八年级下册(牛津深圳版)Unit4 Cartoons and comic strips 语法Grammar+被动语态(2)(含解析)

Unit 4 Cartoons and comic strips
被动语态(2)
(时间:40分钟,满分:100分)
现在完成时和情态动词的被动语态
概念:被动语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系,表示主语是动作的承受者。
二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换(be done)
We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
That factory was visited by us last summer. 被动语态
三.主动句变被动句动词结构的变化
①现在完成时的被动语态:has/ have + (not) + been + done The room has already been cleaned by the students.
②含情态动词的被动语态:should/ must + (not) + be + done The room should be cleaned every day.
四.特殊情况(无被动语态的情况)
①表示主语本身的性质时不用被动,如 write, sell, ride 等;如:The book sells well.
②不及物动词,如 die, disappear, sit 等;
③感官系动词,如 look, sound, taste, smell, feel,如:She looks tired.
④常考无被动情况的动词及短语:happen, take place, break out, belong to.
⑤使役动词(make, let)在主动句中,其后的动词不带to,但变被动是必须加上to.
The boss made the worker work for 12 hours yesterday.
改为被动语态->The worker was made to work for 12 hours yesterday by the boss.
一、单项选择(本大题共50小题,每小题2分,共100分)
1.—How often do I feed the pet dog
—It ______ food every day, or it will be hungry.
A.must give B.must be give C.must gave D.must be given
2.Teenagers ________ allowed to drive.
A.should not be B.should be not C.not should be D.should
3.The teacher must ________ carefully in class.
A.listen B.be listened C.be listened to D.be listening
4.Some people think trees________on Tree Planting Day only.
A.should plant B.should be plant C.should be planted
5.The young tree ________ well when it is planted.
A.mustn’t watered B.should be watered C.must water D.should water
6.It’s known that food and medicine must ________ at a low temperature.
A.keep B.be kept C.be keeping D.to keep
7.Your homework must be ________ this morning, or you can’t hand it in on time.
A.finish B.finished C.finishes D.finishing
8.The air pollution is very serious in our city. Something ________ about it now.
A.can do B.must do C.was done D.must be done
9.—There is a lot of wind in the north of our country.
—Well, more trees ________ every year to stop the wind and the sand.
A.must plant B.should be planted C.should be planting D.should plant
10.I found this book on my desk when I came to class. It ______ by one of the students in the earlier class, but I’m not sure of it.
A.may leave B.may be left C.must leave D.must be left
11.—Do you think teenagers ______ to make their own decisions
—No, I don’t think so. After all, they are too young.
A.might be encouraged B.might encourage C.should be encouraged
12.The parents believe that they ________ to take care of themselves from a young age.
A.should be educated B.should educate
C.are educated D.were educated
13.—Tom always breaks rules at school. Could you help him
—No problem! I think he _________ to think twice before starting.
A.should tell B.should be told C.should be telling
14.Teenagers should ________ to drive.
A.not allow B.not allowed C.not be allowed D.be not allowed
15.—It is difficult for village students to cross the river to school.
—I think a bridge ________ over the river.
A.was built B.should be built C.will build D.is building
16.—The traffic is too busy. We have to drive slowly.
—Yeah. I think more new roads ________ in our city.
A.are built B.should build C.should be built
17.Emily has a good voice. I think her interest in singing ________.
A.will encourage B.won’t encourage
C.should be encouraged D.shouldn’t be encouraged
18.The books ________ out of the library. But you can read here.
A.can take B.can be taken C.can’t be taken D.mustn’t take
19.—Food safety is very important to us.
—I think so. More rules about it _________ in the future.
A.should be made B.were made C.have made
20.A new type of AI called ChatGPT ________ to chat, translate, write essays and so on.
A.can be used B.should be used C.must be used
21.Teachers always tell us homework must ________ on time.
A.finish B.be finish C.finished D.be finished
22.The moon and stars ________ in the sky on clear nights in summer.
