UNIT 9　LEARNING(二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2024江苏南京二模)
What if our bodies had a new way — other than our eardrums — to hear the world around us That’s what neuroscientist David Eagleman wondered five years ago.Then he looked at the body for answers and saw a huge sound jack (插孔).“We have this huge input channel called our skin,” he says,“and we aren’t using it.”
So Eagleman,along with Scott Novich,his student at Baylor College of Medicine,created the Versatile Extra-Sensory Transducer,or VEST.The VEST is worn like it sounds.Through 32 tiny motors,it translates sound waves into vibrations (振动) on your back.
First,a computer or smartphone picks up sounds from your surroundings and breaks down the sound sample into a set of specific frequencies.Each frequency band in the set sets off one of 32 motors in the VEST.With time and practice,your brain learns to unconsciously interpret the series of vibrations as sound — and individual sounds as words in a language.
“There is no theoretical reason why this can’t be almost as good as the ears,” says Eagleman.So far,he has trained deaf people to recognize single words through the VEST.He hopes to eventually help them understand sentences,and then full conversations.Just like with language,Eagleman discovered,children — whose brains are more shapable — learned to interpret the VEST more easily than adults did.
Eagleman says his device could one day be deployed in dozens of professions to better understand complex environments.A pilot could interpret a plane’s condition through the VEST’s vibrations.An astronaut could literally feel the health of the International Space Station.Eagleman and Novich’s startup,Neo Sensory,plans to develop the VEST for all kinds of uses,so someday we all can experience this sixth sense.“The possibilities are endless for the kind of information we could be streaming in,” says Eagleman.
1.What is the VEST
A.A huge input channel on the body.
B.A computer-smartphone connector.
C.A processing program with tiny motors.
D.A wearable sound-vibration transformer.
2.What is the working procedure of the VEST
①motors to be activated　②sounds to be decomposed　③words to be interpreted
A.①②③　　　　 B.②③①
C.①③② D.②①③
3.What does the underlined word “deployed” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A.Assessed. B.Employed.
C.Detected. D.Invented.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Listen with Your Skin
B.Hear Your Sixth Sense
C.To Listen or Not
D.Here to Hear
B(2024湖南郴州三模)
Imagine living in a cool,green city alive with parks and threaded with footpaths,bike lanes and buses which transport people to shops,schools and service centers in a matter of minutes.
This fancy dream is behind the idea of the 15-minute city,where all basic needs and services are within a quarter of an hour’s reach,improving public health and lowering vehicle emissions.
Artificial intelligence could help urban planners realize that vision faster,with a new study from researchers at Tsinghua University in China demonstrating how machine learning can generate more efficient spatial layouts (空间布局) than humans can.
Automation scientist Zheng Yu and his colleagues wanted to find new solutions to improving our cities which are fast becoming blocked.They developed an AI system to tackle the tough tasks of urban planning and found it can produce urban plans that outperform human designs by about 50 percent in three aspects:access to services,green spaces and traffic levels.
Starting small,Zheng’s team tasked their model with designing the urban area only a few square kilometers in size (about 3×3 blocks).After two days of training,the AI system searched for the ideal road designs and land use to fit with the concept of the 15-minute city and local planning policies and needs.
While the AI model has some capabilities that could extend its use for planning larger urban areas,designing entire cities will be more complex.Drafting a neighborhood consisting of 4×4 blocks contains twice as many planning decisions as designing 3×3 blocks,the researchers said.But automating even a few steps in the planning process can save huge amounts of time:the AI model can compute in seconds certain tasks that take human planners between 50 to 100 minutes to work through.
Rather than AI replacing people,Zheng and his colleagues think their AI system can work as an “assistant” to urban planners,who could generate concept designs optimized (优化) by the system,and reviewed,adjusted and evaluated by human experts based on community feedback.
5.According to the text,which of the following is NOT a benefit of the “15-minute city” concept
A.Better public health.
B.Lower vehicle emissions.
C.Decreased access to green spaces.
D.Fast and convenient services.
6.Which major issue in cities did Zheng Yu and his team want to address
A.High levels of pollution.
B.Limited access to public services.
C.Shortage of affordable housing.
D.Rising crowding and traffic problems.
7.What can be concluded from the text about the AI model’s capabilities
A.It can design entire cities efficiently.
B.It takes longer to train for larger urban areas.
C.It can complete tasks much faster than human planners.
D.It is limited to planning only a few square kilometers at a time.
8.What’s the best title for this passage
A.Designing better cities with AI
B.The 15-Minute City:A Dream or Reality
C.Improving Public Health with Greener Cities
D.The Role of Machine Learning in Urban Design
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分)
(2025河北邯郸模拟)
At five,Dallas Salas was diagnosed with leukemia (白血病).Now this 18-year-old has graduated from Arizona State University (ASU) with a bachelor’s degree in medicine.
