第05讲 选修二 词汇考点
目录 01 课标达标练 【题型一】易考单词变形 【题型二】核心单词拼写 【题型三】重点短语词组 02 核心突破练 【题型一】阅读词汇和短语 【题型二】完形词汇和短语 【题型三】语法填空词汇和短语 03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．Only under your (profession) guidance can we finish our task smoothly.
2．Making a (commit) to regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health.
3．Work has begun on the (construct) of the new airport.
4．Visitors stared at the The Starry Night, (absorb) in admiring its unique brushwork and dreamy colors.
5． (Journalist) is responsible for uncovering the truth.
6．Out of (curious), he opened the mysterious box, only to find some old books and a diary inside.
7．The latest smartphone designed by Huawei, rather than other new products, (release) last autumn.
8． (trap) under the ruins, the survivors tried every possible means to make themselves heard.
9．After a lot of (persuade), she agreed to take part in the New Year Party.
10．Among 15 major (category), urban, western and eastern fantasy, gaming, and science fiction emerged as the five most popular types among overseas readers.
11．To my relief, my little brother has (gradual) adapted to his new school life.
12．I recalled (participate) in the clean-up campaign, which significantly raised my awareness of environmental protection.
13．As we know, if what parents say is not (consist) with what they do, it will have a bad effect on their children.
14．In the debate, the two speakers presented (oppose) arguments, which made for a lively discussion.
15．Charlie ran for Head of the Student Committee but failed in the (elect) due to his lack of speech skills.
16．Chinese photographers eared amounts of (applaud) after they were honored as the top prize winners at the 14th Astronomy Photographer of the Year Competition.
17．If not （handle） properly, medical waste from hospitals may contribute to spreading diseases. （所给词的适当形式填空）
18．Many a successful person has faced many fears, made many mistakes, and intended to throw the towel countless times. (用适当的词填空)
19．Despite difficulties he still made a resolution (proceed) with environmental causes.
20．And in 2011, livestock exports to Indonesia were stopped after evidence of (cruel) emerged there.
21．Tom was a boy who never allowed his (disable) to keep him from reaching his goal.
22．The Northern Lights are one of the most breathtaking natural (phenomenon) in the world.
23．They can warn you early on if there is something (normal) or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
24．Modern science has given clear (evident) that smoking can lead to many diseases.
25．Afternoon tea, designed as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, (date) back to the 1840s.
26．We will be able to use genome (基因组) editing to increase the human (resist) to colds and flu.
27．After noticing the redness and swelling around the cut on his arm, he realized he needed to see a doctor to check for an (infect).
28．The old woman is very (convention) and finds it hard to accept the modern lifestyle.
29．His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh' s mental illness may have (affect) his sense of sight.
30．I hope acupuncture, with help I recovered, will continue to bring health to other people. (用适当的词填空)
31．With my strong (academy) background, I am competent and qualified for the job.
32．It is (legal) to hunt rare animals such as the giant panda.
33．It’s an interesting idea but there are many (practice) difficulties.
34．His dedication to the project earned him the (recognize) for his unique style. （所给词的适当形式填空）
35．The dark clouds gathering on the horizon were a clear ________ (warn) of the approaching storm that would soon sweep across the plains.
36．I thought she had retired, but (apparent) she hasn’t.
37．His business empire collapsed under a (mass) burden of debt.
38．I look up to Helen because she is (optimism) about life even in great trouble.
39．As a new education form, online education shows more and more importance and (superior).
40．The (distribute) of wealth in the country are highly unequal, with a few individuals holding most of the resources.
题型二 核心单词拼写
41．My friend has won a (奖学金) to realize her college dream.
42．These programs and camps, (专门制作) for middle and high schoolers, offer a treasure list of possibilities for learning and adventure.
43．We can’t come to a (结论) until we have gathered all the necessary evidence.
44．The craziness for Black Friday (折扣) often leads to overspending.
45．The (购买) price figures out at about two million dollars.
46．Too often children are (目击者) to a disturbing amount of violence.
47．He quickly struck a match to light her (香烟).
48．She is amazed that people still risk travelling without (保险).
49．She (抱怨) to the manager about the slow service yesterday.
50．The teacher considered him to be a clever (家伙).
51．The Amazon rainforest is home to a (多种多样的) ecosystem, housing countless species of plants and animals.
52．In order to drive safely, we have to (限制) the speed to 60 km/h.
53．The number on the card should be (完全相同的) with the one on the chequebook.
54．I was late for the meeting because the flight had been (耽误) by a heavy storm.
55．The competition is open to both (业余爱好者) and professionals.
56．We are (感激的) for the opportunity to present our project at the conference.
57．There’s no (证据) that the Prime Minister himself cancelled the visit.
58．He has taken out a (专利证书) to protect his new invention.
59．It is reported that the plan had received (广泛的) support throughout the country.
60．Little children shouldn’t drink something containing (酒精).
61．Teachers should be (严厉的) in class to maintain good discipline.
62． (配备) with lots of advanced technologies, the army has attracted the attention of the whole country.
63．They should (调整) their websites to the needs of younger users.
64． (显然), this new generation of wireless technology will transform people’s lives. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
65．The (城堡) was enlarged considerably in the fifteenth century.
66．These letters obviously helped sow the (种子) of love between the two.
67．The (最精彩部分) of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.
68．The police are looking into the (偷窃) of computers from the company’s offices.
69．To sum up, one cannot (否认) the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages.
70．The protesters gathered to (要求) equal rights for all citizens, regardless of their race and religion.
题型三 重点短语词组
71．汤姆原本打算参加聚会，但他另有事务缠身。
Tom the party, but he was otherwise engaged. (intend)
72．你必须不断总结经验，提高工作效率。
It is necessary for you constantly and improve the efficiency of your work.
73．政府致力于消除贫困，并已取得显著进步。
The government reducing poverty has made remarkable progress.
74．One of the best players , and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.
最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题离队。
75．看到这些问题正在被简化，主管如释重负地笑了。
Seeing the problems were , the man in charge smiled .
76．不幸的是，洪水冲毁了这座历史追溯回清朝的建筑。
Unfortunately, the flood destroyed the building the Qing Dynasty.
77．He has always been me.
他老是占我的便宜。
78．我热爱生活在广州的原因有很多，美食、文化、夜生活等等，仅举几例。
There are many reasons why I love living in Guangzhou, the food, the culture, the night life, .
79．我最喜欢历史，因为它有助于我鉴往知来。
I like history most, because it helps me by reviewing the past.
80．最终，问题常常归结为缺乏沟通。
Ultimately, the problem often a lack of communication.
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
（2025·广东惠州·一模）Urbanization continues to reshape cities globally, bringing about increased convenience for citizens as well as a range of challenges, particularly regarding parking.
Traditional parking such as vast surface lots and multi-story garages face great challenges for their inefficiencies and inability to scale effectively with increased vehicles. People in big cities frequently experience stress and delays due to insufficient parking. Research suggests that drivers in big cities often spend an additional 20-30 minutes circling blocks in search of open space, ultimately worsening traffic jams.
Cities are adopting technology-driven solutions and sustainable practices to address these parking issues. The smart parking systems make use of the potential of sensors, apps, and data analysis to maximize parking space usage. These systems allow drivers to quickly locate available parking. Also the introduction of mobile applications and the Internet of Things (IoT) fundamentally transformed urban parking. Parking apps offer features like booking and payment integration, further streamlining (使……流畅) the parking experience.
Cities are experimenting with integrating various transportation modes into a cohesive network. Options such as shared bicycle programs and improved public transit systems allow people to shift from car dependency, thereby lessening the strain on parking issues.
Meanwhile, widespread autonomous vehicle usage is anticipated to revolutionize (彻底改变) parking pared with private cars which are parked more than 90% of the time in a day, autonomous vehicles can operate nearly continuously to serve more people, reducing individual car ownership, so the corresponding demand for urban parking may decline.
Looking ahead, the evolution of urban parking appears promising as urban transportation continues to evolve. Modern planning strategies aim to reduce parking space with more integrated, multifunctional designs such as vertical (垂直的) and adaptable parking solutions and help reclaim valuable urban space for parks, housing, and other vital city functions.
1．The author mentions “20-30 minutes circling blocks” to show ________.
A．the lack of time management skills B．the low efficiency of current parking modes
C．the failure of urban traffic control measures D．the necessity of stricter parking regulations
2．How do smart parking systems help locate available parking
A．By expanding parking capacity. B．By using sensor- based parking apps.
C．By providing mobile payment options. D．By designing multifunctional buildings.
3．Why does the writer mention autonomous vehicles
A．To predict their future market share. B．To highlight their advanced technology.
C．To argue their popularity over traditional cars. D．To show their potential as effective alternatives.
4．What can be inferred about the future of urban parking
A．It will cause shortage and conflict. B．It will integrate technology with art.
C．It will prioritize public interest and flexibility. D．It will balance adaptability with sustainability.
（2025·广东汕头·三模）Eight-year-old S. Hariraj is a Foldscope devotee. He’s used it to examine the milk from his family’s cows. Though the milk looks creamy, the Foldscope reveals a world of microorganisms. “It has to be boiled and cooled before we can drink it,” he realized.
This incredible device is no ordinary microscope. Made from waterproof, tear-resistant paper, it comes in a small bag with parts that can be attached in minutes. Magnets (磁铁) hold it together, and a tiny lens (透镜) allows it to enlarge objects up to 140 times. Once built, it’s no larger than a bookmark, small enough to slip into a pocket. And the best part It costs just $2 to produce, and millions of children in low-income countries get them for free.
The idea for the Foldscope began with Manu Prakash, a professor at Stanford University, who grew up in India. As a sixth grader, he and his classmates failed to draw a microscope in a test — none of them had ever seen one. Microscopes were expensive, and not all schools could afford a well-equipped lab. “The spirit of exploration was critical to the study of science,” says Prakash. “But in order to develop that spirit, you need the right tools.” Determined to change the situation, Prakash spent years experimenting, even borrowing lenses from his brother’s glasses. In 2014, he and his Ph.D．student finally developed the Foldscope, using paper-folding techniques to create an alternative to traditional microscopes.
