UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2024福建漳州四模)
Raised in Jacksonville,a small town in North Carolina,Christina Koch always knew she wanted to be an astronaut.This dream began as early as kindergarten,during a time when spaceflight was dominated by men.“Fortunately,when I told my kindergarten teachers that I wanted to be an astronaut they supported me.No one told me that it was unattainable.And whether it was my own hard-headedness or that encouragement,I did go full forward into pursuing my dream to become an astronaut,” she says.
Koch found inspiration in pioneers like Sally Ride and Mae Jemison,but also in everyday heroes — from civil rights activists to her independent grandmother.These examples,along with her family’s emphasis on hard work,instilled in her the courage to chase her dreams.
Koch studied physics and electrical engineering before joining NASA at the Goddard Space Flight Center,where she contributed to the development of scientific instruments on several space missions.Driven by a thirst for adventure,she spent a year in Antarctica’s tough environment and then in other remote locations like Greenland.Unsurprisingly,she cited photography,travel,camping and climbing among her hobbies.
The ultimate fulfillment (实现) of her dream came in 2013,when she was selected as an astronaut,joining a groundbreaking class with an equal number of men and women.Previously,women comprised only 17% of NASA’s astronauts.After completing training in 2015,she was assigned her first long-stay mission on the International Space Station (ISS).Her success is undeniable.As part of the Artemis Ⅱ mission,scheduled for 2025,she’ll travel further than any human since Apollo,an evidence of her constant ambition.
Koch advocates following passions and embracing challenges.“Do what scares you,” she advises,“because those things often lead to the greatest fulfillment and contributions.”Besides,Koch also says that there’s one that should never be forgotten:“Support the people around you.Make sure that you’re thinking about the success of those around you,that you’re helping them,and together we all will achieve as much as we possibly can.”
1.What initially motivated Koch to become an astronaut
A.Her desire to push herself to the limit.
B.Her early enthusiasm in space exploration.
C.Her wish to reward her kindergarten teachers.
D.Her ambition to change the position of women astronauts.
2.What can we infer from the passage
A.Koch invented some scientific devices.
B.Koch set a record for the longest spaceflight.
C.Various hobbies prepared Koch for adventure.
D.Role models impacted Koch greatly in her life journey.
3.What does Koch’s advice indicate
A.Seeking support is crucial for dream chasers.
B.Being kind to others is the stepstone to success.
C.Welcoming challenges leads to personal growth.
D.Working tirelessly is key to overcoming barriers.
4.What is the best title of the passage
A.Christina Koch:An Explorer of Nature
B.Christina Koch:A Dream Pursuer to Space
C.Christina Koch:A Role Model from Jacksonville
D.Christina Koch:A Distinguished Female Scientist
B(2024山东日照二模)
Disabled astronauts-in-training have completed a zero-gravity flight 25,000ft above Earth to help understand how spacesuits and spaceships can be made more accessible.
The group of 14,who were from five different countries,including Australia,Brazil,Germany,Spain and the US,was made up of scientists,engineers and doctors.They have mobility,vision and hearing difficulties.
The groundbreaking trip,organized by AstroAccess,happened on a Zero-G aircraft in Houston,Texas.It came just weeks after the European Space Agency (ESA) announced that former Paralympian runner,John McFall,would be part of the 2022 ESA Astronaut Class.The mission took off and landed at Ellington Airport,next to the Houston Spaceport and the NASA Johnson Space center — home to the US human spaceflight training.
On climbing to a height of 25,000ft,the vehicle began 18 parabolic manoeuvres (抛物线演习),allowing the crews to test out what was needed to make trips to space more accessible for those with disabilities.
One group tested a set of tactile graphics (触觉图形) to be added to cabin walls that would allow both blind crew members and short-sighted crew members to maintain a sense of direction during emergencies and help them find emergency device in zero gravity if the lights went off.Those working with the Blind and Mobility Crew were able to demonstrate that a disabled person can independently get into a launch seat and safely fasten the five-point seat belt,proving that disabled people can safely join space missions.The hard-of-hearing and blind crews worked with Sony and Sonic Cloud to help improve speech understanding systems on board,using Sonic Cloud’s innovative sound personalization software.
Matt Gohd,CEO of Zero-G Corporation said:“From our time with Steven Hawking to our relationship with AstroAccess,Zero-G believes that the only limits you have are the ones you place on yourself.We are honored to share this amazing experience and the first steps to space with this extraordinary group of individuals.Space should be open to everyone.”
5.What is the idea behind the flight
A.Space travel can be accessible to everyone.
