2025年英语中考语法二轮复习之动词主谓一致
主谓一致：指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致，这种一致常由三种不同原则所支配，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
一、语法一致原则
1、由and或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。（若连接的是不可数名词，谓语动词也用复数形式）
2、用“one,every one,each one,any one,each,either,neither等＋of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
3、不定代词 either,neither,each,the other,another,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,
nothing 等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
4、不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
5.在with、together with、along with、as well as、rather than等下列结构中，谓语动词的形式和后面部分的主语保持一致。
6.由“some(of),plenty of,a lot of,lots of,most(of),therest(of),all(of),half(of),分数或百分数＋of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果of后是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；如果of后是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词用单数形式。
7.a number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
8.none作主语指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；指代可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。
由两部分构成的表示物品的名词，如：trousers,shoes,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
温馨提示：
如果这类词被a pair/two pairs of修饰，谓语动词要和pair的形式保持一致。
10.在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面主语的数一致。
11.在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which用作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
二、意义一致原则
1.主语表示事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如people,police,cattle(家畜），poultry(家禽）等，则谓语动词用复数形式。
主语表示事物的总称，若指无生命的集合体，如clothing fruit equipment traffic jewellery等，则谓语动词用单数形式。
主语为集体名词，如family,team,staff,class,group,government等若表示整体概念，其谓语动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，其谓语动词须用复数形式。
温馨提示
①“the+姓氏复数”作主语时的情况
“the+姓氏名词的复数形式”表示“····“·一家”或。。 . . . . 夫妇”，当它在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
②population 作主语时的情况population
表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，但当后面出现复数名词与其呼应时，谓语动词最好用复数形式。
maths,physics等复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动用单数形式。常见的有：抽象名词
“the+形容词”作主语，若表示一类人，谓语动词用数；若表示一种抽象概念或品质，
谓语动词用单数。
表示时间、长度、价格、质量等的短语作主语时，应将它们作为一个整体看待，即
使其中的名词为复数形式，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。
由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念（即and后面无冠词）时，谓语动
词用单数形式。
“each/every/no+名词＋and+each/every/no+名词”作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
“many a/an+名词单数”或“more than one+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形
式。“more+可数名词复数＋than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
maths,physics等复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动用单数形式。常见的有：抽象名词
“the+形容词”作主语，若表示一类人，谓语动词用数；若表示一种抽象概念或品质，
谓语动词用单数。
表示时间、长度、价格、质量等的短语作主语时，应将它们作为一个整体看待，即
使其中的名词为复数形式，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。
由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念（即and后面无冠词）时，谓语动
词用单数形式。
“each/every/no+名词＋and+each/every/no+名词”作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
“many a/an+名词单数”或“more than one+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形
式。“more+可数名词复数＋than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
三、就近原则
1.由 either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)...或or连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动
词的单复数形式需与并列主语中相“临近”的那一部分保持一致。
there be...和here be...这两个句式中的be常遵循就近一致原则。
综合练习
一、单项选择题
1．The number of the children who ________ the iPads ________ growing all the time.
A．own; are B．owns; is C．own; is D．owns; are
2．Here ________ some good news! Our store has a big sale, come and choose your favourite clothes.
A．are B．is C．have D．has
3．—________ milk do we need to make a shake
—Only three cups of milk ________ enough.
A．How much; are B．How many; is C．How much; is D．How many; are
4．One of my classmates ________ from America. He can't speak Chinese very well.
A．are B．am C．is
5．Forty percent of the students ________ Chinese in the school.
A．am B．is C．are D．was
6． Not only good sleep but also enough exercise ____necessary for students' physical health.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
7． Chinese astronauts like Yang Liwei ____ as heroes. We all look up to them.
A．is seen B．see C．saw D．are seen
8． This pair of shoes ____ big and the shoes there ____ small
A．is ; is B．are; is C．is; are D．are; are
9． — Peter, two hours of TV ____ enough for you. Turn it off, please.
—OK, Mom.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
10． Everyone____here now. Let's____our meeting.
A．are; begin B．are; to begin
C．is; to start D．is; start
11． As we all know, the population of China ____ about 1. 4 billion.
A．are B．has been C．is
12． Having good manners ____ necessary when you visit a foreign country.
A．are B．is C．was
13．— There're more and more foreigners living in China.
— That's true. ____ the delicious food ____ the safe environment is their favorite.