Speaking of his　9　,he recalled living through the 　10　 moments,sharing,“It was truly a heartbreaking experience.I 　11　 remember staying up at nights,crying.”
Salas said that the　12　 he experienced from the early-age leukemia diagnosis served as inspirations for him to 　13　 his education in the medical fields.“I have a part to play in defeating leukemia,” he said.“I 　14　 want to find a hands-on approach to helping other people deal with diseases.” Despite 　15　 his life’s challenge,Salas continued working hard towards his 　16　 with the result that he was admitted into ASU at age 13.
Salas owed his success to his mom,“So my mom was a great　17　,and she really inspired me to keep it going.” He said another person who 　18　 him in college was his teacher,Xavier Celaya.　19　 his experiences working with Salas,Celaya once said,“Whenever he didn’t 　20　 something,he’d always ask for clarification,which is a 　21　 not many students have.I’m always 　22　 to help him.I witnessed his rapid growth.”
Salas always stands by what he　23　,“If you’re going through bad experiences,remember:life is only 10% of what happens to you and 90% of what you make of it.”
9.A.independence B.graduation
C.responsibility D.employment
10.A.common B.boring
C.confusing D.tough
11.A.still B.seldom
C.hopefully D.finally
12.A.purposes B.pains
C.changes D.memories
13.A.control B.question
C.pursue D.confirm
14.A.randomly B.suddenly
C.slightly D.definitely
15.A.suffering from B.knowing about
C.adapting to D.depending on
16.A.adventure B.goal
C.standard D.support
17.A.motivator B.manager
C.designer D.actress
18.A.amused B.surprised
C.influenced D.comforted
19.A.Recording B.Discussing
C.Realizing D.Examining
20.A.remember B.communicate
C.overcome D.understand
21.A.talent B.challenge
C.quality D.condition
22.A.free B.nervous
C.afraid D.ready
23.A.believes B.means
C.predicts D.admits
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分)
(2024河南濮阳一模)
A deliveryman who jumped off a bridge to save a drowning woman in June in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,24.　　　　　　(award) a first-class merit citation(一等功) on November 13.
The honor is the 25.　　　　　　(high)that the Hangzhou government bestows (授予) on people who have acted bravely without considering their own safety.
Peng Qinglin,a 31-year-old from Zhangjiajie,Hunan Province,26.　　　　　　(deliver) his first order of the day at that time along Xixing Bridge when he heard a call for help.Without much hesitation,he jumped off the 12-meter-high bridge 27.　　　　　　 crosses the iconic Qiantang River.before swimming to the drowning woman and dragging her to safety.
A video capturing (拍摄) Peng’s heroics went popular 28.　　　　　　 instant it appeared on Chinese social media,29.　　　　　　(make)him get much attention from the public.
“There are plenty of unsung 30.　　　　　　(hero) in Hangzhou,” said Peng.“I just happened to be the one who got noticed.”
For his 31.　　　　　　(brave) and selflessness,Hangzhou police authorities earlier gave Peng the title of “Good Samaritan” and a cash prize of 30,000 yuan.32.　　　　　　 addition,the delivery company that Peng works for gave him a cash award of 50,000 yuan as well as the opportunity 33.　　　　　　(study) in college for free.
Peng’s courageousness is quite touching and more people will learn from him and extend a helping hand when others need it.
