Unit 4 Grammar 语法精讲精练(含答案解析) - 2024-2025外研版(2024)七年级下册英语

Unit 4 The art of having fun语法精讲精练
祈使句的结构和用法
一、祈使句的结构及用法
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等,主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。
(一)肯定的祈使句
1. 句型:以动词原形开头(省略主语)。
- Come in! 进来!
- Be quiet! 安静!
- Do your homework! 做你的作业吧!
2. 有时为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加上do,表示“务必,一定”。
- Do come on time! 一定要准时来!
(二)否定的祈使句型
1. Don't + 动词原形
- Don't be late. 不要迟到。
2. let + sb + not + 动原.
- Let's not speak loudly. 我们不要大声说话。
二、祈使句中需要注意的一些情况
(一)委婉语气
有时为了表示委婉的语气,可在句首或句尾加上please,但please加在句尾时,前面要用逗号隔开。
- Please sit down. 请坐!
- Stand up, please. 请起立。
(二)省略谓语动词
在意思较为明显的情况下,可把谓语动词省去。
- This way, please. 请这边走。
(三)加称呼
有时为了明确地向对方提出请求或发出命令,可加称呼,但称呼要与句子隔开。
- Turn off the light, Jim. 吉姆,关灯!
(四)特殊形式
某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号,也可作为祈使句使用。
- Hands up! 请举手!
- Hands down! 放下手!
- Taxi! 出租车!
(五)禁止性祈使句
有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
- No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
- No parking! 禁止停车
- No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
- No photos! 禁止拍照!
Unit 4 The art of having fun语法精练
一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)
1. ______ the door, please. It's cold outside.
A. Closing B. Close C. Closes D. To close
2. Let's ______ a party this weekend.
A. having B. to have C. have D. has
3. ______ be late for class again.
A. Not B. Don't C. Can't D. Doesn't
4. Please ______ your homework carefully.
A. do B. doing C. to do D. does
5. ______ hard, and you will pass the exam.
A. Study B. Studying C. To study D. Studies
6. ______ me a hand, will you
A. Give B. Giving C. To give D. Gives
7. Let Tom ______ the window.
A. cleaning B. to clean C. clean D. cleans
8. ______ loudly in the library.
A. Don't talk B. Not talk C. Talk not D. Don't talking
9. ______ here early tomorrow.
A. Come B. Coming C. To come D. Comes
10. Do ______ your parents say.
A. like B. as C. for D. with
11. ______ the TV, please. I want to watch the news.
A. Turn on B. Turning on C. To turn on D. Turns on
12. Let's not ______ about the past.
A. worry B. to worry C. worrying D. worried
13. ______ in bed. It's bad for your eyes.
A. Don't read B. Not read C. Read not D. Don't reading
14. ______ up, or you'll be late for school.
A. Hurry B. Hurrying C. To hurry D. Hurries
15. Please ______ your hands if you have questions.
A. raise B. raising C. to raise D. raises
16. ______ a good time!
A. Have B. Having C. To have D. Has
17. Don't ______ the waste paper. We can collect and recycle it.
A. throw away B. throwing away C. to throw away D. throws away
18. ______ along this street, and you'll find the hospital.
A. Walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walks
19. Let the children ______ happily.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
20. ______ careful! The road is icy.
A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共20分)
1. ______ (open) the door, Mike.
2. Let's ______ (go) to the park this afternoon.
3. ______ (not talk) in the library.
4. Please ______ (write) your name on the paper.
5. ______ (come) and join us!
6. Don't ______ (be) afraid of the dog.
7. Let him ______ (help) you with your English.
8. ______ (listen) to the teacher carefully in class.
9. ______ (not smoke) here. It's a non - smoking area.
10. ______ (put) on your coat. It's cold outside.
11. Do ______ (clean) your room every day.
12. Let the students ______ (have) a break.
13. ______ (look) out! There's a car coming.
14. ______ (not forget) to bring your book tomorrow.
15. ______ (close) the window before you leave.
16. Let's ______ (start) the game now.
17. ______ (be) quiet, please. The baby is sleeping.
18. Don't ______ (run) in the hallway.
19. ______ (take) a seat and make yourself at home.
20. ______ (not make) so much noise.
三、句型转换(每小题2分,共10分)
1. Open the window.(改为否定句)
______ ______ the window.
2. Let's go to the zoo.(改为否定句)
Let's ______ ______ to the zoo.
3. Please sit down.(改为反义句)
Please ______ ______.
4. Don't be late.(改为肯定句)
______ ______ on time.
5. Come here early.(改为否定句)
______ ______ here early.
6. Let him play football.(改为否定句)
Let him ______ ______ football.