A．Both, and B．Not only, but also
C．Either, or D．Neither, nor
14． Now each of the students____ a computer.
A．has B．have C．is having D．are having
15． —Tomorrow will be Father's Day. What will you do for your father
—I will say "I love you, Daddy" as soon as he ____ up.
A．will wake B．is waking C．wakes D．woke
16． —Excuse me, sir. When can we have a meal in the restaurant
—Not until the workers ____ next month.
A．repairs B．will repair C．repair D．repaired
17． To buy a house in the city ____ hard for people now.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
18．—Neither Lily nor her parents ____ outdoors when the rainstorm came.
—____ lucky they were!
A．were; What B．was; How C．were; How
19．These books ____ well.
A．sells B．are being sold
C．are sold D．sell
20． I think politics ____ very important.
A．is B．are C．have D．has
21． —The red socks ____ 4 dollars, right
—Yes! And that pair of black socks ____ 4 dollars, too.
A．is; are B．are; is C．are; are
22．Look! Some chicken ____ on the table.
A．am B．is C．are D．be
23． Look! A set of keys ____ on the table. Whose is it
A．have B．has C．are D．is
24． —____ your parents get up early every day, Tom
—Yes. And they always make breakfast for me.
A．Do B．Does C．Are
25．____ fish with cormorants ____ a traditional skill.
A．Catching, is B．Catch, are C．Catch, is D．Catching, are
26．Walking in the woods ________ a pleasant form of exercise.
A．be B．is C．are D．am
27．Jack, together with his parents, ______ to attend his brother’s graduation ceremony the other day.
A．were invited B．was invited C．have been invited D．has been invited
28．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since.
A．are remaining B．have remained C．has remained D．is remaining
29．I’m very busy now. Either you or he _________ going to have a meeting instead of me.
A．was B．is C．are D．were
30．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ________ around that level ever since.
A．are remaining B．have remained C．has remained D．is remaining
31．The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last 3 months.
A．has given B．gave C．have given D．give
32．In the last five years, Cao _______ through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016 he reached the top of KIlimanjaro.
A．had reached B．has reached C．reached D．was reached
33．Not only Jim but also Lucy ________ a few cities since they came to China.
A．will visit B．visited C．have visited D．has visited
34．This is the first time that I ______ such a beautiful city.
A．visit B．visited C．have visited D．had visited
35．40 percent of the workers ________ married women; the rest are single.
A．are B．is C．were D．was
36．One third of the country ___ covered with trees and the majority of citizens ___ Han people.
A．is; are B．is; is C．are; are D．are; is
37．To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their head teacher ________ going to the party this evening.
A．was B．are C．is D.were
38．Dr. Li, as well as her parents, ______hard to treat patients and develop medicines over the past two months.
A．are working B．have been working C．has been working D．is working
39．He is the only one of his coworkers who _____ in the company for more than ten years.
A．has worked B．have worked C．were working D．are working
40．The excellent service of the waiters______ highly praised. That’s why the restaurant is always full of customers.
A．were B．are C．was D．is
41．Although the number of the pages in this picture book only 20, a number of children fond of it.
A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are
42．When and where they would hold the meeting ________ not clear.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
43．The students as well as the teacher ________ football every Sunday.
A．plays B．play C．playing D．to play
44．What we should do next ______ a big problem.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
45．________ the teachers in their school is about 200 and ________ them are women teachers.
A．A number of; the number of B．A number of; a number of
C．The number of; a number of D．The number of; the number of
46．A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese painting tomorrow.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
47．Their class ________ much larger than ours and their class ________ fond of dancing and singing.
A．is；are B．are；is C．are；are D．is；is
48．Mother said that Mike could eat two of ten oranges and that the rest _______ left for Tom and Betty.
A．were B．was C．be D．being
二、语法选择
从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
"How many things dad knows about!" said Nelly to 1． mother one day. "He always reads books. I wish I could read those big books, and I learn all about everything!"
"People do not learn everything 2． books, Nelly," her mother replied. "There are many lessons which 3． in nature instead of books."
Nelly did not know what her mother meant, for she 4． that wise people got all their knowledge from books.
"There are many things you may learn in the garden." said her mother. "You have only to keep your eyes open, and the flowers and the trees will all tell you the story of their 5． ."
" 6． you want to know which flowers come out in the early spring, and which ones wait for the warm summer days, you only need to watch for their coming."