A.can see B.can’t see C.can be seen D.can’t be seen
23.During the Tang Dynasty, nearly everything produced in the world ______ on the streets of Chang’ an.
A.found B.were found C.could be found
24.The dictionary mustn’t _______ from the library .
A.take away B.taken away C.are taken away D.be taken away
25.— Teachers should ________ carefully.
— I think so. It’s a good way to study well.
A.listen to B.be listened to C.be listening to
26.—It’s reported that PE will be given more points in High School Entrance Examination.
—What big news! So more attention should ________ to exercise.
A.put B.pay C.be put D.be paid
27.The trees must ________ three times a week.
A.water B.is watering C.be watered D.waters
28.—I think our classroom must ________ every day.
—Yes, but we can do it after school.
A.clean B.cleaned C.be cleaning D.be cleaned
29.—Passengers ________ if they do something that influences the normal driving of the driver.
—Yes, safety comes first. People should obey the traffic rules.
A.punish B.will punish C.should be punished
30.The lights in the classroom should ________ when there is nobody in it.
A.turning off B.be turned off C.turn off
31.During the Tang Dynasty, nearly everything produced in the world ______ on the streets of Chang’an.
A.has been found B.could be found C.had been found
32.Some of the milk got bad before reaching the market and ________ away.
A.must throw B.had to throw C.had to be thrown
33.—I hear that Mike has been ________ from the soccer team. Is that true
—Yes, he is often late for training.
A.fallen B.dropped C.broken D.competed
34.Many new things ________ in the last ten years.
A.were invented B.will be invented C.are invented D.have been invented
35.Two houses ________ for the teachers since two years ago.
A.are built B.will be built C.have been built D.were built
36.—The result of the exam ________ to you by email. Didn’t you receive it
—Oh, sorry. I’ll check it right now.
A.will send B.will be sent C.has sent D.has been sent
37.How many pieces of furniture ________ at IKEA since last year
A.have sold B.has sold C.were sold D.have been sold
38.Half of the trees on the earth ______ in the last 200 years.
A.was destroyed B.have been destroyed C.were destroyed D.has been destroyed
39.These windows________. Now they are very clean.
A.were washed B.will be washed C.have been washed D.are washed
40.— Lily, will you go to Jenny’s birthday party this Saturday
— I’m not sure. Because I ________ so far.
A.am not invited B.haven’t been invited C.won’t be invited
41.Half of the work ________ by now.
A.has finished B.has been finished C.have been finished D.finish
42.Man-made satellites ________ into space by many countries.
A.was sent up B.is sent up C.have been sent up D.has been sent up
43.The peaches in this village are very delicious. So far, they ________ .
A.sell out B.sold out C.have been sold out D.have sold out
44.Many of Moyan’s books ________ into other languages so far.
A.will be translated B.have been translated C.are translated
45.—The air in the park is really fresh!
—Exactly! A lot of more trees ________ in the last few years here.
A.have planted B.were planted C.planted D.have been planted
46.So far, new energy automobiles(汽车) ________ by more and more people in our city.
A.will use B.will be used C.have used D.have been used
47.—Do you need any help
—No, thanks. We ________ a lot of support since last year.
A.have offered B.have been offered
C.were offered D.are offered
48.So far, many people’s lives ________ with the help of the doctors and nurses.
A.are saved B.were saved C.will be saved D.have been saved
49.Recently some of the venues(场馆) for the Beijing Winter Olympics ________ and will be open to the public soon.
A.are rebuilt B.were rebuilt C.have been rebuilt D.will be rebuilt
50.The office is dirty. It ________ for days.