7. Stand up.(改为委婉语气加上please)
______ ______ _______.
8. Do your homework quickly.(加强语气,用上do)
______ ______ your homework quickly.
9. This way, please.(补充完整谓语动词)
______ ______ this way, please.
10. Hands up!(改为否定句)
______ ______ hands up!
四、翻译句子(每题4分,共40分)
1. 请关上门。
________________________
2. 咱们去公园吧。
________________________
3. 不要在墙上画画。
________________________
4. 请把你的照片给我看看。
________________________
5. 努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。
________________________
6. 不要在课堂上睡觉。
________________________
7. 让我们一起打扫教室吧。
________________________
8. 请准时到达这里。
________________________
9. 不要浪费食物。
________________________
10. 这边走,请。
________________________一、单项选择题
1. 答案:B
- 解析:该句是祈使句,祈使句以动词原形开头,所以用Close,A选项Closing是现在分词形式;C选项Closes是第三人称单数形式;D选项To close是动词不定式,均不符合祈使句结构,故答案为B。
2. 答案:C
- 解析:Let's后面接动词原形,构成Let's do sth.结构,表示“让我们做某事吧”,A选项having是现在分词;B选项to have是动词不定式;D选项has是第三人称单数形式,所以选C。
3. 答案:B
- 解析:否定祈使句常用“Don't + 动词原形”结构,A选项Not不能直接构成否定祈使句;C选项Can't表示“不能”,语气较强,一般不用于否定祈使句的开头;D选项Doesn't用于一般现在时第三人称单数的否定句,不能用于祈使句,所以选B。
4. 答案:A
- 解析:祈使句中please后接动词原形,B选项doing是现在分词;C选项to do是动词不定式;D选项does是第三人称单数形式,所以选A。
5. 答案:A
- 解析:“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”是固定句型,祈使句部分用动词原形,B选项Studying是现在分词;C选项To study是动词不定式;D选项Studies是第三人称单数形式,所以选A。
6. 答案:A
- 解析:该句是祈使句,以动词原形开头,B选项Giving是现在分词;C选项To give是动词不定式;D选项Gives是第三人称单数形式,所以选A。
7. 答案:C
- 解析:Let sb. do sth.是固定搭配,意为“让某人做某事”,所以用动词原形clean,A选项cleaning是现在分词;B选项to clean是动词不定式;D选项cleans是第三人称单数形式,所以选C。
8. 答案:A
- 解析:在图书馆不应该大声说话,这是否定祈使句,用“Don't + 动词原形”结构,B选项Not talk结构错误;C选项Talk not不符合否定祈使句的表达;D选项Don't talking中talking形式错误,所以选A。
9. 答案:A
- 解析:祈使句以动词原形开头,B选项Coming是现在分词;C选项To come是动词不定式;D选项Comes是第三人称单数形式,所以选A。
10. 答案:B
- 解析:“Do as sb. say”表示“照某人说的做”,as在这里是“按照”的意思,A选项like表示“像;喜欢”;C选项for表示“为了;对于”;D选项with表示“和;带有”,均不符合语境,所以选B。
11. 答案:A
- 解析:祈使句以动词原形开头,B选项Turning on是现在分词形式;C选项To turn on是动词不定式;D选项Turns on是第三人称单数形式,所以选A。
12. 答案:A
- 解析:Let's not后面接动词原形,构成Let's not do sth.结构,表示“让我们不要做某事”,B选项to worry是动词不定式;C选项worrying是现在分词;D选项worried是过去式和过去分词形式,所以选A。
13. 答案:A
- 解析:在床上看书对眼睛不好,这是否定祈使句,用“Don't + 动词原形”结构,B选项Not read结构错误;C选项Read not不符合否定祈使句的表达;D选项Don't reading中reading形式错误,所以选A。
14. 答案:A
- 解析:“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”是固定句型,祈使句部分用动词原形,B选项Hurrying是现在分词;C选项To hurry是动词不定式;D选项Hurries是第三人称单数形式,所以选A。
15. 答案:A
- 解析:祈使句中please后接动词原形,B选项raising是现在分词;C选项to raise是动词不定式;D选项raises是第三人称单数形式,所以选A。
16. 答案:A
- 解析:“Have a good time!”是常用的祈使句,表示“玩得开心!”,B选项Having是现在分词;C选项To have是动词不定式;D选项Has是第三人称单数形式,所以选A。
17. 答案:A
- 解析:否定祈使句用“Don't + 动词原形”结构,B选项throwing away是现在分词形式;C选项to throw away是动词不定式;D选项throws away是第三人称单数形式,所以选A。
18. 答案:A
- 解析:“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”是固定句型,祈使句部分用动词原形,B选项Walking是现在分词;C选项To walk是动词不定式;D选项Walks是第三人称单数形式,所以选A。
19. 答案:A
- 解析:Let sb. do sth.是固定搭配,所以用动词原形play,B选项to play是动词不定式;C选项playing是现在分词;D选项played是过去式和过去分词形式,所以选A。
20. 答案:A
- 解析:“Be careful!”是常用的祈使句,表示“小心!”,B选项Being是现在分词;C选项To be是动词不定式;D选项Been是过去分词,所以选A。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. 答案:Open
- 解析:该句是祈使句,以动词原形开头,所以用Open。
2. 答案:go
- 解析:Let's后面接动词原形,所以用go。