Young Hariraj encountered the Foldscope at Eden School in southern India, where it has transformed science lessons. Children eagerly rush outdoors, searching for ants, flowers, and leaves to examine. “I just love the look of amazement when kids look into the Foldscope,” says Indira Pandiarajan, the school principal. “When their eyes light up, I know that’s the moment they will accept science enthusiastically and learning for the rest of their lives.”
1．Why does the author mention Hariraj in paragraph 1
A．To introduce his hobby.
B．To describe his family life.
C．To explain milk’s components.
D．To show Foldscope’s practical use.
2．What is a feature of the Foldscope according to the text
A．It is user-friendly.
B．It is magnetic-resistant.
C．It is intended for book lovers.
D．It provides step-by-step instructions.
3．What motivated Manu Prakash to develop the Foldscope
A．His passion for paper-folding art.
B．A university project assigned by his professor.
C．The popularity of portable science tools in India.
D．The high cost and lack of microscopes in his childhood school.
4．Which statement would Indira Pandiarajan probably agree with
A．Scientific spirit unites researchers in India.
B．The Foldscope facilitates science learning.
C．The Foldscope eases teaching workload.
D．Scientific spirit fuels headmasters’ enthusiasm.
题型二 完形词汇和短语
（2025·山西太原·模拟预测）Over 80 years after he first joined the RAF, 102-year- old Jack Hemmings took to the skies again to fly one of the Heritage Hangar’s iconic Spitfire aircraft. The 1 of the flight was to raise funds and awareness for Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF), the world’s 2 humanitarian air service that Jack co-founded with fellow RAF veteran Stuart King, who passed away in 2020.
MAF works to bring aid, development and mission 3 to help people in the world’s most remote areas access essentials-with an MAF plane taking off or landing 4 four minutes! Jack joined the RAF in 1941 and over his flying career he 5 the Air Force Cross for exemplary gallantry, and the RAF’s Master Air Pilot award. In 1947 he 6 the Mildmay Movement, a Christian air service which became the MAF.
Jack’s time in the air hasn’t always 7 to plan-during an early pioneering flight, Jack and Stuart crashed into a hillside in Burundi! “Neither of us were 8 except a bruise and a cut on my little finger,” Jack says. “But I have been 9 Crasher Jack ever since.”
10 , no such accidents occurred in his more recent flight. Making history as Britain’s oldest Spitfire pilot, Jack got into the cockpit alongside Spitfire pilot Barry Hughes and 11 off from a field in Kent, 12 three victory rolls during a 20-minute flight. He called the experience “absolutely delightful.”
And age is no 13 : “It’s not incredible being 102. You just get up every day and 14 about your business. It’s the present moment which 15 and this one was very special indeed,” the centenarian says.
1．A．problem B．result C．purpose D．method
2．A．amazing. B．common C．small D．new
3．A．revolution B．organisations C．population D．situation
4．A．some B．any C．every D．each
5．A．refused B．missed C．lost D．received
6．A．took part B．joined in C．got involved D．came up
7．A．started B．finished C．gone D．continued
8．A．injured B．killed C．saved D．caught
9．A．thought B．known C．considered D．called
10．A．Unfortunately B．Fortunately C．Surprisingly D．Interestingly
11．A．took B．flew C．landed D．rode
12．A．making B．having C．doing D．performing
13．A．thing B．problem C．matter D．object
14．A．stay B．work C．go D．Live
15．A．exists B．counts C．happens D．appears
（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）Chusovitina retired from her legendary career after competing at a record eighth Olympic Games. After failing to 1 a spot in Sunday’s vault final, the 46-year-old, representing Uzbekistan, waved goodbye to the small crowd.
Born in Uzbek capital Tashkent in 1976, Chusovitina 2 gymnastics at age 7. She made her first Olympic 3 at the 1992 Barcelona Games. She then 4 Uzbekistan, later competed for German, but 5 back to Uzbekistan in 2013.
When Chusovitina’s 3 - year - old son was 6 with leukemia in 2002, she sold her possessions and used any prize money earned to pay for his medical 7 . Her switch to German 8 was motivated by the promise of a higher income and better medical care. After her son’s recovery, Chusovitina continued to compete, but this time it was her love of 9 that kept her going. “There is no 10 . I just love gymnastics and no one ever 11 me to compete. I do so with pleasure,” she said.
In a sport renowned for its 12 champions, Chusovitina has become a global fan favorite thanks to her persistence. She was selected into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame, and was 13 the Best Athlete of the Decade (2011-2020) in a public vote. She has 14 11 medals at major global championships and has five eponymous (以主角/创作者命名的) gymnastics 15 to her name. She’s a legendary athlete, a great mother.
1．A．show B．secure C．mark D．choose
2．A．put up B．made up C．took up D．set up
3．A．expression B．impression C．contribution D．appearance
4．A．left B．represented C．recognized D．confirmed
5．A．reunited B．held C．took D．switched
6．A．checked B．diagnosed C．connected D．treated
7．A．research B．conditions C．treatment D．record
8．A．citizenship B．membership C．leadership D．relationship
9．A．gymnastics B．medicine C．medals D．family
10．A．benefit B．doubt C．secret D．way
11．A．forced B．encouraged C．appointed D．allowed
12．A．competitive B．strong C．global D．youthful
13．A．named B．given C．shown D．offered
14．A．arranged B．counted C．sold D．collected
15．A．thoughts B．events C．skills D．habits
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
（2025·山东·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Maria Gonzalez, an American musician, recently unveiled Melodies of the East, an album celebrating her eight-year journey 1 (master) the erhu, a traditional Chinese instrument. Her adventure began in 2015 during a Shanghai visit, where 2 instrument’s soulful tones fascinated her, causing her to pause her violin career.
“The erhu goes beyond mere performance — it dialogues with history,” Maria reflects. The delicate vibration (震动) of the strings and the control of the bow taught her 3 (humble) — a quality she acknowledges was foreign prior to her training. Her mentor, Master Wang, stressed that authentic music lives not in 4 (technique) precision, but in the sincerity of breath and fingertips.
A breakthrough moment occurred in 2021 when Maria combined erhu melodies with jazz rhythms at the Beijing Opera House, challenging the belief in East-West musical disharmony. “Sound is a universal dialect,” she asserts, “similar to how ancient trade routes 5 (exchange) not commodities alone, but philosophies.”
The track Bridges links the erhu’s sorrowful tones with electronic beats, 6 symbolizes intergenerational and cross-cultural combination. It includes 7 (recording) of street vendors’(商贩的) calls from New York and Beijing, integrating urban life into the music.
Currently, Maria conducts Los Angeles workshops employing the erhu to teach emotive storytelling. “The instrument knows no discrimination,” she remarks. “A curious child and seasoned musician both begin 8 the same silent stage. Each note 9 (create) is a step toward mutual understanding.”
Her forthcoming project cooperates with poets 10 (set) Tang Dynasty verses (诗句) to experimental erhu arrangements. “True harmony,” Maria concludes, “isn’t merely heard — it’s experienced.”
（2025·安徽·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Born in Bukhara, Uzbckistan in 1975, Oksana Chusovitina competed in her first Olympic Games at Barcelona 1992, 1 (win) gold with the Unified Team — 12 former Soviet athletes who chose to compete together following the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Chusovitina competed for Uzbckistan at the Atlanta 1996 Olympic Games. She got 2 (marry) in 1997 and her son, Alisher, was born in 1999.
Chuso’s first “ 3 (retire)” was due after the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games by which time five world championship 4 (medal) had been won including three golds. But in 2002, Alisher, then two years old, suffered from leukemia (白血病). The family moved to Germany where better treatment was available and Chuso continued to train 5 a way to take a break from the stresses of her son’s health.
“Many people thought that I was competing 6 (provide) medical treatment for my child, but it was the whole world 7 helped me to collect money for Alisher’s treatment,” Chuso told the media in 2020. “This was not in any way related to my career. I was training to keep myself away from 8 was going on at the hospital.”
Chuso competed at Athens 2004, and in 2006 gained German citizenship winning silver on vault (撑杆跳) at Beijing 2008 for her adopted nation, aged 33.
At the next Games, London 2012, Chuso came fifth in the vault final and finally, in 2013, Chuso returned to the place she calls home, Uzbekistan. Chuso switched back to competing for her home nation at Rio 2016 and at Tokyo 2020, but 9 (unfortunate) she did not make the apparatus final.
Uzbekistan gymnast Oksana Chusovitina had been aiming to compete at her 10 (nine) Olympic Games in Paris, but her hopes of participating in it were destroyed by injury.
03 高考溯源练
1.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
1．What can be inferred about the author’s early life
A．He witnessed food shortage. B．He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C．He donated food to Africans. D．He helped to cook at home.
2．Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A．To customize dishes for guests. B．To make the public aware of food waste.
C．To test a food processing method. D．To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Why the ingredients were used. B．Which dishes were best liked.
C．What the dishes were made of. D．Where the ingredients were bought.
4．What can we learn about wastED
A．It has ended as planned. B．It is creating new jobs.
C．It has regained popularity. D．It is criticized by top chefs.
2．（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“What is your name ” is a question most frequently asked when people meet for the first time. But for me, it was the first challenge I encountered as an international student in Ireland.
The pronunciation system of the Chinese language is quite different from that of English. For native speakers of English, some Chinese words are rather difficult to pronounce. My given name Qiuyu (秋雨), for instance, happened to be a great challenge for many of them. Every time I gave a self-introduction, I had to explain how to pronounce my name at least five times, yet they still could not say it the way I did.
Once in a lecture, the professor tried repeating my name after me over and over in front of thirty classmates. I really did not know whether I should continue correcting him or simply drop the matter. I feared that my classmates might grow tired of my efforts or even lose patience with me. After all, I did care about how others would think of me. I realized that if I didn’t stop, the entire lecture would be ruined. “It’s okay, professor,” I shrugged (耸肩). The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter. I forced a smile, unsure how to respond further.
