培优讲义1
第一部分 答题技巧 — 听短文填信息
一、命题形式循规律
该题型考查形式主要有两类：听短文填句子和听短文填表格。要求考生根据短文内容填写句子或表格中所缺的单词或短语，主要考查考生捕捉重要信息和理解细节的能力。每个空格大多限填一词，最多不会超过三个单词。短文读两遍或三遍。
录音材料抓特点
填句子类的短文材料多为记叙文，涉及时间、地点、人物、事件等要素，事实细节较多，主题更贴近生活和学习。
填表格类的短文材料则常为说明文，中心明确，条理清晰，可以用表格呈现其主要内容，是中考听力材料中难度较大的一类。
点式听力顺思路
Step 1 听前：浏览试题，推测重点。听音前快速读题，预测短文的主要内容和话题，在题干中找出有助于定位有效信息的关键词语。
Step 2 听中：进听边记，捕捉重点。听第一遍录音时，捕捉题干出现的提示词，确定与所填内容相关的信息；利用第二遍或第三遍听录音的机会，对之前的记录进行补充或更正。
Step 3 听后：做完后，借助话题情景，从逻辑、语法、拼写和一般常识的角度检查答案是否有误。
能力提升
A
I knew Marty’s magic was fake (假的), but I just couldn’t prove it. One day I caught a lucky break. At lunch, Marty was going on about how he could make things ___1___. He had a ring in one hand and a pencil in the other.
That’s when I ___2___ it: a thin piece of fishing line around the end of the pencil and attached (连接) to Marty’s shirt! Sure enough, he made it by sliding (滑动) the ring over the pencil and hanging it from the line. No one else ___3___ the line, and soon the whole dining hall was cheering. When the crowds were gone, I walked over. It was time to ___4___ the Magic Marty show.
“I know how you did it,” I said, looking him right in the eye. “___5___,” Marty replied. “But the first law of magic is that…”
“It was the fishing line.”
Marty became ___6___. He looked a bit worried. Without all his confidence, he seemed more normal (平常). I suddenly felt bad.
“So, are you going to tell other people ” he asked. I thought about it for a moment. If I did, I would ___7___ be able to prove that Marty’s magic was fake. But would that really make me feel happy What about Marty He might ___8___ his new friends. How would that make him feel
“Nah,” I said. “It will be a ___9___ between you and me.”
Marty let out a relieved sigh, and I turned to walk away.
“Wait!” Marty jumped in front of me. “You’ve got a pretty good eye for magic. If you’ re ___10___, I have an idea.”
That’s how the Magic Marty and Mysterious Matt Lunch Show began.
1. A. disappear B. grow C. float D. change
2. A. saw B. heard C. felt D. smelt
3. A. confirmed B. noticed C. explained D. supported
4. A. watch B. praise C. create D. end
5. A. Indeed B. Maybe C. However D. Anyway
6. A. polite B. crazy C. silent D. curious
7. A. finally B. properly C. easily D. mainly
8. A. make B. leave C. greet D. lose
9. A. trick B. secret C. present D. reward
10. A. surprised B. impressed C. satisfied D. interested
【佳句积累】Without..., he seemed ...
_______________________________________________________________________________
B
Pet parrots that are allowed to make video calls to other birds show signs of feeling less isolated, according to scientists.
The study, which involved giving the birds a computer that they could use to make video calls, found that they began to engage in more social behaviors including preening, singing and playing. The birds were given a choice of which “friend” to call on a touchscreen computer and the study showed that the parrots that called other birds most often were the most popular choices.
Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas, of the University of Glasgow and a co-author of the study, said that video calls had helped many people feel less isolated in the last few years. She added, “There are 20 million parrots living in people’s homes in the USA, and we wanted to explore whether those birds might benefit (受益) from video calling too. If we gave them the chance to call other parrots, would they choose to do so, and would the experience benefit the parrots and their caregivers ”
Their study of 18 pet parrots suggested that there were, indeed, benefits for the birds. In the wild, many species of parrots live in large groups, but as pets they are, kept alone or in a small group. Living alone can cause birds to develop mental problems, which include rocking, walking back and forth, or self-harming behaviors such as feather-plucking.
The parrots first learned to ring a bell and then touch a photo of another bird on the screen of a computer to make a call to that bird, with the help of their owners. In total the birds made 147 calls to each other during the study, while owners took detailed notes on the birds’ behavior and the researchers later reviewed the video footage.
Jennifer Cunha of Northeastern University said that the parrots “seemed to know” that they were communicating with other birds. “All the bird owners in the study said they valued the experience, and would want to continue using the system with their parrots in the future,” she said.
“I was quite surprised at so many different behaviors,” said Hirskyj-Douglas. “Some would sing, some would play around and go upside down, others would want to show another bird their toys.”
