful information. 5. For example, download the Google Maps information for surrounding areas in case you need to move fast and cell service isn't available. Put in your main location, hit the three dots in the corner, and select Download Offline Map. You can crop the exact area you think you'll need.
A. You should select the option to share it constantly.
B. Charge your phone and any additional devices ahead of time.
C. Don't use your phone for a long time when in a natural disaster.
D. It can connect you instantly to assistance and real-time resources.
E. Most modern phones are sturdy but sensitive to their environments.
F. Download and set them up early as part of your disaster preparation.
G. If your phone gets wet, shake out any excess water and remove the battery.
组合练二:阅读(2)& 完形
1 五年高考 (2022新高考Ⅱ,C) 主题：安全常识
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted(分心) driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
1. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A. Ineffective.
B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent.
D. Unfair.
2. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A. Where a driver came from.
B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going.
D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
3. What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
4. What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone:The Textalyzer
2 五年高考 (2024浙江一考,C) 主题：灾害防范
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm(雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture(水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes(龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
1. What does the project aim to do
A. Conserve moisture in the soil.
B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
2. Who are opposed to the project
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials.
D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
3. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
3 三年模拟 (2025届河北邯郸模拟预测) 主题：灾害
One day, hundreds of people were stuck in traffic on the highway in below-freezing temperatures due to a snowstorm. With the conditions making it 1 for rescue workers to help, many were trapped overnight with no access to 2 .
But one stuck driver found a 3 spot in the despair. As she was sitting in her car fearing the 4 , Casey Holihan and her husband, John Noe, 5 a bread truck just ahead of them in the jam. Willing to try just about anything, they called the customer service number listed on the back of the truck and left a 6 begging the driver to open the back and 7 bread to the hungry passengers around them. It was a last-ditch(孤注一掷的) effort, and the couple wasn't very 8 about getting a response. But to their 9 , they soon received a phone call from the company's owner, Chuck Paterakis, with the news that he was 10 the truck's driver to open up and pass out loaves of bread from his cargo. Overjoyed by the news, Holihan and Noe 11 the truck's driver to bring much-needed things to the cars around them.
The simple loaves of bread were surely a ray of 12 in an impossibly disturbing situation. Holihan herself calls it “one of the 13 moments” she's ever witnessed. This company could have made a(n) 14 from the bread but instead, they chose to help the people around them. It is just so incredible that someone chose 15 over profit, especially in a situation where people were so desperate.
1. A. stressful B. effortless C. practical D. difficult
2. A. water B. necessities C. bread D. blankets
3. A. new B. familiar C. bright D. strange
4. A. least B. best C. most D. worst
5. A. spotted B. realized C. stared D. knew
6. A. number B. message C. note D. clue
7. A. lend B. sell C. distribute D. send
8. A. upset B. optimistic C. excited D. anxious
9. A. relief B. regret C. surprise D. credit
10. A. consulting B. guiding C. begging D. instructing
11. A. kept up with B. teamed up with C. met up with D. put up with
12. A. hope B. truth C. inspiration D. faith
13. A. happiest B. bravest C. kindest D. friendliest
14. A. profit B. difference C. living D. contribution
15. A. welfare B. fame C. award D. humanity
组合练三:七选五& 应用文写作
1 三年模拟 (2024湖南师范大学附属中学二模)
主题：自然灾害
Floods can come from multiple sources. It can be a hurricane, a failed dam, or an overflowing river. Disasters can move quickly. 1. It's important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event. Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places. In general, there are two types. 2. The soil in these areas can't absorb a lot of moisture. The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent(激流) of rapidly moving water. River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive(过多的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee(防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things. 3. Living next to a river, a dam, on the coast, or in a low-lying area puts you at risk of flooding.
There is no specific flood season. 4. Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period, flooding can occur. Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months. For example, the collapse of a dam can cause a flood. A natural disaster, such as a tsunami, can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
5. Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding. Moreover, flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A. The rising river threatens people's lives.
B. Floods can be predictable and preventable.
C. Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D. And sometimes they come with little warning.
E. The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F. They include severe weather, geography, and other man-made factors.