B.Space travel will become a popular industry.
C.Space travel can develop a spirit of adventure.
D.Space travel will be good for universe exploration.
6.What was special about the flight
A.It had a former athlete on board.
B.It was designed for disabled people.
C.It was the first zero-gravity flight ever.
D.It got financial aid from different countries.
7.Why were the tests conducted
A.To make preparations for the flight.
B.To enhance speech understanding systems.
C.To better the skills of the disabled in using launch seats.
D.To evaluate the possibility of space travel for the disabled.
8.What message is conveyed in Matt Gohd’s words
A.Great minds think alike.
B.Unity is strength.
C.Actions speak louder than words.
D.Anything is possible.
C(2025浙江杭州模拟)
After Taylor Swift,the “Mona Lisa” is probably the most recognizable female face in the world.Every day around 20,000 people stare at the Leonardo da Vinci’s painting in the Louvre.Yet it became famous not because of a tempting semi-smile.Until a worker stole the masterpiece in 1911,it was still mostly unknown;viewers flooded in to see what a French newspaper called “an enormous,horrific,gaping void (空白)”.
Classics of art,literature and music are supposed to carry some mysterious appeal that endures across the ages.But as Rochelle Gurstein,a historian,writes in a new book,the “timeless classic” is anything but.“What I believed was written in stone was actually written in water,”she argues.Classics come and go.
Take other celebrated works of art.Until the end of the 19th century Michelangelo’s “David” had only his fig leaf to protect him from the weather in Piazza della Signoria in Florence.He attracted more pigeons than visitors;visitors preferred the artist’s sculpture of Moses in Rome.Before the famous “Venus de Milo” was discovered in 1820,viewers were crazy about “Venus de Medici”,a delicate sculpture most people alive today have never heard of.
Much as in art,the classics of music and literature have not always been set in stone either.Today,Johann Sebastjan Bach is often regarded as the master of classical music.But after his death in 1750,Bach’s compositions fell out of fashion until Felix Mendelssohn,a German composer,rediscovered them in the 1820s.Herman Melville’s masterpiece “Moby Dick” was largely forgotten until critics such as Raymond Weaver,a professor at Columbia University rescued him from the depth of a nobody around the centenary of his birth in 1919.
“The status of classics” depends on critics and shows the power of passionate writers to change the way people look at art.Tastes evolve,and they should.But culture lives on only as long as people continue to argue over what counts as a classic today.The true enemy of the classic is not relativism or awakening.It is silence.
9.What made the painting “Mona Lisa” famous
A.The theft.　　　　B.The semi-smile.
C.The report. D.The painter.
10.What does Rochelle think of classics
A.Enduring. B.Fading.
C.Changeable. D.Admirable.
11.How does the author develop paragraph 4
A.By making a comparison.
B.By offering examples.
C.By giving an explanation.
D.By giving a description.
12.What might ultimately discourage the development of classics
A.The ignorance of culture.
B.The course of time.
C.The evolution of tastes.
D.The lack of criticism.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分)
(2024江苏苏锡常镇二模)
If you are trying to assess a person’s character,make sure you do not rely too heavily on factors that can be misleading.Instead,observe the individual’s ability to tell the truth and to commit.　13　
You can tell a lot about a person’s character by observing how he treats other people.　14　 It may be difficult to determine how he treats different types of people if you only encounter him in a single environment,such as the workplace.It is often possible,however,to get some idea of his manner of interaction with different types of people through conversation with him.
Whether or not a person is honest says a lot about his character.The attitude a person has to honesty can also indicate what type of person he is.　15　 To some degree the types of lies he may tell and his motives for doing so matter.
　16　 The word “commitment” often causes people to instantly think of close relationships.Whether a person can respect the vows (誓约) and agreements is usually an indication of character.
A person’s character is affected by his attitude.　17　 Attitude can affect many aspects of a person’s life,including how hard he works and his ability to be supportive of others.
When you are trying to assess someone’s character,remember that it consists of qualities and habits that form his identity.
A.More importantly,it’s necessary to continue his inner struggle.
B.The level of commitment indicates the type of character he has.
C.There are many other things in life that may require commitment.
D.This includes both people he knows and people he does not know.
E.Also,pay attention to his attitude and try to distinguish how it impacts his life.
F.Observe the person’s conversations and try to determine how often he tells lies.
G.Some people generally have a negative outlook while others may try to be positive even in difficult situations.