A.wasn’t cleaned B.didn’t clean C.hasn’t been cleaned D.doesn’t clean
参考答案:
1.D
【详解】句意:——我多久喂一次宠物狗呢?——(你)必须每天都给它喂食,否则它会饿的。
考查被动语态。根据句子结构可知,“it”指代“宠物狗”,作主语,是动作的承受者,应用被动语态,即:情态动词+be+过去分词。故选D。
2.A
【详解】句意:青少年不应该被允许驾驶车辆。
考查情态动词的被动语态和否定句。根据语境可知,此题为否定句。“Teenagers”和“allowed”是被动关系,用被动语态。又因为含有情态动词,则应该用情态动词的被动语态,结构为should be done。否定形式为should not be done。故选A。
3.C
【详解】句意:在课堂上必须认真听老师讲课。
考查情态动词的被动语态。根据题干可知“listen to...”听,后接宾语; teacher是listen to的动作承受者,所以用被动语态,根据must可知是情态动词被动语态,构成是must be+过去分词,即 must be listened to,故选C。
4.C
【详解】句意:一些人认为树只应该在植树节被种植。
考查被动语态。主语是trees,和plant是动宾关系,故要用被动语态,其结构是be done。故选C。
5.B
【详解】句意:栽种小树时要好好浇水。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。主语tree与动词water之间是被动关系,故此处应用被动语态be done的结构,四个选项中只有B是含有情态动词的被动语态,故选B。
6.B
【详解】句意:众所周知食物和药品必须保存在很低的温度下。
考查动词语态。情态动词“must”后面接动词原形。主语“food and medicine”与动词“keep”之间是被动关系,用情态动词的被动形式“must be kept”。故选B。
7.B
【详解】句意:你的家庭作业必须今天早晨完成,否则你不能按时上交。
考查动词的语态。主语“Your homework”与动词“finish”之间是被动关系,情态动词“must”后用“be finished”。空处填过去分词finished。故选B。
8.D
【详解】句意:我们城市的空气污染很严重,现在必须采取措施。
考查情态动词和被动语态。can do能做;must do必须做;was done被做,动词的一般过去时的被动;must be done必须被做,是情态动词加动词的被动形式。根据“我们城市的空气污染很严重”可知此处指“必须采取措施”,要用情态动词must;句子中主语something是动作的承受者,要用被动语态,此处do的被动语态为must be done。故选D。
9.B
【详解】句意:——在我们国家的北部有很多风。——是的,每年都必须种更多的树来阻止风沙。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。must plant必须种植;should be planted应该被种植是被动语态;should be planting形式错误;should plant应该种植。分析句子成分可知,句子的主语more trees和动词plant之间是动宾关系,故应使用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动结构为“情态动词+be+动词过去分词”。故选B。
10.B
【详解】句意:当我来上课时,我在书桌上发现了这本书。它可能是上一节课的某个学生留下的,但我不确定。
考查情态动词的被动语态。may可能;must必须。根据“but I’m not sure of it”可知,此处表示某种可能性,应用情态动词may。It指代前文提到的book,与动词leave之间是被动关系,应用含有情态动词的被动语态,故选B。
11.C
【详解】句意:——你认为青少年应该被鼓励自己做决定吗?——不,我不这样认为,毕竟他们还太年轻。
考查情态动词的被动语态。might可能;should应该。根据“teenagers ... to make their own decisions”可知,此处是询问青少年应该被鼓励自己做决定吗,空处用should表示,且主语与谓语encourage之间是动宾关系,因此用被动语态。故选C。
12.A
【详解】句意:父母认为他们应该从小就被教育要照顾好自己。
考查被动语态。句中that引导的是宾语从句,其中主语they和谓语动词educate之间是被动关系,情态动词should表“ 应该”,含情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be done。故选A。
13.B
【详解】句意:——汤姆在学校总是违反校规。你能帮他吗?——没问题!我认为应该告诉他在开始之前要三思。
考查情态动词的被动语态。由“I think he … to think twice before starting”可知,主语he是动作tell的承受者,应是被告知,故用被动语态,结合选项可知,含情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+ be+done。故选B。