After that incident, I stopped acting as a “Chinese teacher.” Instead of correcting others when they were struggling to pronounce my name, I just smiled and nodded approvingly. This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain. However, I soon found that by doing so, I might be losing something more important: the opportunity to share a small part of my cultural identity.
注意：
(1) 续写词数应为150个左右；
(2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
In a class discussion, I was invited to explain the meaning of my name.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Many of my classmates got interested and came up to me after class.
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()第05讲 选修二 词汇考点
目录 01 课标达标练 【题型一】易考单词变形 【题型二】核心单词拼写 【题型三】重点短语词组 02 核心突破练 【题型一】阅读词汇和短语 【题型二】完形词汇和短语 【题型三】语法填空词汇和短语 03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．Only under your (profession) guidance can we finish our task smoothly.
【答案】professional
【详解】考查形容词。句意：只有在你专业的指导下我们才能顺利地完成我们的任务。形容词professional“专业的”充当前置定语修饰名词guidance“指导”。故填professional。
2．Making a (commit) to regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health.
【答案】commitment
【详解】考查名词。句意：投入定期锻炼对于保持健康至关重要。本空作Making的宾语，空前有不定冠词，用单数名词commitment“投入”。故填commitment。
3．Work has begun on the (construct) of the new airport.
【答案】construction
【详解】考查名词。句意：新机场的建设工作已经开始。空处作on的宾语，空前有冠词the，名词construction符合题意，意为“建造”，是不可数名词。故填construction。
4．Visitors stared at the The Starry Night, (absorb) in admiring its unique brushwork and dreamy colors.
【答案】absorbed
【详解】考查过去分词，句意：游客们凝视着《星月夜》，全神贯注地欣赏着它独特的笔触和梦幻般的色彩。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据be absorbed in doing sth意为“全神贯注做某事”可知，absorb与逻辑主语visitors之间为被动关系，所以此处为过去分词作状语。故填absorbed。
5． (Journalist) is responsible for uncovering the truth.
【答案】Journalism
【详解】考查名词。句意：新闻业有责任揭露真相。空处应填名词作主语，结合句意可知指“新闻业”，使用名词journalism，为不可数名词，首字母应大写， 故填Journalism。
6．Out of (curious), he opened the mysterious box, only to find some old books and a diary inside.
【答案】curiosity
【详解】考查名词。句意：出于好奇，他打开了那个神秘的盒子，结果发现里面只有一些旧书和一本日记。此处作宾语，应用名词curiosity“好奇心”，out of curiosity“出于好奇”。故填curiosity。
7．The latest smartphone designed by Huawei, rather than other new products, (release) last autumn.
【答案】was released
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：不是其他新产品，而是华为设计的最新智能手机于去年秋季发布。根据时间状语last autumn可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时；主语The latest smartphone与动词release之间是被动关系，应用被动语态was released。故填was released。
8． (trap) under the ruins, the survivors tried every possible means to make themselves heard.
【答案】Trapped
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：被困在废墟下，幸存者们尝试了每一种可能的方法来让自己被听到。此处为非谓语动词作状语，trap与逻辑主语the survivors之间为被动关系，且动作已经发生，所以此处使用过去分词形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Trapped。
9．After a lot of (persuade), she agreed to take part in the New Year Party.
【答案】persuasion
【详解】考查名词。句意：经过多次劝说，她同意参加新年晚会。a lot of后跟名词，persuade的名词是persuasion，意为“劝说”，是不可数名词。故填persuasion。
10．Among 15 major (category), urban, western and eastern fantasy, gaming, and science fiction emerged as the five most popular types among overseas readers.
【答案】categories
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在15个主要类别中，都市、西方奇幻、东方奇幻、游戏以及科幻这几类成为了在海外读者中最受欢迎的 5 种类型。category是可数名词，意为“类别；种类”，根据空前的“15 major”可知，这里需要用其复数形式 categories来表示多个类别。故填categories。
11．To my relief, my little brother has (gradual) adapted to his new school life.
【答案】gradually
【详解】考查副词。句意：令我欣慰的是，我的小弟弟已经逐渐适应了新的学校生活。此处为副词作状语修饰动词，gradual的副词为gradually意为“逐渐地”符合句意。故填gradually。
12．I recalled (participate) in the clean-up campaign, which significantly raised my awareness of environmental protection.
【答案】participating
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我回忆起参加了这次清理活动，这极大地提高了我对环境保护的意识。根据recall doing sth.表示“回忆起做过某事”可知，此处为动名词形式participating作宾语。故填 participating。
13．As we know, if what parents say is not (consist) with what they do, it will have a bad effect on their children.
【答案】consistent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：众所周知，如果父母说的和做的不一致，就会对孩子产生不良影响。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，consistent，表“一致的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填consistent。
14．In the debate, the two speakers presented (oppose) arguments, which made for a lively discussion.
【答案】opposing/opposite
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在辩论中，两位发言人提出了相反的观点，这使得讨论非常热烈。空处需填形容词，作定语修饰名词arguments，oppose为动词，其形容词为opposing或opposite，意为“相反的”。故填opposing或opposite。
15．Charlie ran for Head of the Student Committee but failed in the (elect) due to his lack of speech skills.
【答案】election
【详解】考查名词。句意：查理竞选学生会主席，但由于缺乏演讲技巧，他在选举中失败了。提示词作介词宾语，用名词election，意为“选举”，特指竞选学生会主席的那次选举，用单数形式。故填election。
16．Chinese photographers eared amounts of (applaud) after they were honored as the top prize winners at the 14th Astronomy Photographer of the Year Competition.
【答案】applause
【详解】考查名词。题意：中国摄影师在第14届年度天文摄影师大赛中获得最高奖项后，赢得了大量的掌声。applaud是个动词，意思是“为……鼓掌”，横线前有介词of，说明横线处应该填入名词，applaud的名词是applause，不可数。故答案是applause。
17．If not （handle） properly, medical waste from hospitals may contribute to spreading diseases. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】handled
【详解】考查省略。句意：如果处理不当，医院的医疗废物可能会导致疾病传播。这里其实是从句if medical waste is not handled properly的省略形式。当主、从句的主语一致的时候，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，被动语态省略了系动词和主语。故填handled。
18．Many a successful person has faced many fears, made many mistakes, and intended to throw the towel countless times. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意：许多成功人士都曾面对过许多恐惧，犯过许多错误，无数次想要认输。此处是固定搭配：throw in the towel意为“认输”。故填in。
19．Despite difficulties he still made a resolution (proceed) with environmental causes.
【答案】to proceed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管困难重重，他仍决心继续从事环保事业。名词resolution后常跟动词不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的决心”，因此空处应用proceed的不定式形式。故填to proceed。
20．And in 2011, livestock exports to Indonesia were stopped after evidence of (cruel) emerged there.
【答案】cruelty
【详解】考查名词。句意：2011年，在印尼出现虐待牲畜的证据后，美国停止了对印尼的牲畜出口。根据“evidence of”可知，空处需填名词作介词的宾语，cruel作形容词，表示“残忍的”，名词cruelty表示“残忍，虐待”表示抽象含义时，是不可数名词。故填cruelty。
21．Tom was a boy who never allowed his (disable) to keep him from reaching his goal.
【答案】disability
【详解】考查名词。句意：汤姆是一个从不让残疾阻碍他实现目标的男孩。空处作宾语，前面有形容词性物主代词修饰，应用名词形式disability，不可数，故填disability。
22．The Northern Lights are one of the most breathtaking natural (phenomenon) in the world.
【答案】phenomena
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：北极光是世界上最令人叹为观止的自然现象之一。根据空前的one of the most breathtaking natural可知，此处应填名词复数phenomena，phenomenon意为“现象”，为可数名词，其复数形式为phenomena。one of+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……之一”。故填phenomena。
23．They can warn you early on if there is something (normal) or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
【答案】 abnormal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果出现异常或患有癌症等严重疾病，他们可以提前警告你，并可能挽救你的生命。根据前后文句意可知，此处应用形容词normal的反义词abnormal意为“不正常的，异常的”作后置定语修饰不定代词something。故填abnormal。
24．Modern science has given clear (evident) that smoking can lead to many diseases.
【答案】evidence
【详解】考查名词。句意：现代科学已经给出了明确的证据，表明吸烟会导致许多疾病。提示词作宾语，用名词evidence，意为“证据”，符合语境。故填evidence。
25．Afternoon tea, designed as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, (date) back to the 1840s.
【答案】dates
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：下午茶被设计为一种在午餐和晚餐之间起到过渡作用的小点心，其历史可以追溯到19世纪40年代。date back to是固定短语，意为“追溯到”，在句中作谓语，没有被动语态。这里描述的是下午茶的历史起源，是客观事实，所以用一般现在时。主语Afternoon tea为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式dates。故填dates。
26．We will be able to use genome (基因组) editing to increase the human (resist) to colds and flu.
【答案】resistance
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们将能够利用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力。空格处用名词作宾语，resist的名词是resistance，意为“抵抗力”，是不可数名词，故填resistance。
27．After noticing the redness and swelling around the cut on his arm, he realized he needed to see a doctor to check for an (infect).
【答案】infection
【详解】考查名词。句意：在注意到手臂上的红肿之后，他意识到自己需要去看医生检查是否感染。根据句意和所给词“infect”的提示，空处应填入名词形式infection“感染”，作为介词for的宾语。根据不定冠词an可知，用名词的单数形式。故填infection。
28．The old woman is very (convention) and finds it hard to accept the modern lifestyle.
【答案】conventional
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位老太太非常传统，发现很难接受现代的生活方式。结合空格前的系动词is，可知用形容词作表语。所给词convention是名词“传统”，其形容词形式是conventional，意为“传统的”，符合句意。故填conventional。
29．His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh' s mental illness may have (affect) his sense of sight.