参考答案
UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING(一)
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了克里斯蒂娜·科赫提倡追随激情,迎接挑战,并支持他人,她将在2025年的阿尔忒弥斯二号任务中飞得更远,实现自己的雄心壮志。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Raised in Jacksonville,a small town in North Carolina,Christina Koch always knew she wanted to be an astronaut.This dream began as early as kindergarten,during a time when spaceflight was dominated by men.”可知,早期对太空探索的热情最终促使科赫成为一名宇航员。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第二段“Koch found inspiration in pioneers...chase her dreams.”可知,在科赫的人生旅途中,榜样的影响很大。
3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Koch advocates following passions and embracing challenges.‘Do what scares you,’ she advises,‘because those things often lead to the greatest fulfillment and contributions.’”可知,科赫的建议表明,迎接挑战能促进个人成长。
4.B　主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是克里斯蒂娜·科赫提倡追随激情,迎接挑战,并支持他人,她将在2025年的阿尔忒弥斯二号任务中飞得更远,实现自己的雄心壮志。因此本文的最佳标题是“克里斯蒂娜·科赫:太空追梦者”。故选B项。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了14名残疾宇航员在AstroAccess组织的帮助下,完成了一次离地球25,000英尺的零重力飞行训练,这次飞行旨在测试和改进宇航服和宇宙飞船的设计,以便让残疾人更容易进入太空。
5.A　推理判断题。根据第一段“Disabled astronauts-in-training have completed a zero-gravity flight 25,000ft above Earth to help understand how spacesuits and spaceships can be made more accessible.”和最后一段中“Space should be open to everyone.”可知,这次飞行是为了让残疾宇航员也可以进行太空旅行,其背后的理念是每个人都可以进行太空旅行。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第二段“The group of 14...was made up of scientists,engineers and doctors.They have mobility,vision and hearing difficulties.”可知,这次飞行的特殊之处在于它是为残疾人设计的。
7.D　细节理解题。根据第四段“On climbing to a height of 25,000ft...more accessible for those with disabilities.”可知,测试的目的是评估残疾人太空旅行的可能性。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段Matt Gohd所说的话“From our time with Steven Hawking to our relationship with AstroAccess,Zero-G believes that the only limits you have are the ones you place on yourself.We are honored to share this amazing experience and the first steps to space with this extraordinary group of individuals.Space should be open to everyone.”可知,Matt Gohd认为人仅受限于自己施加的限制,只要不对自己设限,任何人都可以进行太空旅行。由此可知,他认为一切皆有可能。故选D项。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了经典作品的形成过程,并举例说明,进而得出结论:经典作品要经过时间和人们的考验,才能最终成为经典。
9.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Yet it became famous not because of a tempting semi-smile.Until a worker stole the masterpiece in 1911,it was still mostly unknown;viewers flooded in to see what a French newspaper called ‘an enormous,horrific,gaping void (空白)’.”可知,让《蒙娜·丽莎》这幅画出名的是一次工人偷窃事件。
10.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But as Rochelle Gurstein,a historian,writes in a new book,the ‘timeless classic’ is anything but.‘What I believed was written in stone was actually written in water’,she argues.Classics come and go.”可知,罗谢尔认为经典作品是多变的。
11.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Today,Johann Sebastjan Bach is often regarded as...around the centenary of his birth in 1919.”可推知,作者是通过举例子来展开第四段的。
12.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘The status of classics’ depends on critics and shows...It is silence.”可知,缺乏批评可能最终阻碍经典的发展。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何评估一个人的性格,给出了具体的方法和建议。
13.E　根据上文可知,此处在讲述应该通过哪些方面去评估一个人的性格,所以E项“Also,pay attention to his attitude and try to distinguish how it impacts his life.”符合此处主题,承接上文,讲述通过他的态度去评估一个人的性格。
14.D　根据上文“You can tell a lot about a person’s character by observing how he treats other people.”可知,D项“This includes both people he knows and people he does not know.”是对前句提及的“别人”的详细补充,符合文意。
15.F　根据上文可知,本段主要讲述了通过观察一个人是否诚实来评估他的性格,所以F项“Observe the person’s conversations and try to determine how often he tells lies.”符合本段主题。
16.B　根据下文可知,本段主要讲述通过观察一个人是否能遵守承诺来评估一个人的性格,所以B项“The level of commitment indicates the type of character he has.”符合本段主题,其中commitment为同词复现。
17.G　根据上文“A person’s character is affected by his attitude.”可知,本段主要讲述一个人对事物的态度会影响他的性格,所以G项“Some people generally have a negative outlook while others may try to be positive even in difficult situations.”是对上文的详细解释,符合文意。故选G项。
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