14.C
【详解】句意:青少年不应该被允许开车。
考查含情态动词的被动语态。根据“Teenagers should...to drive.”可知,不应允许青少年开车,主语“teenagers”和动词“allow”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be done,故排除选项A和B;空前是情态动词should,此处应是should not be allowed to do sth.“不应被允许做某事”。故选C。
15.B
【详解】句意:——村里的学生很难渡河上学。——我认为应该在河上建一座桥。
考查含情态动词的被动语态。根据“It is difficult for village students to cross the river to school.”可知,此句应是表示建议,应该在河上建一座桥,主语“a bridge”和谓语动词build之间是被动关系,所以该句应用带有情态动词的被动语态,结构为“should be done”,故选B。
16.C
【详解】句意:——交通太拥挤了。我们得开慢点。——是的。我认为我们的城市应该修建更多的新路。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。根据“I think more new roads...in our city.”可知,主语“new roads”是动词“build”的承受者,应用被动语态,此处是在建议,故选C。
17.C
【详解】句意:艾米丽有一副好嗓子。我认为应该鼓励她对唱歌的兴趣。
考查被动语态的用法。主语interest与谓语动词encourage之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,该句应用被动语态,排除AB项;结合句意可知,她的兴趣应该被鼓励,因此用含情态动词的被动语态结构should be encouraged。故选C。
18.C
【详解】句意:这些书不能带出图书馆。但你可以在这里阅读。
考查情态动词的被动语态。根据“But you can read here.”可知,这些书不能带出图书馆,排除A、B项。books和take构成被动关系,应该用被动语态be done。故选C。
19.A
【详解】句意:——食品安全对我们非常重要。——我也这样认为。今后应该制定更多的规则。
考查时态与语态。主语More rules与make之间是动宾关系,因此排除C选项;根据“in the future”可知,应排除过去时态B选项,A选项为含有情态动词的被动语态,表示更多关于食品安全的规则应该被制定,符合语境。故选A。
20.A
【详解】句意:一种名为ChatGPT的新型人工智能可以用来聊天、翻译、写文章等等。
考查情态动词。can能够;should应该;must必须。根据“to chat, translate, write essays and so on.”可知,这种人工智能可以用来聊天、翻译、写文章等等,表示能力应用can。故选A。
21.D
【详解】句意:老师总是告诉我们必须按时完成作业。
考查被动语态。主语homework与动词finish之间是被动关系,结合must可知,此处用含有情态动词的被动语态,此空应填be+过去分词,故选D。
22.C
【详解】句意:在夏天晴朗的夜晚,天空中可以看到月亮和星星。
考查含情态动词的被动语态。根据“The moon and stars...in the sky on clear nights in summer.”可知,本句主语是动作的承受者,结合常识可知,在夏天晴朗的夜晚,天空中可以看到月亮和星星,此处表示肯定含义。故选C。
23.C
【详解】句意:唐朝时期,世界上生产的几乎所有东西都可以在长安的街道上找到。
考查含情态动词的被动语态。根据语境可知,题干主语的中心词是everything,它和谓语find“发现”之间是被动关系,且题干时间状语“During the Tang Dynasty”表明谓语动作发生在过去,因此设空处应用过去时态的被动语态;结合选项,A项是一般过去时态,不是被动语态,不符合题意;B项是一般过去时态的被动语态,但不定代词everything作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式,因此B项中were不符合题意;C项是情态动词的被动语态,could是过去式,符合语境。故选C。
24.D
【详解】句意:字典禁止被带离图书馆。
考查被动语态。根据“The dictionary mustn’t ... from the library .”可知,此处dictionary和take away构成逻辑上的动宾关系,因此此处应用被动语态,结合mustn’t可知,此处是含情态动词的被动语态,结构为“mustn’t be done”。故选D。
25.B
【详解】句意:——认真听老师讲课。——我想是的。这是一个很好的学习方法。