【答案】affected
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：梵高对色彩的不寻常运用使专家们认为梵高的精神疾病可能影响了他的视觉。may have done（对发生过的事情的推测），意为“可能干了某事”，应用过去分词affected。故填affected。
30．I hope acupuncture, with help I recovered, will continue to bring health to other people. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我希望针灸疗法——借助它的帮助我得以康复——能继续为其他人带来健康。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词acupuncture。先行词在定语从句中做定语，所以用关系代词whos引导该从句。故填whose。
31．With my strong (academy) background, I am competent and qualified for the job.
【答案】academic
【详解】考查形容词作定语。句意：凭借我扎实的学术背景，我完全有能力胜任这份工作。academy是个名词，意思是“学院”，横线后有名词，说明应该将它变成形容词，从而充当定语，其形容词是academic。故答案是academic。
32．It is (legal) to hunt rare animals such as the giant panda.
【答案】illegal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：猎杀大熊猫等珍稀动物是违法的。空处作表语，应用形容词形式，“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，再结合常识，猎捕大熊猫等珍稀动物是违法行为，所以应填legal的否定形式illegal，表示“违法的”。故填illegal。
33．It’s an interesting idea but there are many (practice) difficulties.
【答案】practical
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一个有趣的想法，但有许多实际困难。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词difficulties，句子表示“这是一个有趣的想法，但有许多实际困难”，空格处意为“实际的”，形容词是practical，故填practical。
34．His dedication to the project earned him the (recognize) for his unique style. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意：他对这个项目的投入为他独特的风格赢得了认可。作宾语，用名词recognition，故填recognition。
35．The dark clouds gathering on the horizon were a clear ________ (warn) of the approaching storm that would soon sweep across the plains.
【答案】warning
【详解】考查名词。句意：地平线上聚集的乌云清晰地预示着，一场暴风雨即将席卷平原。空处需填名词warning，作表语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填warning。
36．I thought she had retired, but (apparent) she hasn’t.
【答案】apparently
【详解】考查副词。句意：我以为她已经退休了，但显然她没有。分析句子可知，空处需要用副词形式，作状语，修饰整个句子she hasn’t，apparent的副词形式是apparently，意为“显然，似乎”。故填apparently。
37．His business empire collapsed under a (mass) burden of debt.
【答案】massive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的商业帝国在巨额债务的重压下倒塌了。根据句意及空后名词“burden”可知，空处应用所给词“mass”的形容词形式是massive“巨大的”，作定语修饰名词burden。故填massive。
38．I look up to Helen because she is (optimism) about life even in great trouble.
【答案】optimistic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我敬仰海伦，因为她即使在困难中也对生活持乐观态度。这里需要形容词optimistic，意为“乐观的”，作表语。故填optimistic。
39．As a new education form, online education shows more and more importance and (superior).
【答案】superiority
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一种新的教育形式，网络教育越来越显示出其重要性和优越性。空格前面是并列连词and，这里需要名词，和前面的importance一起作宾语。故填superiority。
40．The (distribute) of wealth in the country are highly unequal, with a few individuals holding most of the resources.
【答案】distributions
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个国家的财富分配极不平等，少数人掌握了大部分资源。名词做主语，根据are可知，用复数名词distributions作主语。故填distributions。
题型二 核心单词拼写
41．My friend has won a (奖学金) to realize her college dream.
【答案】scholarship
【详解】考查名词。句意：我的朋友赢得了一笔奖学金来实现她的大学梦想。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填名词scholarship“奖学金”，作动词won的宾语，由空前a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填scholarship。
42．These programs and camps, (专门制作) for middle and high schoolers, offer a treasure list of possibilities for learning and adventure.
【答案】tailored
【详解】考查动词。句意：这些为初高中学生专门设计的项目和营地，为学习和探险提供了一系列丰富的可能性。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“专门制作”应用tailor，为动词，在本句中作非谓语，主语These programs and camps与tailor为被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填tailored。
43．We can’t come to a (结论) until we have gathered all the necessary evidence.
【答案】conclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意：在收集到所有必要的证据之前，我们不能得出结论。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“结论”可知，应为名词conclusion，come to a conclusion为固定搭配，意为“得出结论”，符合句意。故填conclusion。
44．The craziness for Black Friday (折扣) often leads to overspending.
【答案】discount/discounts
【详解】考查名词。句意：对黑色星期五折扣的狂热往往会导致过度消费。此处为名词作介词for的宾语，根据汉语提示可知，表示“折扣”应用名词discount，既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词，结合语境可知，此处可表示统指“折扣”，用单数形式，也可泛指多种折扣，用复数形式discounts。故填discount/discounts。
45．The (购买) price figures out at about two million dollars.
【答案】purchase
【详解】考查名词。句意：购买价格约为200万美元。根据空前定冠词The和空后名词price以及汉语提示“购买”可知，空处应填名词purchase，作定语修饰price，purchase price表示“购买价格”。故填purchase。
46．Too often children are (目击者) to a disturbing amount of violence.
【答案】witnesses
【详解】考查名词。句意：很多时候，孩子们都会目睹大量的暴力行为。表示“目击者”，用名词witness作表语，主语是复数，相应的用复数作表语。故填witnesses。
47．He quickly struck a match to light her (香烟).
【答案】cigarettec
【详解】考查名词。句意：他很快划了根火柴点燃了她的香烟。空处作宾语，结合汉语提示，名词cigarette符合题意，此处特指她点燃的那根香烟，应用名词单数形式。故填cigarette。
48．She is amazed that people still risk travelling without (保险).
【答案】insurance
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们仍然冒着不买保险去旅行的风险，这让她很惊讶。without为介词，后接名词作宾语，insurance 表示 “保险”，符合语境，故填insurance。
49．She (抱怨) to the manager about the slow service yesterday.
【答案】complained
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：昨天她向经理抱怨服务太慢。作谓语，“抱怨”是动词complain，由yesterday可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填complained。
50．The teacher considered him to be a clever (家伙).
【答案】fellow
【详解】考查名词。句意：老师认为他是一个聪明的家伙。表示“家伙”使用名词fellow，由a可知应用名词单数作表语。故填fellow。
51．The Amazon rainforest is home to a (多种多样的) ecosystem, housing countless species of plants and animals.
【答案】diverse
【详解】考查形容词。句意：亚马逊雨林是一个多样化的生态系统的家园，栖息着无数种动植物。“多种多样的”用形容词diverse作定语，修饰名词ecosystem。故填diverse。
52．In order to drive safely, we have to (限制) the speed to 60 km/h.
【答案】limit
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了安全驾驶，我们不得不把速度限制在每小时60公里。have to后接动词原形，limit意为“限制”，符合语境。故填limit。
53．The number on the card should be (完全相同的) with the one on the chequebook.
【答案】identical
【详解】考查形容词。句意：卡片上的数字应该与存折上的数字完全一致。根据汉语提示可知用形容词identical，作表语。故填identical。
54．I was late for the meeting because the flight had been (耽误) by a heavy storm.
【答案】delayed
【详解】考查动词。句意：我开会迟到了，因为飞机被暴风雨延误了。动词“耽误”英文为delay，与the flight之间为被动关系，所以had been后接动词的过去分词形式，构成过去完成时的被动语态。故填delayed。
55．The competition is open to both (业余爱好者) and professionals.
【答案】amateurs
【详解】考查名词。句意：比赛对业余爱好者和专业人士开放。结合汉语提示，名词amateur符合句意，结合and professionals，用其复数形式表泛指，作宾语。故填amateurs。
56．We are (感激的) for the opportunity to present our project at the conference.
【答案】grateful
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们很感激有机会在会议上展示我们的项目。“感激的”常见英文表达为grateful，be grateful for...是固定搭配，意为“对……感激” ，符合语境。故填grateful。
57．There’s no (证据) that the Prime Minister himself cancelled the visit.
【答案】evidence
【详解】考查名词。句意：没有证据表明首相本人取消了这次访问。该句为“there be”句型，此处为名词作主语，根据汉语提示“证据”可知，此处为名词evidence，为不可数名词。故填evidence。
58．He has taken out a (专利证书) to protect his new invention.
【答案】patent
【详解】考查名词。句意：他已取得专利证书以保护他的新发明。表示“专利证书”使用名词patent，由a可知应用单数形式，作宾语，故填patent。
59．It is reported that the plan had received (广泛的) support throughout the country.
【答案】widespread
【详解】考查形容词。句意：据报道，该计划在全国范围内获得了广泛的支持。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“广泛的”应用widespread，为形容词，在本句中作定语，修饰后面名词。故填widespread。
60．Little children shouldn’t drink something containing (酒精).
【答案】alcohol
【详解】考查名词。句意：小孩子不应该喝含有酒精的东西。根据汉语提示“酒精”以及上文containing可知，此处应填名词alcohol作宾语，alcohol为不可数名词。故填alcohol。
61．Teachers should be (严厉的) in class to maintain good discipline.
【答案】strict/severe
【详解】考查形容词。句意：老师在课堂上应该严厉以维持良好的纪律。根据句子结构和汉语提示“严厉的”可知，空处应填形容词strict或severe，作表语。故填strict/severe。
62． (配备) with lots of advanced technologies, the army has attracted the attention of the whole country.
【答案】Equipped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：军队装备了许多先进技术，引起了全国的注意。“配备”为equip，与逻辑主语the army为被动关系，用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Equipped。
63．They should (调整) their websites to the needs of younger users.
【答案】adjust
【详解】考查动词。句意：他们应该调整他们的网站以适应年轻用户的需求。根据句意和汉语提示可知，表示“调整”应填动词adjust，情态动词should后接动词原形。故填adjust。
64． (显然), this new generation of wireless technology will transform people’s lives. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】Apparently
【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，这一新一代的无线技术将会彻底改变人们的生活方式。根据汉语提示可知用副词apparently，修饰后文句子，首字母大写。故填Apparently。
65．The (城堡) was enlarged considerably in the fifteenth century.