G. Generally, the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
2 三年模拟 (2025届安徽阜阳临泉田家炳实验中学期中)
(询问信)假定你是在加拿大学习的交换生李华,听说学校创立了消防员训练营(Firefighter Boot Camp),请给好朋友Jack写一封邮件,内容包括:
1. 咨询训练营的主要活动及入营条件;
2. 表达参加欲望。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Jack,
I hope this email finds you well.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
主题十五 灾害防范
组合练一:阅读(2)& 七选五
1 三年模拟 (2025届山东烟台期中,B) 主题：消防
George C. Hale served as the Chief of the Kansas City Fire Department for 21 years. At the end of the 19th century, he enhanced firefighting with his more than 60 patented inventions, including the Hale Water Tower and the automatic fire alarm, and helped bring America's fire departments into the modern era.
In Kansas' early history, fires were common in most homes built of wood and heated with coal. Every second mattered for the crews tasked with putting them out. Hale was a mechanical genius, solving the problems firefighters faced in his era.
Teams of trained horses were used to transport equipment to and from fires from 1860 to 1927. Harnessing(上挽具) the horses was a time-consuming business until Hale invented the swinging horse harness. The harness was suspended from the ceiling of the fire station. When the alarm sounded, the horses moved into place and the harness broke open and dropped into position, making them spring into action with lightning speed.
Hale drilled his team to make certain every moment counted. Demonstrations of their record-speed harness were so successful that major cities demanded to see the Kansas City firefighters in action. The team was even invited to represent the United States as the “American Fire Team” at the International Fire Congress in London in 1893 for an audience with Queen Victoria.
Passionate about seeking new approaches to upgrading firefighting, Hale made numerous inventions, facilitating firefighters' work efficiency. He even hired a circus gymnast to teach firefighters physical fitness. His novel ideas dramatically changed the whole fire service.
In the end, Hale was brought down by politics. In 1902, he was fired owing to his political conflict with the authorities, yet Hale didn't quit his commitment to firefighting. He actively advised departments around the country and sold fire control facilities as far away as Russia. When he died in 1923, the Kansas City Journal called him “one of the greatest fire chiefs in the history of modern firefighting”.
1. What was the advantage of George C. Hale's swinging harness
A. It allowed horses to run faster.
B. It reduced response time to fire.
C. It made horses more defensive.
D. It relieved the horses' fear of fire.
2. Why does the author mention the International Fire Congress
A. To indicate the excellence of Hale's team.
B. To compare diverse firefighting techniques.
C. To evaluate the role of the international stage.
D. To convince people of America's efforts in firefighting.
3. What is the author's attitude towards George C. Hale
A. Critical. B. Sympathetic. C. Forgiving. D. Admiring.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. Honors of the Kansas City Fire Department
B. Development of Kansas' Firefighting Cause
C. George C. Hale: A Witness to the Fire Service
D. A Great Contributor to Firefighting: George C. Hale
答案
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D
2 三年模拟 (2025届山东省实验中学期中,D)
主题：灾害防范
The world is already facing natural disasters of epic proportions as temperatures rise. The only known method able to quickly arrest this temperature rise is climate engineering, which is a set of proposed actions to deliberately alter the climate.
These actions include imitating the cooling effects of large volcanic eruptions by putting large amounts of reflective particles(微粒) in the atmosphere, or making low clouds over the ocean brighter. Both strategies would reflect a small amount of sunlight back to space to cool the planet.
There are many unanswered questions, however, about the effects of intentionally altering the climate. One of the largest concerns for many countries is national security. That doesn't just mean wars; risks to food, energy and water supplies are national security issues.
Besides, a climate engineering project in one country is likely to affect temperature and rainfall in neighboring countries. That could be good or bad for crops, water supplies and flood risk. Once climate engineering is employed, countries may be more likely to blame climate engineering for extreme events such as hurricanes, floods and droughts, regardless of the evidence.
While small experiments have been carried out, nobody has conducted large-scale climate engineering yet. That means that a lot of information about its effects relies on climate models. For now, there are more questions about climate engineering than answers. It's hard to say whether climate engineering would create more conflict, or if it could defuse international tensions by reducing climate change.