参考答案
UNIT 9　LEARNING(二)
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了VEST,一种将声音转化为背部振动,帮助聋人“听”见声音的可穿戴设备,以及其工作原理、应用前景。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The VEST is worn like it sounds.Through 32 tiny motors,it translates sound waves into vibrations (振动) on your back.”可知,VEST是一种可穿戴设备,能够将声音转化为背部的振动。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,工作流程先是声音被采集并分解成特定频率,接着这些频率激活VEST上的电机,最后大脑学会解读振动为声音和语言中的单词。因此,正确顺序为②①③。
3.B　词句猜测题。根据画线单词所在句中“to better understand complex environments”以及“A pilot could interpret a plane’s condition through the VEST’s vibrations.An astronaut could literally feel the health of the International Space Station.”可知,提到该装置未来可能在多种职业中被使用,以更好地理解复杂环境,因此deployed在此处意为“使用”。
4.A　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一种名为VEST的新设备,它能够让佩戴者通过皮肤“听到”声音,这是一种利用振动将声音信号传递给大脑的方式,颠覆了传统依赖耳膜的听觉方式。因此,A项“用你的皮肤去听”最能概括文章内容,体现了这种创新的听觉感知方式,适合作文章的标题。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是中国清华大学研究人员的一项新研究展示了人工智能可以帮助城市规划者更快地创建城市规划设计。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,15分钟城市规划可以使所有的基本需求和服务都在一刻钟的范围内,改善了公众健康,降低了汽车排放物,只有“降低进入绿地的机会”与首段中所提到的梦幻般的城市梦想相反,由此可知,不是减少了进入绿地的机会,而是机会更多。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Automation scientist Zheng Yu and his colleagues wanted to find new solutions to improving our cities which are fast becoming blocked.”可知,郑宇和他的同事们正在寻找新的方法来改善我们正在变得堵塞的城市,由此可知,日益拥挤和交通问题是他们想要解决的城市中的主要问题。
7.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“But automating even a few steps in the planning process can save huge amounts of time:the AI model can compute in seconds certain tasks that take human planners between 50 to 100 minutes to work through.”可知,人工智能模型可以在几秒内计算出人类规划者50到100分钟才能完成的某些任务,由此可知,人工智能可以完成任务的速度比人类设计师更快。
8.A　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是利用人工智能可以设计出更好的城市,所以标题“利用人工智能设计更好的城市”符合本文的内容,且概括本文的主题,适合作为最佳标题。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dallas Salas 在5岁时被诊断出患有白血病,但是他没有放弃自己的人生,而是选择在医学领域继续深造,现在,这位18岁的年轻人已经从亚利桑那州立大学毕业,获得了医学学士学位。
9.B　根据上文“Now this 18-year-old has graduated from Arizona State University (ASU) with a bachelor’s degree in medicine.”可知,此处指从亚利桑那州立大学毕业。
10.D　根据下文“It was truly a heartbreaking experience.”可知,那段日子十分艰难。
11.A　根据下文“remember staying up at nights,crying”可知,他仍然还记得当时的情景。故选A项。
12.B　根据下文“he experienced from the early-age leukemia diagnosis”可知,因为白血病,他经历了痛苦。故选B项。
13.C　根据下文“his education in the medical fields”可知,患病的痛苦激励他在医学领域继续深造。故选C项。
14.D　根据上文“I have a part to play in defeating leukemia”可知,自身患病的经历让他必定想找到救治疾病的办法。故选D项。
15.A　suffer from遭受;know about了解;adapt to适应;depend on依靠。根据下文“his life’s challenge”可知,此处指他遭受了患病的人生挑战,故选A项。
16.B　根据下文“with the result that he was admitted into ASU at age 13”可知,Salas继续朝着他的目标努力,结果他在13岁时被亚利桑那州立大学录取。故选B项。
17.A　根据下文“she really inspired me to keep it going”可知,Salas把他的成功归功于他的妈妈,他认为妈妈是一个伟大的激励者。
18.C　根据下文“him in college was his teacher,Xavier Celaya”可知,除了妈妈,Xavier Celaya老师是另一个影响他的人。
19.B　下文“he’d always ask for clarification”主要是谈到了与Salas共事的经历。
20.D　根据下文“he’d always ask for clarification”可知,Celaya需要阐明Salas不理解的地方。
21.C　根据上文“he’d always ask for clarification”可知,他敢于提问,这是很多学生没有的品质。
22.D　上文提到老师认为Salas有很多学生没有的品质,可推知他喜欢Salas,随时准备帮助他。故选D项。
23.A　下文“If you’re going through bad experiences,remember:life is only 10% of what happens to you and 90% of what you make of it.”是Salas始终坚持的信念,即他相信的道理。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了杭州市外卖小哥彭清林跳江救人被授予一等功。
24.was awarded　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知,空格处作谓语。根据句中时间状语on November 13可知,此处时态是一般过去时。句子主语deliveryman与award是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。故填was awarded。
25.highest　考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的定冠词the以及句意可知,空格处应填入形容词的最高级形式。故填highest。
26.was delivering　考查动词的时态。分析句子可知,空格处应填入谓语动词。sb be doing sth when...意为“某人正在做某事这时……”。根据句中he heard a call可知,空格处应用过去进行时态。故填was delivering。
27.that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,此处是限制性定语从句。先行词为bridge,指物,故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
28.the　考查冠词。分析句子可知,空格处应填入冠词。the instant引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”,故填the。
29.making　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意,此处是结果状语,且表示自然而然的结果,故用动词-ing形式。故填making。
30.heroes　考查名词的数。根据空前的“There are plenty of”可知,应用复数形式。故填heroes。
31.bravery　考查词性转换。根据空格前的For his可知,此处应填名词作宾语,故填bravery。
32.In　考查介词。in addition,意为“此外”。故填In。
33.to study　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。修饰名词opportunity常用动词不定式结构。故填to study。
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