【答案】castle
【详解】考查名词。句意：这座城堡在十五世纪时得到了大幅扩建。根据汉语提示可知用名词castle，作主语，根据后文was可知为单数。故填castle。
66．These letters obviously helped sow the (种子) of love between the two.
【答案】seeds
【详解】考查名词。句意：显然，这些信件在两人之间播下了爱情的种子。此处用名词seed，作宾语。sow the seeds“播种”是固定短语。故填seeds。
67．The (最精彩部分) of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.
【答案】highlight
【详解】考查名词。句意：这次旅行最精彩的部分是参观泰姬陵。根据汉语提示“最精彩部分”可知，此处应填名词highlight，作主语，且根据谓语动词was可知，应用名词单数形式。故填highlight。
68．The police are looking into the (偷窃) of computers from the company’s offices.
【答案】theft
【详解】考查名词。句意：警方正在调查公司办公室电脑盗窃案。根据汉语提示可知用名词theft，作宾语。故填theft。
69．To sum up, one cannot (否认) the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages.
【答案】deny
【详解】考查动词。句意：总之，人们不能否认出国留学有其缺点这一事实。根据汉语提示可知 ，空处需要动词deny“否认”。空前为情态动词cannot，空处动词需要用原形。故填deny。
70．The protesters gathered to (要求) equal rights for all citizens, regardless of their race and religion.
【答案】demand
【详解】考查动词。句意：抗议者聚集起来，要求所有公民不论种族和宗教都享有平等权利。根据提示的汉语可知，表示“要求”应为demand，位于不定式符号to之后，所以使用动词原形。故填demand。
题型三 重点短语词组
71．汤姆原本打算参加聚会，但他另有事务缠身。
Tom the party, but he was otherwise engaged. (intend)
【答案】intended to have attended/ had intended to attend
【详解】考查动词时态。表示“原本打算做某事”用intend to have done sth.，表示过去本应该发生但实际上没有发生的动作，且“打算”这一动作发生在过去，谓语用过去式intended；表示“参加”用attend，所以用intended to have attended。或者：Tom被告知或意识到自己有其他事情要做（这个过去的时间点）之前，他已经有了参加派对的意图，时态用过去完成时，表示“原本打算做某事”用had intended to do sth.，所以用had intended to attend。故填intended to have attended或had intended to attend。
72．你必须不断总结经验，提高工作效率。
It is necessary for you constantly and improve the efficiency of your work.
【答案】 to sum up
【详解】考查非谓语动词。空处表示“总结”用短语sum up，句中使用句型“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”，其中It为形式主语，空处为真正主语，用不定式结构to sum up。故填①to②sum③up。
73．政府致力于消除贫困，并已取得显著进步。
The government reducing poverty has made remarkable progress.
【答案】 committed/devoted/dedicated to
【详解】考查非谓语动词和短语。表示“致力于”短语为be committed/devoted/dedicated to，此处省略be动词，过去分词作后置定语。故填committed/devoted/dedicated to。
74．One of the best players , and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.
最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题离队。
【答案】had been injured
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为动词injure“伤害，使受伤”，满足句意要求，结合句意可知，此处表示“受伤”，用被动语态be injured，由后文had to leave可知，此处动作发生在had to leave之前，所以为过去的过去，为过去完成时的被动语态结构。故填had been injured。
75．看到这些问题正在被简化，主管如释重负地笑了。
Seeing the problems were , the man in charge smiled .
【答案】 being simplified in relief
【详解】考查过去进行时的被动语态和介词。分析句子可知，本句为过去进行时的被动语态，其形式为“sth be being done”,在本句中为：being simplified。in relief“如释重负”为介词短语作状语。故填 (1). being (2). simplified (3). in (4). relief。
76．不幸的是，洪水冲毁了这座历史追溯回清朝的建筑。
Unfortunately, the flood destroyed the building the Qing Dynasty.
【答案】 dating back to
【详解】考查动词短语。表示“追溯”短语为date back to，该短语没有被动形式，故用现在分词作定语。故填dating back to。
77．He has always been me.
他老是占我的便宜。
【答案】 taking advantage of
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：他老是占我的便宜。“占……的便宜”常用短语“take advantage of”，根据“has always been”可知，这里使用现在完成进行时，其结构为have/has been doing，take的现在分词形式为taking，taking advantage of符合语境。故填taking advantage of。
78．我热爱生活在广州的原因有很多，美食、文化、夜生活等等，仅举几例。
There are many reasons why I love living in Guangzhou, the food, the culture, the night life, .
【答案】 to name but a few
【详解】考查固定短语。“仅举几例”常见英文表达为to name but a few”，在句中用于列举部分事物，表明前面所列举的“美食、文化、夜生活”只是众多原因中的一部分，故填to name but a few。
79．我最喜欢历史，因为它有助于我鉴往知来。
I like history most, because it helps me by reviewing the past.
【答案】(to) predict the future
【详解】考查动词和名词。根据中文提示可知，表示“知来”即为“预测未来”，可翻译为predict the future，且这里考查help sb (to) do sth，所以应用不定式结构。故填(to) predict the future。
80．最终，问题常常归结为缺乏沟通。
Ultimately, the problem often a lack of communication.
【答案】 boils down to
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。表示“归结为”应用固定搭配boil down to，结合“often”可知，表示经常性的动作，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填①boils；②down；③to。
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
（2025·广东惠州·一模）Urbanization continues to reshape cities globally, bringing about increased convenience for citizens as well as a range of challenges, particularly regarding parking.
Traditional parking such as vast surface lots and multi-story garages face great challenges for their inefficiencies and inability to scale effectively with increased vehicles. People in big cities frequently experience stress and delays due to insufficient parking. Research suggests that drivers in big cities often spend an additional 20-30 minutes circling blocks in search of open space, ultimately worsening traffic jams.
Cities are adopting technology-driven solutions and sustainable practices to address these parking issues. The smart parking systems make use of the potential of sensors, apps, and data analysis to maximize parking space usage. These systems allow drivers to quickly locate available parking. Also the introduction of mobile applications and the Internet of Things (IoT) fundamentally transformed urban parking. Parking apps offer features like booking and payment integration, further streamlining (使……流畅) the parking experience.
Cities are experimenting with integrating various transportation modes into a cohesive network. Options such as shared bicycle programs and improved public transit systems allow people to shift from car dependency, thereby lessening the strain on parking issues.
Meanwhile, widespread autonomous vehicle usage is anticipated to revolutionize (彻底改变) parking pared with private cars which are parked more than 90% of the time in a day, autonomous vehicles can operate nearly continuously to serve more people, reducing individual car ownership, so the corresponding demand for urban parking may decline.
Looking ahead, the evolution of urban parking appears promising as urban transportation continues to evolve. Modern planning strategies aim to reduce parking space with more integrated, multifunctional designs such as vertical (垂直的) and adaptable parking solutions and help reclaim valuable urban space for parks, housing, and other vital city functions.
1．The author mentions “20-30 minutes circling blocks” to show ________.
A．the lack of time management skills B．the low efficiency of current parking modes
C．the failure of urban traffic control measures D．the necessity of stricter parking regulations
2．How do smart parking systems help locate available parking
A．By expanding parking capacity. B．By using sensor- based parking apps.
C．By providing mobile payment options. D．By designing multifunctional buildings.
3．Why does the writer mention autonomous vehicles
A．To predict their future market share. B．To highlight their advanced technology.
C．To argue their popularity over traditional cars. D．To show their potential as effective alternatives.
4．What can be inferred about the future of urban parking
A．It will cause shortage and conflict. B．It will integrate technology with art.
C．It will prioritize public interest and flexibility. D．It will balance adaptability with sustainability.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了城市化进程中停车问题带来的挑战，以及科技驱动和可持续实践如何解决这些问题。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Traditional parking such as vast surface lots and multi-story garages face great challenges for their inefficiencies and inability to scale effectively with increased vehicles. (传统的停车场，如巨大的地面停车场和多层车库，由于效率低下和无法有效地适应车辆的增加而面临着巨大的挑战)”和“Research suggests that drivers in big cities often spend an additional 20-30 minutes circling blocks in search of open space, ultimately worsening traffic jams.(研究表明，大城市的司机通常需要多花20-30分钟绕街区寻找停车位，最终加剧交通拥堵)”可推知，作者提到“20-30分钟绕街区”是为了说明当前停车模式的低效。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The smart parking systems make use of the potential of sensors, apps, and data analysis to maximize parking space usage. These systems allow drivers to quickly locate available parking.(智能停车系统利用传感器、应用程序和数据分析的潜力来最大化停车位使用率。这些系统让司机能快速找到可用停车位)”可知，智能停车系统通过基于传感器的停车应用帮助定位可用停车位。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Meanwhile, widespread autonomous vehicle usage is anticipated to revolutionize (彻底改变) parking pared with private cars which are parked more than 90% of the time in a day, autonomous vehicles can operate nearly continuously to serve more people, reducing individual car ownership, so the corresponding demand for urban parking may decline.(与此同时，广泛使用的自动驾驶车辆有望进一步彻底改变停车。私家车一天中超过90%的时间都在停放中，与此相比，自动驾驶车辆几乎可以持续运行以服务更多人，减少个人汽车保有量，因此城市停车的需求可能会下降)”可推知，作者提到自动驾驶车辆是为了展示其作为有效替代方案的潜力。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Modern planning strategies aim to reduce parking space with more integrated, multifunctional designs such as vertical and adaptable parking solutions and help reclaim valuable urban space for parks, housing, and other vital city functions.(现代规划策略旨在通过更综合、多功能的设计（如垂直和适应性停车解决方案）减少停车空间，并帮助回收宝贵的城市空间用于公园、住房和其他重要城市功能)”可推知，未来城市停车将平衡适应性与可持续性。故选D。
（2025·广东汕头·三模）Eight-year-old S. Hariraj is a Foldscope devotee. He’s used it to examine the milk from his family’s cows. Though the milk looks creamy, the Foldscope reveals a world of microorganisms. “It has to be boiled and cooled before we can drink it,” he realized.