But international decisions on climate engineering are likely coming soon. At the United Nations Environment Assembly in 2024, African countries called for a postponement of climate engineering, urging all precautions. Other nations, including the United States, pressed for a formal scientific group to study the risks and benefits before making any decisions.
Climate engineering could be part of a reasonable solution to climate change. But it also carries risks. Put simply, climate engineering is a technology that can't be ignored, but more research is needed so policymakers can make informed decisions.
1. What does the underlined word “arrest” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Force. B. Cease. C. Adopt. D. Match.
2. What do we know about climate engineering
A. It aims at reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
B. It reflects a small amount of sunlight back to the earth.
C. It includes actions that copy the natural cooling effects.
D. It mainly uses reflective particles to create brighter clouds.
3. What has led to concerns about climate engineering
A. Climate models.
B. Weather conditions.
C. Unidentified effects.
D. Geographical locations.
4. What does the author imply in the last two paragraphs
A. Progress has been made in international cooperation.
B. A precaution is a better solution than climate engineering.
C. Different regions will embrace climate engineering altogether.
D. Follow-up studies are required to carry out climate engineering.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D
3 三年模拟 (2025届江苏南通海安期中) 主题：灾害防范
A smartphone can be a lifeline in a natural disaster. 1. Unfortunately, many disasters like wildfires, floods, earthquakes and hurricanes take away the exact things phones rely on to do that work: electricity and cell services. Here are some of the best ways you can get your phone in the best shape to help you.
Assume your electricity can go out at any time and plan accordingly. 2. If possible, leave them plugged in until the last minute. Also charge any backup batteries and laptops, then make sure all charging cords are collected in one place to take with you. If the power is out, or if you're no longer someplace with an outlet, you'll need to make any charges last as long as possible.
3. Extreme cold and heat can cause your phone battery to be less efficient and even stop your phone from working. You'll typically see a warning sign on the screen if this happens. If you can turn it off, don't turn it back on until it's back to an acceptable temperature. Whether it's extreme cold or heat, avoid leaving your phone exposed and don't leave it in a car.
Your friends and family will want to know you are safe and your location in case you aren't safe. Send your location to everyone over the text, so they'll know where to look if you lose contact. Make sure to include people outside of the disaster zone. If you are using a GPS location-sharing option, don't just send your current spot one time. 4.
If you're struggling to find reliable Internet connections, there are apps that could still help you stay in touch or give you helpful information. 5. For example, download the Google Maps information for surrounding areas in case you need to move fast and cell service isn't available. Put in your main location, hit the three dots in the corner, and select Download Offline Map. You can crop the exact area you think you'll need.
A. You should select the option to share it constantly.
B. Charge your phone and any additional devices ahead of time.
C. Don't use your phone for a long time when in a natural disaster.
D. It can connect you instantly to assistance and real-time resources.
E. Most modern phones are sturdy but sensitive to their environments.
F. Download and set them up early as part of your disaster preparation.
G. If your phone gets wet, shake out any excess water and remove the battery.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. E 4. A 5. F
组合练二:阅读(2)& 完形
1 五年高考 (2022新高考Ⅱ,C) 主题：安全常识
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted(分心) driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
1. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A. Ineffective.
B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent.
D. Unfair.
2. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A. Where a driver came from.
B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going.
D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
3. What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
4. What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone:The Textalyzer
答案
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B
2 五年高考 (2024浙江一考,C) 主题：灾害防范
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm(雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture(水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought,” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes(龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
1. What does the project aim to do
A. Conserve moisture in the soil.
B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
2. Who are opposed to the project
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials.
D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
3. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D
3 三年模拟 (2025届河北邯郸模拟预测) 主题：灾害
One day, hundreds of people were stuck in traffic on the highway in below-freezing temperatures due to a snowstorm. With the conditions making it 1 for rescue workers to help, many were trapped overnight with no access to 2 .