考查时态和语态。listen to听;be listened to被聆听;be listening to正在听。根据“It’s a good way to study well.”可知,此处表示学习的方法,应是老师被聆听,主语teachers与谓语listen to之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态,故选B。
26.D
【详解】句意:——据报道,体育将在中考中获得更多的分数。——多大的新闻啊!所以应该多注意锻炼。
考查动词辨析及被动语态。put放置;pay支付。pay attention to“注意”,此处应该用动词pay;根据“So more attention should ... to exercise.”可知,attention与动词pay是被动关系,should后跟动词原形,应该用含有情态动词的被动语态be done。故选D。
27.C
【详解】句意:这些树必须一周浇三次水。
考查被动语态。主语trees与动词water之间是被动关系,表示“花被浇水”,must是情态动词,含有情态动词的被动语态是:情态动词+be done的结构,故选C。
28.D
【详解】句意:——我认为我们的教室必须每天被打扫。——是的,但是我们可以在放学后打扫。
考查被动语态。主语our classroom和动词clean之间是被动关系,空格前有情态动词must,被动语态为“主语+情态动词+be+过去分词(+其他)”。故选D。
29.C
【详解】句意:——如果乘客做了影响司机正常驾驶的事情,应该受到惩罚。——是的,安全第一。人们应该遵守交通规则。
考查被动语态。根据“Passengers...if they do something that influences the normal driving”可知,若乘客影响驾驶,应该被惩罚,即“Passengers”与“punish”之间是被动关系,所以是含有情态动词should的被动语态。故选C。
30.B
【详解】句意:教室里没有人的时候,灯应该被关闭。
考查被动语态。根据空前的单词“should”可知,后面要加动词原形,排除A;又因在此句中,主语是the lights,与“关闭”是被动关系,应该用被动语态(be done),排除C;should be turned off是正确的表达,是含情态动词的被动语态。故选B
31.B
【详解】句意:在唐代,世界上生产的几乎所有东西都可以在长安的街道上找到。
考查被动语态。主语“nearly everything produced in the world”与动词find之间是被动关系,且根据时间状语“During the Tang Dynasty”可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,且这里表示“可以、能够被找到”,应用情态动词could的被动语态。故选B。
32.C
【详解】句意:有些牛奶在到达市场之前就变质了,不得不扔掉。
考查情态动词及语态。根据“Some of the milk got bad before reaching the market and ... away.”可知,此处表示不得不被扔掉,have to“不得不”,milk与throw是被动关系,应该用被动语态have to be done,时态为一般过去时,故选C。
33.B
【详解】句意:——我听说迈克已经从足球队退出了。那是真的吗?——是啊,他训练经常迟到。
考查动词辨析。fallen摔倒,降低;dropped落下;broken破解;competed竞争。根据“he is often late for training”可知,迈克训练经常迟到,因此他应是从足球队里被开除了。动词短语drop sb from表示“把某人从……开除”,此处应用其被动语态,be dropped from表示“从中删除、被开除”。故选B。
34.D
【详解】句意:在过去的十年里发明了许多新事物。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。主语“Many new things”是动作的承受者,根据“in the last ten years”可知,时态是现在完成时,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。
35.C
【详解】句意:两年前开始已为教师们建造了两栋房子。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“Two houses...for the teachers since two years ago.”可知,句子是现在完成时,且主语two houses和动词build“建造”之间是被动关系,所以句子应是现在完成时的被动语态,谓语结构是have been done,此时动词build应用过去分词形式built。故选C。
36.D
【详解】句意:——考试结果已通过电子邮件发送给你。你没收到吗?——哦,抱歉。我现在就去查看。
考查时态和语态。根据“Didn’t you receive it ”可知,结果已经用邮件发过去了,时态为现在完成时,“考试结果”与“发送”之间是被动关系,用现在完成时的被动语态(have/has been done)。故选D。
37.D
【详解】句意:从去年开始,宜家已经卖了多少套家具?