"You do not need books 7． you know how the leaves of the apple-blossom fall off, and how lower part of the blossom grows into 8． little green apple. You can see it growing day by day if you care to see."
"Nature's storybook is also a lesson book. You may read many easy and useful lessons there, which will help to remind you of what you should do. Did you ever notice the ants at work 9． busy they are! Each one has his own work to do in making their lives more comfortable."
"I like nature's storybook, mom," said Nelly. "I think it is a 10． book to read from than dad's books."
1．A． she B． her C． hers
2．A． from B． about C． at
3．A． found B． are found C． were found
4．A． thinks B． is thinking C． thought
5．A． A life B． lifes C． lives
6．A． If B． Although C． Because
7．A． tell B． tells C． to tell
8．A． a B． an C． the
9．A． How B． What C． What a
10．A． pleasant B． more pleasant C． most pleasant
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文， 然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中， 选出最佳选项。
Lightning(闪电) flashed through the darkness over Sibson's bedroom window. Sibson was woken up 1． he knew what was happening. The storm had moved directly over his two-floor wooden house. Then he heard the smoke alarm 2． .
Sibson rushed down the stairs to check : he opened the door to the basement(地下室), and it was on fire. Sibson went back upstairs 3． to call 911 from his bedroom.
"The room had a separate outdoor stairway(楼梯), so I felt 4． at first ," he explains. But the phone didn't work, and when he tried to go down the outdoor stairway, he was 5． by the big fire. Now Sibson realized he was in danger.
Sibson's house was three kilometers off the main road and was so well hidden by trees that he knew shouting for help would be 6． .
Up a hill nearby lived Sibson's neighbor, Huggons. He was lying in bed when something like a smoke alarm came into his 7． . He jumped out of bed, took his flashlight and phone, and headed down toward the 8． . Then he saw the rolling heavy smoke.
Huggons called 911, and the operator warned him not to 9． the house. But Huggons said, "There is no way I am going to listen to Sibson 10． in that fire."
"Anyone there " Huggons called out. Then he heard"Help! I'm 11． the house!" coming from the second floor balcony(阳台). He tried to get into the house many times, but soon had to run back to catch his breath 12． the thick smoke.
Several minutes later, the wind blew away the smoke so that it was just enough for him to see Sibson. He noticed a 13． with the help of the flashlight. He took it over to the balcony and 14． Sibson before the house fell off.
Sibson is still 15． when he tells the story. "I almost lost my life that night," he says, "Then I heard the most beautiful sound in my life. It was Huggons."
1．A． before B． while C． since D． until
2．A． get off B． take off C． go off D． put off
3．A． slowly B． immediately C． quietly D． secretly
4．A． terrible B． dangerous C． safe D． excited
5．A． burned B． stopped C． moved D． covered
6．A． helpful B． right C． regretful D． useless
7．A． ears B． mouth C． hands D． nose
8．A． road B． smoke C． noise D． danger
9．A． search B． enter C． leave D． break
10．A． laughing B． singing C． calling D． shouting
11．A． inside B． behind C． near D． beside
12．A． according to B． next to C． because of D． instead of
13．A． house B． sign C． phone D． ladder
14．A． kicked B． saved C． recognized D． passed
5．A． thankful B． surprised C． proud D． relaxed
四、阅读理解
A
Volunteers (志愿者) needed！
Do you want to help out in Henan Library
The library is looking for volunteers to work with the library workers to make sure the readers can enjoy the services the library provides. If you have much time this summer holiday, come and join us! The things you can do ① Clean tables and water flowers. ② Welcome visitors (including foreigners) at the Welcome Desk. ③ Collect books and put them on the right book shelves. ④ Take care of younger kids and read books for them when the parents are away. We will offer you a job according to your interests and skills. What's in it for you ☆ Teens can earn volunteer hours for school requirements. ☆ You can borrow more books at a time in the future with an upgraded (升级的) library card. ☆ Spend a meaningful summer holiday and make friends. ☆ Feel proud of helping others and making our community better. If you are interested, please email the manager Miss Shen at Shenqiu123@, ring the library on 12345678, or visit us directly.
51．Who is the text written for
A．Students. B．Parents. C．Teachers. D．Library workers.
2．Which job may Mary do if she is good at speaking English
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
3．What can you get from this volunteering experience
A．A better library card. B．Money for school things.
C．Free books from the library. D．A chance to work in the library.
4．How many ways are there to take part in this volunteer work
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
5．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To call on people to help in the library. B．To list the reasons for visiting the library.