This incredible device is no ordinary microscope. Made from waterproof, tear-resistant paper, it comes in a small bag with parts that can be attached in minutes. Magnets (磁铁) hold it together, and a tiny lens (透镜) allows it to enlarge objects up to 140 times. Once built, it’s no larger than a bookmark, small enough to slip into a pocket. And the best part It costs just $2 to produce, and millions of children in low-income countries get them for free.
The idea for the Foldscope began with Manu Prakash, a professor at Stanford University, who grew up in India. As a sixth grader, he and his classmates failed to draw a microscope in a test — none of them had ever seen one. Microscopes were expensive, and not all schools could afford a well-equipped lab. “The spirit of exploration was critical to the study of science,” says Prakash. “But in order to develop that spirit, you need the right tools.” Determined to change the situation, Prakash spent years experimenting, even borrowing lenses from his brother’s glasses. In 2014, he and his Ph.D．student finally developed the Foldscope, using paper-folding techniques to create an alternative to traditional microscopes.
Young Hariraj encountered the Foldscope at Eden School in southern India, where it has transformed science lessons. Children eagerly rush outdoors, searching for ants, flowers, and leaves to examine. “I just love the look of amazement when kids look into the Foldscope,” says Indira Pandiarajan, the school principal. “When their eyes light up, I know that’s the moment they will accept science enthusiastically and learning for the rest of their lives.”
1．Why does the author mention Hariraj in paragraph 1
A．To introduce his hobby.
B．To describe his family life.
C．To explain milk’s components.
D．To show Foldscope’s practical use.
2．What is a feature of the Foldscope according to the text
A．It is user-friendly.
B．It is magnetic-resistant.
C．It is intended for book lovers.
D．It provides step-by-step instructions.
3．What motivated Manu Prakash to develop the Foldscope
A．His passion for paper-folding art.
B．A university project assigned by his professor.
C．The popularity of portable science tools in India.
D．The high cost and lack of microscopes in his childhood school.
4．Which statement would Indira Pandiarajan probably agree with
A．Scientific spirit unites researchers in India.
B．The Foldscope facilitates science learning.
C．The Foldscope eases teaching workload.
D．Scientific spirit fuels headmasters’ enthusiasm.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了折叠显微镜的发明、特点及其在科学教育中的应用和影响。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Eight-year-old S. Hariraj is a Foldscope devotee. He’s used it to examine the milk from his family’s cows. Though the milk looks creamy, the Foldscope reveals a world of microorganisms. (八岁的S. Hariraj是折叠显微镜的忠实爱好者。他曾用它来观察自家奶牛产的牛奶。虽然牛奶看起来浓稠香醇，但折叠显微镜却揭示出一个微生物的世界。)”可知，作者提到Hariraj是为了展示折叠显微镜的实际应用。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Made from waterproof, tear-resistant paper, it comes in a small bag with parts that can be attached in minutes. Magnets (磁铁) hold it together, and a tiny lens (透镜) allows it to enlarge objects up to 140 times. Once built, it’s no larger than a bookmark, small enough to slip into a pocket. (它由防水、防撕裂的纸张制成，装在一个小袋子里，零件可以在几分钟内安装好。磁铁将它固定在一起，一个小透镜可以放大物体140倍。一旦建成，它的大小不超过一个书签，小到可以塞进口袋。)”可知，折叠显微镜的特点是用户友好，易于组装和使用。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“As a sixth grader, he and his classmates failed to draw a microscope in a test — none of them had ever seen one. Microscopes were expensive, and not all schools could afford a well-equipped lab. (六年级时，他和他的同学在一次考试中没能画出显微镜——他们谁也没见过。显微镜很贵，不是所有的学校都能负担得起设备齐全的实验室。)”可知，Manu Prakash研发折叠显微镜的动机是他童年时学校显微镜的高成本和缺乏。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““I just love the look of amazement when kids look into the Foldscope,” says Indira Pandiarajan, the school principal. “When their eyes light up, I know that’s the moment they will accept science enthusiastically and learning for the rest of their lives.” (“我只是喜欢孩子们看到折叠显微镜时惊讶的表情，”学校校长Indira Pandiarajan说。“当他们的眼睛亮起来时，我知道那是他们将热情接受科学并终身学习的时刻。”)”可知，Indira Pandiarajan会同意折叠显微镜促进科学学习的观点。故选B。
题型二 完形词汇和短语
（2025·山西太原·模拟预测）Over 80 years after he first joined the RAF, 102-year- old Jack Hemmings took to the skies again to fly one of the Heritage Hangar’s iconic Spitfire aircraft. The 1 of the flight was to raise funds and awareness for Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF), the world’s 2 humanitarian air service that Jack co-founded with fellow RAF veteran Stuart King, who passed away in 2020.
MAF works to bring aid, development and mission 3 to help people in the world’s most remote areas access essentials-with an MAF plane taking off or landing 4 four minutes! Jack joined the RAF in 1941 and over his flying career he 5 the Air Force Cross for exemplary gallantry, and the RAF’s Master Air Pilot award. In 1947 he 6 the Mildmay Movement, a Christian air service which became the MAF.
Jack’s time in the air hasn’t always 7 to plan-during an early pioneering flight, Jack and Stuart crashed into a hillside in Burundi! “Neither of us were 8 except a bruise and a cut on my little finger,” Jack says. “But I have been 9 Crasher Jack ever since.”
10 , no such accidents occurred in his more recent flight. Making history as Britain’s oldest Spitfire pilot, Jack got into the cockpit alongside Spitfire pilot Barry Hughes and 11 off from a field in Kent, 12 three victory rolls during a 20-minute flight. He called the experience “absolutely delightful.”
And age is no 13 : “It’s not incredible being 102. You just get up every day and 14 about your business. It’s the present moment which 15 and this one was very special indeed,” the centenarian says.
1．A．problem B．result C．purpose D．method
2．A．amazing. B．common C．small D．new
3．A．revolution B．organisations C．population D．situation
4．A．some B．any C．every D．each
5．A．refused B．missed C．lost D．received
6．A．took part B．joined in C．got involved D．came up
7．A．started B．finished C．gone D．continued
8．A．injured B．killed C．saved D．caught
9．A．thought B．known C．considered D．called
10．A．Unfortunately B．Fortunately C．Surprisingly D．Interestingly
11．A．took B．flew C．landed D．rode
12．A．making B．having C．doing D．performing
13．A．thing B．problem C．matter D．object
14．A．stay B．work C．go D．Live
15．A．exists B．counts C．happens D．appears
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了 102 岁的 Jack Hemmings 在加入英国皇家空军（RAF）80 多年后，再次驾驶标志性的喷气式战斗机上天飞行，此次飞行旨在为他与人共同创立的 Mission Aviation Fellowship（MAF）筹集资金并提高其知名度，同时介绍了他的飞行生涯及相关经历。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此次飞行的目的是为MAF筹集资金并提升其知名度。MAF 是一家不起的全球人道主义航空服务机构，由杰克与同为英国皇家空军退伍军人的斯图尔特 金共同创立，斯图尔特 金于 2020 年去世。A. problem问题；B. result结果；C. purpose目的；D. method方法。根据下文 “to raise funds and awareness for Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF)” 可知，这里说的是飞行的目的，故选C。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此次飞行的目的是为MAF筹集资金并提升其知名度。MAF 是一家不起的全球人道主义航空服务机构，由杰克与同为英国皇家空军退伍军人的斯图尔特 金共同创立，斯图尔特 金于 2020 年去世。A. amazing令人惊叹的，了不起的；B. common普通的；C. small小的；D. new新的。根据下文“MAF works to bring aid, development and mission... to help people in the world’s most remote areas access essentials-with an MAF plane taking off or landing...four minutes!”可知，MAF 是世界上了不起的人道主义航空服务组织，故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：MAF致力于提供援助、推动发展，并携手传教组织，助力世界上最偏远地区的人们获取生活必需品，MAF 的飞机每四分钟就会有一次起飞或降落！A. revolution革命；B. organisations组织；C. population人口；D. situation情况。这里说的是携手传教组织去帮助偏远地区的人，mission organization“传教组织”。故选B。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：MAF致力于提供援助、推动发展，并携手传教组织，助力世界上最偏远地区的人们获取生活必需品，MAF 的飞机每四分钟就会有一次起飞或降落！A. some一些；B. any任何；C. every每；D. each每个。根据下文“four minutes!”可知，MAF 的飞机每四分钟就会有一次起飞或降落！every + 一段时间，表示“每隔…… 时间”，这里说每四分钟，故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jack 在 1941 年加入英国皇家空军，在他的飞行生涯中，他因杰出的英勇行为获得了空军十字勋章和英国皇家空军的特级飞行员奖。A. refused拒绝；B. missed错过；C. lost失去；D. received获得。根据下文“the Air Force Cross for exemplary gallantry, and the RAF’s Master Air Pilot award”可知，他因杰出的英勇行为获得了空军十字勋章和英国皇家空军的特级飞行员奖，故选D。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：1947 年，他参加了 Mildmay Movement，这是一个基督教航空服务组织，后来成为了 MAF。A. took part（in）参加（活动、组织等）；B. joined in参加（活动，强调加入并参与其中）；C. got involved（in）涉及；D. came up出现。根据“Mildmay Movement”可知，这里指参加组织，take part in 更合适，故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jack在空中的经历并非总是按计划进行 —— 在一次早期的开拓性飞行中，杰克和斯图尔特在布隆迪撞上了山坡。A. started开始；B. finished结束；C. gone去，进展；D. continued继续。根据下文“Jack and Stuart crashed into a hillside in Burundi!”可知，Jack在空中的经历并非总是按计划进行。go to plan 表示“按计划进行”，是固定搭配，故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“Jack说：“我们俩都没受重伤，只是我小手指上有一处擦伤和一道伤口。”。A. injured受伤；B. killed杀死；C. saved拯救；D. caught抓住。根据下文“except a bruise and a cut on my little finger”可知，没有受重伤，故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“但从那以后我就被叫做‘撞机杰克’了。”A. thought认为；B. known知道；C. considered考虑；D. called被叫做。根据下文“Crasher Jack”可知，这里是被叫做某个称呼，下文“called”也是提示。故选D。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在他最近的这次飞行中没有发生这样的事故。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；D. Interestingly 有趣地。根据下文“no such accidents occurred in his more recent flight.”可知，没有发生事故是幸运的，故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为英国最年长的喷气式战斗机飞行员，Jack 和喷气式战斗机飞行员 Barry Hughes 一起进入驾驶舱，从肯特郡的一个场地起飞，在 20 分钟的飞行中进行了三次胜利翻滚。A. took拿，取；B. flew飞；C. landed着陆；D. rode 骑。根据下文“off from a field in Ken”可知，从肯特郡的一个场地起飞。take off 表示 “起飞”，是固定短语，故选A。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：：作为英国最年长的喷气式战斗机飞行员，Jack 和喷气式战斗机飞行员 Barry Hughes 一起进入驾驶舱，从肯特郡的一个场地起飞，在 20 分钟的飞行中进行了三次胜利翻滚。perform 有 “执行，表演” 的意思，A. making制作；B. having有；C. doing做（较为宽泛）；D. performing执行，表演。根据下文“three victory rolls during a 20-minute flight.”可知，在 20 分钟的飞行中进行了三次胜利翻滚。perform victory rolls 表示 “进行胜利翻滚（飞行特技动作）”，故选D。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：年龄不是障碍。A. thing事情；B. problem问题；C. matter麻烦事；D. object物体,障碍。根据下文“It’s not incredible being 102.”可知，这里说年龄不构成阻碍，故选D。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你每天只是起床，继续做自己的事。A. stay停留；B. work工作；C. go去；D. live生活。根据下文“about your business.”可知，你每天只是起床，继续做自己的事。go about one's business 表示 “继续做自己的事”，故选C。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：重要的是当下 —— 而这一刻确实非常特别。A. exists存在；B. counts重要；C. happens发生；D. appears出现。根据下文“this one was very special indeed”可知，这里强调当下重要，故选B。
（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）Chusovitina retired from her legendary career after competing at a record eighth Olympic Games. After failing to 1 a spot in Sunday’s vault final, the 46-year-old, representing Uzbekistan, waved goodbye to the small crowd.