考查现在完成时被动语态。根据“since last year”可知,本题时态应为现在完成时。其次,furniture和sell构成被动关系,所以应用被动语态。故选D。
38.B
【详解】句意:在过去的200年里,地球上有一半的树木被摧毁了。
考查动词时态。根据“ in the last 200 years”可知,时态是现在完成时,此处是现在完成时的被动语态,结构是has/have been done,主语是第三人称复数,故用助动词have。故选B。
39.C
【详解】句意:这些窗户已经被洗过了。现在他们非常干净。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“现在他们非常干净”可知,是因为“这些窗户已经清洗过”而对现在产生的影响,用现在完成时态,又因为主语“这些窗户”是谓语动词“洗”的动作承受者,应用被动语态,故该空白处应选现在完成时的被动语态:have been+动词的过去分词。故选C。
40.B
【详解】句意:——Lily,这个星期六你会去Jenny的生日聚会吗?——我不确定。因为到目前为止我还没有被邀请。
考查现在完成时被动语态。invite邀请,是一个动词。根据句意,主语“I”与动词构成被动关系,应用被动语态;由句中的“so far”可知,这句话应用现在完成时。故选B。
41.B
【详解】句意:到目前为止,一半的工作已经完成了。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。has finished现在完成时;has been finished现在完成时的被动语态;have been finished现在完成时的被动语态;finish动词原形。by now是现在完成时的标志,D选项可排除。且根据work和finish之间为被动关系可知,此处应用被动语态,A选项可排除。Half of …作主语,谓语动词用单数还是复数与half of后所接名词的数有关,即“half of +不可数名词”结构谓语动词用单数,work为不可数名词,故应用动词第三人称单数形式has。故选B。
42.C
【详解】句意:许多国家已经向太空发射了人造卫星。
考查被动语态。根据“Man-made satellites … into space by many countries.”可知,人造卫星已经被很多国家发射到了太空。表示过去发生的事情对现在造成影响要用现在完成时;“Man-made satellites”与“send up”之间是被动关系,故要用现在完成时的被动语态,即have/has+been+过去分词;主语“Man-made satellites”是名词复数,动词用have。故选C。
43.C
【详解】句意:这个村子的桃子非常好吃,到目前为止,它们已被卖完了。
考查被动语态。sell out卖完,售完,动词短语。由句中的“so far”可知,这句话应用现在完成时;并且根据句意,主语they与动词构成被动关系,应为被动语态,故选C。
44.B
【详解】句意:到目前为止,莫言的许多书都被翻译成了其他语言。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“so far”可知句子应用现在完成时,主语Many of Moyan’s books与动词translate存在逻辑上的被动关系,句子应用现在完成时的被动语态,其谓语结构为:have / has been+过去分词。故选B。
45.D
【详解】句意:——公园里的空气真的很新鲜!——没错!在过去的几年里,这里种植了更多的树。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“in the last few years”可知,本句是现在完成时,可排除BC选项;且主语“A lot of more trees”和动词“plant”之间是被动关系,需用被动语态,可排除A选项。故选D。
46.D
【详解】句意:至此,新能源汽车在我市被越来越多的人使用。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。分析句子可知,主语new energy automobiles和谓语use之间是被动关系,根据“So far”可知此处用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done。故选D。
47.B
【详解】句意:——你需要帮助吗?——不,谢谢。自去年以来,我们得到了很多支持。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语“since last year”可知,此句时态为现在完成时,主语“We”和谓语动词“offer”是被动关系,应用被动语态,即此句应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B。
48.D
【详解】句意:到目前为止,在医生和护士的帮助下,许多人的生命被挽救了。
考查被动语态。根据So far可知,此句用现在完成时,主语与动词save之间是被动关系,故此处用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done的结构,故选D。
49.C
【详解】句意:最近北京冬季奥运会的部分场馆在重建,并很快对外开放。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语“Recently”可知,本句是现在完成时;又因“venues”和“rebuild”之间存在被动关系,故此处需要用现在完成时的被动语态,其结构为:have/has been done。故选C。
50.C
【详解】句意:办公室很脏。它好几天没被打扫了。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“for days”可知,本句时态是现在完成时;且主语“It”和动词“clean”之间是被动关系,用现在完成时的被动语态(have/has been done)。故选C。

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