But one stuck driver found a 3 spot in the despair. As she was sitting in her car fearing the 4 , Casey Holihan and her husband, John Noe, 5 a bread truck just ahead of them in the jam. Willing to try just about anything, they called the customer service number listed on the back of the truck and left a 6 begging the driver to open the back and 7 bread to the hungry passengers around them. It was a last-ditch(孤注一掷的) effort, and the couple wasn't very 8 about getting a response. But to their 9 , they soon received a phone call from the company's owner, Chuck Paterakis, with the news that he was 10 the truck's driver to open up and pass out loaves of bread from his cargo. Overjoyed by the news, Holihan and Noe 11 the truck's driver to bring much-needed things to the cars around them.
The simple loaves of bread were surely a ray of 12 in an impossibly disturbing situation. Holihan herself calls it “one of the 13 moments” she's ever witnessed. This company could have made a(n) 14 from the bread but instead, they chose to help the people around them. It is just so incredible that someone chose 15 over profit, especially in a situation where people were so desperate.
1. A. stressful B. effortless C. practical D. difficult
2. A. water B. necessities C. bread D. blankets
3. A. new B. familiar C. bright D. strange
4. A. least B. best C. most D. worst
5. A. spotted B. realized C. stared D. knew
6. A. number B. message C. note D. clue
7. A. lend B. sell C. distribute D. send
8. A. upset B. optimistic C. excited D. anxious
9. A. relief B. regret C. surprise D. credit
10. A. consulting B. guiding C. begging D. instructing
11. A. kept up with B. teamed up with C. met up with D. put up with
12. A. hope B. truth C. inspiration D. faith
13. A. happiest B. bravest C. kindest D. friendliest
14. A. profit B. difference C. living D. contribution
15. A. welfare B. fame C. award D. humanity
答案
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D
组合练三:七选五& 应用文写作
1 三年模拟 (2024湖南师范大学附属中学二模)
主题：自然灾害
Floods can come from multiple sources. It can be a hurricane, a failed dam, or an overflowing river. Disasters can move quickly. 1. It's important to know how to keep your family and belongings safe during such an event. Full preparation can put you at ease for its coming.
A flood is simply an event where water overflows a natural area and covers normally dry places. In general, there are two types. 2. The soil in these areas can't absorb a lot of moisture. The water then rapidly runs off the surface resulting in a torrent(激流) of rapidly moving water. River flooding is when a river overflows its banks due to excessive(过多的) water and the situation can get worse if barriers such as a dam or levee(防洪堤) break as well.
A flood can be caused by many things. 3. Living next to a river, a dam, on the coast, or in a low-lying area puts you at risk of flooding.
There is no specific flood season. 4. Any time there is a large amount of rain in a short period, flooding can occur. Man-made and natural disasters can also cause flooding outside of those months. For example, the collapse of a dam can cause a flood. A natural disaster, such as a tsunami, can also cause flooding on a massive scale.
5. Using existing maps and examining low-lying areas can determine high risk areas for flooding. Moreover, flood warnings are sent out to areas that could experience flooding when there is a large amount of rainfall over a short time.
A. The rising river threatens people's lives.
B. Floods can be predictable and preventable.
C. Flash floods are more common in dry areas.
D. And sometimes they come with little warning.
E. The weather forecast accurately predicts all disasters.
F. They include severe weather, geography, and other man-made factors.
G. Generally, the period from spring to fall is considered a heightened risk for floods.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. F 4. G 5. B
2 三年模拟 (2025届安徽阜阳临泉田家炳实验中学期中)
(询问信)假定你是在加拿大学习的交换生李华,听说学校创立了消防员训练营(Firefighter Boot Camp),请给好朋友Jack写一封邮件,内容包括:
1. 咨询训练营的主要活动及入营条件;
2. 表达参加欲望。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Jack,
I hope this email finds you well.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案
One possible version:
Dear Jack,
I hope this email finds you well. I'm currently in Canada as an exchange student and have heard some exciting news about our school launching a Firefighter Boot Camp. I'm writing to learn more about this opportunity.
Could you please tell me about the main activities involved in the boot camp I'm interested in understanding the skills and experiences that participants will gain. Additionally, I'd like to know the conditions required to join the camp. Is there a specific set of qualifications or prerequisites that one must meet I must admit the idea of participating in such a camp is incredibly appealing to me.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
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