Born in Uzbek capital Tashkent in 1976, Chusovitina 2 gymnastics at age 7. She made her first Olympic 3 at the 1992 Barcelona Games. She then 4 Uzbekistan, later competed for German, but 5 back to Uzbekistan in 2013.
When Chusovitina’s 3 - year - old son was 6 with leukemia in 2002, she sold her possessions and used any prize money earned to pay for his medical 7 . Her switch to German 8 was motivated by the promise of a higher income and better medical care. After her son’s recovery, Chusovitina continued to compete, but this time it was her love of 9 that kept her going. “There is no 10 . I just love gymnastics and no one ever 11 me to compete. I do so with pleasure,” she said.
In a sport renowned for its 12 champions, Chusovitina has become a global fan favorite thanks to her persistence. She was selected into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame, and was 13 the Best Athlete of the Decade (2011-2020) in a public vote. She has 14 11 medals at major global championships and has five eponymous (以主角/创作者命名的) gymnastics 15 to her name. She’s a legendary athlete, a great mother.
1．A．show B．secure C．mark D．choose
2．A．put up B．made up C．took up D．set up
3．A．expression B．impression C．contribution D．appearance
4．A．left B．represented C．recognized D．confirmed
5．A．reunited B．held C．took D．switched
6．A．checked B．diagnosed C．connected D．treated
7．A．research B．conditions C．treatment D．record
8．A．citizenship B．membership C．leadership D．relationship
9．A．gymnastics B．medicine C．medals D．family
10．A．benefit B．doubt C．secret D．way
11．A．forced B．encouraged C．appointed D．allowed
12．A．competitive B．strong C．global D．youthful
13．A．named B．given C．shown D．offered
14．A．arranged B．counted C．sold D．collected
15．A．thoughts B．events C．skills D．habits
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了乌兹别克斯坦传奇运动员Chusovitina作为伟大的运动员和母亲的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在周日的跳马决赛中未能获得一席之地后，这位代表乌兹别克斯坦的46岁选手向一小群人挥手告别。A. show展示；B. secure获得；C. mark标记；D. choose选择。根据后文“waved goodbye to the small crowd(向一小群人挥手告别)”可知，之所以挥手告别，应该是没能在比赛中取得好的排位，只能提前离开比赛，而spot意为“排名位置”，其前使用动词secure符合题意。故选B项。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Chusovitina1976年出生于乌兹别克斯坦首都塔什干，7岁时开始学习体操。A. put up张贴；B. made up编造；C. took up开始从事；D. set up建立。根据前文“Born in Uzbek capital Tashkent in 1976(Chusovitina1976年出生于乌兹别克斯坦首都塔什干)”可知，此段在讲述她的生平，可推测描述完出生时间后，应该要描述的是她开始接触体操的时间为7岁。故选C项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上首次亮相奥运会。A. expression表达；B. impression印象；C. contribution贡献；D. appearance出现。根据后文“later competed for German(后来又代表德国参赛)”可知，她后面代表德国出战，即此段在描述她的生平，故可推测出空格处应该是描述她第一次参加奥运会，即第一次出现在奥运会的时间是1992年。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后，她代表乌兹别克斯坦参赛，后来又代表德国参赛，但在2013年又回到了乌兹别克斯坦。A. left离开；B. represented代表；C. recognized识别；D. confirmed确认。根据后文“later competed for German(后来又代表德国参赛)”可知，她后面代表德国出战，可推测在为德国而战之前，她代表的是自己的祖国。故选B项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后，她代表乌兹别克斯坦参赛，后来又代表德国参赛，但在2013年又回到了乌兹别克斯坦。A. reunited团聚；B. held举办；C. took拿；D. switched改变。根据本句“She then _____4____ Uzbekistan, later competed for German”可知，在重新代表自己的国家而战之前，她曾为德国而战，两个代表国家的变化即“改变”。故选D项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2002年，当Chusovitina 3岁的儿子被诊断出患有白血病时，她卖掉了自己的财产，并花费任何赚来的奖金来支付他的医学治疗。A. checked检查；B. diagnosed诊断；C. connected连接；D. treated治疗。根据本句“she sold her possessions and used any prize money earned(她卖掉了自己的财产，并花费任何赚来的奖金)”可知，她为了孩子，卖掉了自己的财产，可推测是在孩子被诊断出患病之后，be diagnosed with“被诊断为……”，treat“治疗”通常接介词for再接疾病名。故选B项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2002年，当Chusovitina 3岁的儿子被诊断出患有白血病时，她卖掉了自己的财产，并花费任何赚来的奖金来支付他的医学治疗。A. research研究；B. conditions状况；C. treatment治疗；D. record记录。根据后文“After her son’s recovery, Chusovitina continued to compete(在儿子康复后，Chusovitina继续参加比赛)”可知，她在儿子身体恢复后，继续参加体操比赛，可推测儿子患病后肯定经过了不断治疗和悉心照顾。故选C项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她转换为德国公民的动机是希望获得更高的收入和更好的医疗服务。A. citizenship公民身份；B. membership会员身份；C. leadership领导地位；D. relationship关系。根据前文第二段最后一句的“later competed for German(后来又代表德国参赛)”可知，她作为乌兹别克斯坦人却曾代表德国参加体操比赛，可推测是将自己的国籍改为了德国，即转换成德国公民的身份。故选A项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在儿子康复后，Chusovitina继续参加比赛，但这次是她对体操的热爱让她坚持了下来。A. gymnastics体操；B. medicine医药；C. medals奖牌；D. family家庭。根据后文“I just love gymnastics(我只是喜欢体操)”可知，她热爱体操运动。故选A项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“没有什么秘密。我只是喜欢体操，从来没有人强迫我参加比赛。我很乐意这样做，”她说。A. benefit利益；B. doubt怀疑；C. secret秘密；D. way方法。根据前文“After her son’s recovery, Chusovitina continued to compete(在儿子康复后，Chusovitina继续参加比赛)”可知，她在儿子身体恢复后，继续参加体操比赛，作为旁观者，肯定会推究其中的原因，但Chusovitina称只是因为热爱，故她想告诉大家她重回赛场并没有什么不为人知的原因，即秘密。故选C项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“没有什么秘密。我只是喜欢体操，从来没有人强迫我参加比赛。我很乐意这样做，”她说。A. forced迫使；B. encouraged鼓励；C. appointed任命；D. allowed允许。根据本句“I do so with pleasure,( 我很乐意这样做，)”可知，她因为热爱重回体操赛场，即并没有人强迫她这么做。故选A项。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一项以年轻冠军而闻名的运动中，Chusovitina因其坚持不懈而成为全球粉丝的最爱。A. competitive有竞争力的；B. strong强壮的；C. global全球的；D. youthful年轻的。根据前文“After her son’s recovery, Chusovitina continued to compete, but this time it was her love of gymnastics that kept her going.(在儿子康复后，Chusovitina继续参加比赛，但这次是她对体操的热爱让她坚持了下来。)”可知，Chusovitina从事的体操运动，众所周知，体操这一运动的退役年龄都很年轻，即体操冠军偏年轻化。故选D项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她被选入国际体操名人堂，并在公开投票中被评为十年最佳运动员（2011-2020）。A. named委任；B. given给予；C. shown展示；D. offered提供。根据本句中的“the Best Athlete of the Decade(十年最佳运动员)”可知，她获得了这项荣誉，即被委任、被选为最佳运动员。故选A项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在全球各大锦标赛上获得了11枚奖牌，并拥有五项同名体操技能。A. arranged安排；B. counted算数；C. sold出售；D. collected赢得。根据句中的“11 medals(11枚奖牌)”可知，此处应该需要搭配动词，表示她在体操生涯获得了11枚奖牌，动词collect“收集”熟词生义为“赢得”符合语境。故选D项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在全球各大锦标赛上获得了11枚奖牌，并拥有五项同名体操技能。A. thoughts思想；B. events事件；C. skills技能；D. habits习惯。根据后文“She’s a legendary athlete(她是一位传奇运动员)”可知，Chusovitina是一位传奇体操运动员，而体操动作有一些是根据运动员名字命名的，可推断有5项同名动作以Chusovitina命名，纵观四个选项，称之为体操技能最符合常识。故选C项。
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
（2025·山东·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Maria Gonzalez, an American musician, recently unveiled Melodies of the East, an album celebrating her eight-year journey 1 (master) the erhu, a traditional Chinese instrument. Her adventure began in 2015 during a Shanghai visit, where 2 instrument’s soulful tones fascinated her, causing her to pause her violin career.