1. The main purpose of the study is to find out _________.
A. if parrots can learn to make video calls B. if parrots can benefit from video calling
C. why parrots can have so many benefits D. why parrots can develop mental problems
2. What can we learn about the pet parrots
A. Their way to communicate is singing. B. Most of them used to live in large groups.
C. The most popular ones made most calls. D. They can make video calls by themselves.
3. Which word has the closest meaning to “isolated”
A. amazed B. calm C. scared D. lonely
4. The following paragraph can best go after ________.
Video calling could reproduce some of the social benefits of living in a group, according to Rébecca Kleinberger, of Northeastern University and first author of the study.
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4
【佳句积累】Doing ... can cause ..., which include ...
_______________________________________________________________________________
C
A theory of emotion Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion.
A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.
The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind.
The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”.
The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.
1. What is the main finding of the new study
A. A new method of venting anger. B. A new method of reducing anger.
C. Good activities to vent anger. D. Good activities to reduce anger.
2. What can we learn about calming activities
A. They can reduce feelings of anger. B. They can increase the heart rate.
C. They are good for mind health. D. They are good for heart health.
3. According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid
A. You get the feeling of fear. B. You get the feeling of calm.
C. Your heart beats fast. D. Your heart beats slowly.
4. The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________.
They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings.
Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4
【佳句积累】The key to doing ... is not ...but ...
_______________________________________________________________________________
D
There are many humanistic monuments (人文古迹) and natural scenic spots (景点 ) in textbooks. Children are always interested in them, and they want to go there in person. 1 This kind of tour allows parents and children to deepen their understanding of the scenes (场景) mentioned in the textbooks.
Many families have taken part in the textbook tour. 2 They can understand the cultural background and experience the historical period in the textbooks. For example, in Fuzhou, parents and children can watch lively shows and visit the museums to learn more about the famous writer Tang Xianzu in the Ming Dynasty. In addition, they can learn about the local customs. 3
The textbook tour is a connection between “reading thousands of books” and “travelling thousands of miles”. 4 Besides, the textbook tour further increases children’s pride in them other land. It also helps them learn about the excellent traditional culture of China.
The rise of the textbook tour is a great chance for the connection between culture and tourism. For example, the Wen Chuan government holds some activities on the birthday of Dayu. 5 This spreads local culture and provides an unforgettable experience for tourists. As the text book tour becomes a new fashion, the government should offer warm services to achieve a win-win situation for both scenic spots and tourists.
A．This further makes their journey colorful.
B．That’s why the textbook tour has become popular these days.
C．They follow the stories in the textbooks and choose places to travel.
D．Cultural workers teach “Dayu culture” to tourists in these activities.
E．Through the practice, children can have a deeper understanding of the textbooks.
F．Textbooks can broaden my horizons.
【佳句积累】... allow ... to deepen their understanding of ...
_______________________________________________________________________________
E
Unlike other girls who like spring best, my favorite time of the year is autumn. In autumn, I am more likely to calm down and focus on myself and life.
The other day, when I was caught in the heavy traffic on my way to work, worried and upset, a side road covered with fallen leaves caught my eyes. I wondered whether the road could lead me out of the traffic jam. Soon I decided to get off the bus and began my “adventure (冒险)” alone. Different from the noisy street, there were no cars or people, only a light smell of flowers and several leaves dancing like butterflies in the autumn breeze. They were like a gentle hand touching my heart and made me calm. I kept walking forward at a brisk pace (轻快的步伐) for about 10 minutes until I arrived at the end of the road. What a lovely flower store! I was so surprised that I bought some as the reward of the successful “adventure”.
Looking at the flowers in the vase, I was deep in thought in my office. Roads are like life in many ways. We may meet bumps, obstacles (障碍) and blind curves in life. But adventures on a side road can lead us to somewhere unexpected but wonderful.
The roads tell the story of people and history. The roads of your life are no different. Although sometimes your life may be uncertain and winding, trust in yourself and you’ll arrive at your destination (目的地). Whatever your destination is, remember this: ___________________
Does the writer like autumn best
_______________________________________________________________________________
Why did the writer decide to take the side road
_______________________________________________________________________________3. How did the writer’s feelings change in the “adventure”
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.Please complete the passage according to your understanding. (About 30 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【佳句积累】... can lead us to ...
_______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
（A）1-5 CABDB 6-10 CADBD
（B）1-4 BCDD
（C）1-4 DAAD
（D）1-5 BCEAD
（E）
1. Yes, she does.
2. Because she wondered if it could lead her out of the traffic jam.
3. From worried and upset to calm and surprised/happy.
4. (Possible answer) Life is full of surprises. Even when you face difficulties, trying a different way may bring you unexpected joy. So keep an open mind and enjoy the journey.

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