3. 答案:Don't talk
- 解析:在图书馆不应该说话,这是否定祈使句,用“Don't + 动词原形”结构,所以用Don't talk。
4. 答案:write
- 解析:祈使句中please后接动词原形,所以用write。
5. 答案:Come
- 解析:该句是祈使句,以动词原形开头,所以用Come。
6. 答案:be
- 解析:Don't后面接动词原形,be afraid of是固定短语,意为“害怕”,所以用be。
7. 答案:help
- 解析:Let sb. do sth.是固定搭配,所以用动词原形help。
8. 答案:Listen
- 解析:该句是祈使句,以动词原形开头,所以用Listen。
9. 答案:Don't smoke
- 解析:这是否定祈使句,用“Don't + 动词原形”结构,所以用Don't smoke。
10. 答案:Put
- 解析:该句是祈使句,以动词原形开头,所以用Put。
11. 答案:clean
- 解析:Do在这里用于加强语气,后面接动词原形,所以用clean。
12. 答案:have
- 解析:Let sb. do sth.是固定搭配,所以用动词原形have。
13. 答案:Look
- 解析:该句是祈使句,以动词原形开头,所以用Look。
14. 答案:Don't forget
- 解析:这是否定祈使句,用“Don't + 动词原形”结构,所以用Don't forget。
15. 答案:Close
- 解析:该句是祈使句,以动词原形开头,所以用Close。
16. 答案:start
- 解析:Let's后面接动词原形,所以用start。
17. 答案:Be
- 解析:“Be quiet”是常用的祈使句,表示“安静”,所以用Be。
18. 答案:run
- 解析:Don't后面接动词原形,所以用run。
19. 答案:Take
- 解析:该句是祈使句,以动词原形开头,所以用Take。
20. 答案:Don't make
- 解析:这是否定祈使句,用“Don't + 动词原形”结构,所以用Don't make。
三、句型转换
1. 答案:Don't open
- 解析:Open the window.是肯定祈使句,改为否定句在动词原形前加Don't,所以是Don't open the window.
2. 答案:not go
- 解析:Let's go to the zoo.的否定形式是Let's not go to the zoo.,在Let's后面加not。
3. 答案:stand up
- 解析:sit down的反义是stand up,所以Please sit down.的反义句是Please stand up.
4. 答案:Be on time
- 解析:Don't be late.是否定祈使句,改为肯定句去掉Don't,将be动词提到句首,所以是Be on time.
5. 答案:Don't come
- 解析:Come here early.是肯定祈使句,改为否定句在动词原形前加Don't,所以是Don't come here early.
6. 答案:not play
- 解析:Let him play football.的否定形式是Let him not play football.,在him后面加not。
7. 答案:Please stand up
- 解析:在祈使句Stand up前加上Please,构成委婉语气,所以是Please stand up.
8. 答案:Do do
- 解析:为了加强语气,在动词原形前加上do,所以是Do do your homework quickly.
9. 答案:Walk this
- 解析:This way, please.补充完整谓语动词,常用的是Walk this way, please.,表示“请这边走”。
10. 答案:Don't put
- 解析:Hands up!是祈使句,改为否定句在动词原形前加Don't,Hands up!的完整表达是Put your hands up.,所以否定句是Don't put hands up!
四、翻译句子
1. 答案:Please close the door.
- 解析:“请”用Please表示,“关”用close,“门”是the door,祈使句用动词原形开头,所以是Please close the door.
2. 答案:Let's go to the park.
- 解析:“咱们”用Let's表示,“去公园”用go to the park,构成Let's do sth.结构,所以是Let's go to the park.
3. 答案:Don't draw on the wall.
- 解析:“不要”用Don't表示,“画画”用draw,“在墙上”用on the wall,否定祈使句用“Don't + 动词原形”结构,所以是Don't draw on the wall.
4. 答案:Please show me your photos.
- 解析:“请”用Please,“给某人看某物”用show sb. sth.,“你的照片”是your photos,祈使句用动词原形开头,所以是Please show me your photos.
5. 答案:Study hard, and you will get good grades.
- 解析:“努力学习”用Study hard表示,“取得好成绩”用get good grades,“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”结构,所以是Study hard, and you will get good grades.
6. 答案:Don't sleep in class.
- 解析:“不要”用Don't,“睡觉”用sleep,“在课堂上”用in class,否定祈使句用“Don't + 动词原形”结构,所以是Don't sleep in class.
7. 答案:Let's clean the classroom together.
- 解析:“让我们”用Let's,“打扫教室”用clean the classroom,“一起”用together,构成Let's do sth.结构,所以是Let's clean the classroom together.
8. 答案:Please arrive here on time.
- 解析:“请”用Please,“到达这里”用arrive here,“准时”用on time,祈使句用动词原形开头,所以是Please arrive here on time.
9. 答案:Don't waste food.
- 解析:“不要”用Don't,“浪费”用waste,“食物”用food,否定祈使句用“Don't + 动词原形”结构,所以是Don't waste food.
10. 答案:This way, please.
- 解析:“这边走,请”常用的表达是This way, please.

郑重声明:本文版权归原作者所有,转载文章仅为传播更多信息之目的,如作者信息标记有误,请第一时间联系我们修改或删除,多谢。