“The erhu goes beyond mere performance — it dialogues with history,” Maria reflects. The delicate vibration (震动) of the strings and the control of the bow taught her 3 (humble) — a quality she acknowledges was foreign prior to her training. Her mentor, Master Wang, stressed that authentic music lives not in 4 (technique) precision, but in the sincerity of breath and fingertips.
A breakthrough moment occurred in 2021 when Maria combined erhu melodies with jazz rhythms at the Beijing Opera House, challenging the belief in East-West musical disharmony. “Sound is a universal dialect,” she asserts, “similar to how ancient trade routes 5 (exchange) not commodities alone, but philosophies.”
The track Bridges links the erhu’s sorrowful tones with electronic beats, 6 symbolizes intergenerational and cross-cultural combination. It includes 7 (recording) of street vendors’(商贩的) calls from New York and Beijing, integrating urban life into the music.
Currently, Maria conducts Los Angeles workshops employing the erhu to teach emotive storytelling. “The instrument knows no discrimination,” she remarks. “A curious child and seasoned musician both begin 8 the same silent stage. Each note 9 (create) is a step toward mutual understanding.”
Her forthcoming project cooperates with poets 10 (set) Tang Dynasty verses (诗句) to experimental erhu arrangements. “True harmony,” Maria concludes, “isn’t merely heard — it’s experienced.”
【答案】
1．mastering 2．the 3．humility 4．technical 5．exchanged 6．which 7．recordings 8．on 9．created 10．to set
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了美国音乐家玛丽亚 冈萨雷斯（Maria Gonzalez）的专辑《东方旋律》（Melodies of the East），讲述她八年来学习中国传统乐器二胡的历程。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：美国音乐家玛丽亚 冈萨雷斯（Maria Gonzalez）最近推出了专辑《东方旋律》（Melodies of the East），庆祝她花八年时间掌握中国传统乐器二胡的历程。空处作journey的定语，应用非谓语动词，且master与和暗含的逻辑主语“她”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填mastering。
2．考查冠词。句意：她的冒险之旅始于2015年的一次上海之行，在那里，这种乐器饱含深情的音调让她着迷，促使她暂停了小提琴事业。此处特指前文提到的“erhu（二胡）”，需用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
3．考查名词。句意：琴弦的微妙震动和运弓的控制教会了她谦逊——她承认这是她在训练前陌生的品质。空处应用名词humility作taught的宾语，humility是不可数名词。故填humility。
4．考查形容词。句意：她的导师王师傅强调，真正的音乐不在于技术的精准，而在于呼吸和指尖的真诚。空处应用形容词technical，修饰名词precision，作定语。故填technical。
5．考查时态。句意：她断言：“声音是一种通用语言，就像古代贸易路线不仅交换商品，还交流哲学一样。”空处作从句的谓语，根据空前的how ancient trade routes可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填exchanged。
6．考查定语从句。句意：曲目Bridges将二胡的忧伤音色与电子节拍交织，象征着跨代际和跨文化的融合。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The track Bridges，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
7．考查名词复数。句意：它收录了纽约和北京街头商贩的叫卖声，将城市生活融入音乐。空处应用名词recording，作includes的宾语，且recording是可数名词，结合下文“of street vendors’(商贩的) calls from New York and Beijing”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填recordings。
8．考查介词。句意：一个充满好奇的孩子和一位经验丰富的音乐家都从同一个无声的舞台开始。固定搭配：begin on the stage，意为“从舞台上开始”。故填on。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：每一个创造的音符都是迈向相互理解的一步。空处应用非谓语动词，且create与Each note之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填created。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：她即将开展的项目将与诗人合作，用实验性的二胡编曲为唐诗谱曲。空处应用非谓语动词，且cooperates with poets的目的是set Tang Dynasty verses to experimental erhu arrangements，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to set。
（2025·安徽·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Born in Bukhara, Uzbckistan in 1975, Oksana Chusovitina competed in her first Olympic Games at Barcelona 1992, 1 (win) gold with the Unified Team — 12 former Soviet athletes who chose to compete together following the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Chusovitina competed for Uzbckistan at the Atlanta 1996 Olympic Games. She got 2 (marry) in 1997 and her son, Alisher, was born in 1999.
Chuso’s first “ 3 (retire)” was due after the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games by which time five world championship 4 (medal) had been won including three golds. But in 2002, Alisher, then two years old, suffered from leukemia (白血病). The family moved to Germany where better treatment was available and Chuso continued to train 5 a way to take a break from the stresses of her son’s health.
“Many people thought that I was competing 6 (provide) medical treatment for my child, but it was the whole world 7 helped me to collect money for Alisher’s treatment,” Chuso told the media in 2020. “This was not in any way related to my career. I was training to keep myself away from 8 was going on at the hospital.”
Chuso competed at Athens 2004, and in 2006 gained German citizenship winning silver on vault (撑杆跳) at Beijing 2008 for her adopted nation, aged 33.
At the next Games, London 2012, Chuso came fifth in the vault final and finally, in 2013, Chuso returned to the place she calls home, Uzbekistan. Chuso switched back to competing for her home nation at Rio 2016 and at Tokyo 2020, but 9 (unfortunate) she did not make the apparatus final.
Uzbekistan gymnast Oksana Chusovitina had been aiming to compete at her 10 (nine) Olympic Games in Paris, but her hopes of participating in it were destroyed by injury.
【答案】
1．winning 2．married 3．retirement 4．medals 5．as 6．to provide 7．that 8．what 9．unfortunately 10．ninth
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了体操运动员丘索维金娜的奥运经历，她为儿子治疗白血病而继续训练比赛，以及她多次代表不同国家参加奥运会的故事，展现了她对体操的执着与热爱。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：1975年出生于乌兹别克斯坦布哈拉的丘索维金娜在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上首次参赛，与联合队一起赢得金牌——这支队伍由12名前苏联运动员组成，苏联解体后他们选择继续一起比赛。句中已有谓语competed，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，win和逻辑主语Oksana Chusovitina之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填winning。
2．考查形容词。句意：她在1997年结婚，儿子阿利舍尔于1999年出生。get married意为“结婚”，是固定短语，空处应用形容词married作表语。故填married。
3．考查名词。句意：丘索的第一次“退役”是在2000年悉尼奥运会之后，当时她已经获得了五枚世锦会奖牌，包括三枚金牌。根据空前的first可知，空处需填名词单数形式，retire对应的名词是retirement。故填retirement。
4．考查名词。句意同上。medal是可数名词，根据空前的five可知，空处需填名词复数形式。故填medals。
5．考查介词。句意：一家人搬到了医疗条件更好的德国，丘索继续训练，作为一种从儿子健康压力中解脱出来的方式。根据句意，此处表示“作为一种……的方式”，需用介词as。故填as。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人认为我参加比赛是为了给我的孩子提供医疗费用，但实际上是整个世界帮助我为阿利舍尔的治疗筹集了资金。句中已有谓语was competing，空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to provide。
7．考查强调句型。句意同上。此处是强调句结构“It be+被强调部分+that/who+其他”，被强调部分是the whole world，指物，需用引导词that。故填that。
8．考查宾语从句。句意：我训练是为了让自己远离医院里发生的一切。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
9．考查副词。句意：丘索维金娜在2016年里约奥运会和2020年东京奥运会上重新代表祖国参赛，但遗憾的是，她未能晋级器械决赛。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词unfortunately作状语。故填unfortunately。
10．考查数词。句意：乌兹别克斯坦体操运动员奥克萨娜·丘索维金娜本计划在巴黎第九届奥运会上参赛，但她的希望因伤病破灭。根据空前的her可知，空处需填序数词，表示“第九届奥运会”，nine对应的序数词是ninth。故填ninth。
03 高考溯源练
1.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
1．What can be inferred about the author’s early life
A．He witnessed food shortage. B．He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C．He donated food to Africans. D．He helped to cook at home.
2．Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment
A．To customize dishes for guests. B．To make the public aware of food waste.
C．To test a food processing method. D．To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Why the ingredients were used. B．Which dishes were best liked.
C．What the dishes were made of. D．Where the ingredients were bought.
4．What can we learn about wastED
A．It has ended as planned. B．It is creating new jobs.
C．It has regained popularity. D．It is criticized by top chefs.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。
2．（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“What is your name ” is a question most frequently asked when people meet for the first time. But for me, it was the first challenge I encountered as an international student in Ireland.
The pronunciation system of the Chinese language is quite different from that of English. For native speakers of English, some Chinese words are rather difficult to pronounce. My given name Qiuyu (秋雨), for instance, happened to be a great challenge for many of them. Every time I gave a self-introduction, I had to explain how to pronounce my name at least five times, yet they still could not say it the way I did.
Once in a lecture, the professor tried repeating my name after me over and over in front of thirty classmates. I really did not know whether I should continue correcting him or simply drop the matter. I feared that my classmates might grow tired of my efforts or even lose patience with me. After all, I did care about how other

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