C．To introduce different books in the library. D．To compare special activities in the library.
B
It's hard to find a person who doesn't like traveling. The human's hopes to explore (探索) new areas drive us to visit new countries and discover new places. It's a pity that it is impossible to explore every corner of the world even if you travel the whole life. So people search travel articles to learn more.
If you want to become a travel writer who helps people to choose a trip, you should know how to create an article about traveling experience. Maybe the following can help you.
Read different resources (资源). Do you want to improve your skills and do great writings Start by exploring how experts do. Start following famous travel writers and discover how they engage readers, which means you should know how to get readers' attention. Also, it will help you to know about the latest news in the traveling.
For sure, anyone can create a blog (博客) about traveling. But the top travel writers don't create articles according to stories of other people. They make every trip by themselves and share their experience in their articles. If you want to become a very successful writer, you should have a large background in traveling. It will help you create original (原创) articles and share your traveling secrets with your readers.
Don't forget about your opinions when you discover how to write a travel article. If you want to copy someone's story, you can rewrite it and collect a few points. But if you're going to become a famous travel writer, you need to create original articles. Feel free to share your opinions and feelings.
Being a travel writer is exciting. You have to travel, explore new areas and share your experience with readers.
6．What is the possible meaning of the underlined words "engage readers" in Paragraph 3
A．Make readers interested. B．Tell readers opinions.
C．Get readers bored. D．Help readers understand.
7．What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph 4 probably refer to
A．Becoming a very successful writer. B．Having a large traveling background.
C．Creating a blog that is about traveling. D．Writing articles based on other stories.
8 ．What would a famous travel writer most probably do according to the text
A．Copy someone's story. B．Rewrite someone's travel articles.
C．Share someone's points. D．Having his or her own opinions.
9．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text (P=Paragraph)
A． B．
C． D．
10.If you want to imprve your writting skills, you should .
A.explore how experts do B.visit new areas
C. Discover more readers D. report the lastest news
C
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的六个选项中选出四个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I run a lot of writing workshops in secondary schools and what I often see is this: teenagers in class just look at the blank page and freeze. Even when I tell them they can't get it wrong in creative writing, they still stop and feel painful, looking to me for clear and definite instructions. This behavior results from their training to mimic(模仿). 　11． 　 In time, they are afraid of getting things wrong and risking failure. Creativity is no longer supported and is even viewed as a soft skill, or even a weakness.
However, creativity is highly valued by employers. According to The Conversation, creativity has been the number-one skill needed by 20 million job ads on Linked for two years in a row. 　12． 　 Because of limited educational resources and assessment(评价) pressures, teenagers' thinking becomes increasingly narrow, leaving them afraid to explore other possibilities.
　13． 　 It's just an ability to make new connections and follow where they go. Actually, creativity requires qualities available to us all: courage, observation, curiosity, flexibility and perseverance.
So how do we help teenagers be hopeful and brave Firstly, we need to avoid the idea that their whole futures depend on this very task or that decision. 14. Life is long enough to try many things, and to change directions. There is no right way to live a life. Secondly, let's encourage raising questions. Children are naturally curious, but this curiosity often fades as they grow older, although it still exists within them. Just because they lack answers doesn't mean they shouldn't ask questions; rather, they should ask even more. 　15． 　
Young people need reminding that their stories haven't been written. They need opportunities to try new things. They need permission to keep asking "what else is possible " because anything is.
A. But in schools, it is different.
B. Being creative isn't a magical skill.
C. It allows us to understand their feelings better.
D. They know it is a safe way to get good grades.
E. The main problem is how to keep those creative juices flowing.
F. The world is held together with unanswered questions and endless possibilities.
五、语法填空
请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For families suffering from the 　1． 　（lose） of their loved ones, grief chatbots（聊天机器人） can now help them still feel connected to the dead and find support in the digital world.
Since 2022, Super Brain, 　2． 　 artificial intelligence（Al） company based in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 　3． 　（create） digital avatars（化身） for more than 600 families.
"Technically, digital immortality（永生） is coming... which will enable everyone to have a virtual（虚拟的） online twin," said Zhang Zewei, co-founder of the Al company.
While creating digital avatars of those who have passed away, Zhang notes that the company has also helped over 100 clients（客户） in 　4． 　（make） their virtual avatars from their digital trails（痕迹） such as emails, photos and social media posts. The prices for the services can be from thousands of yuan to 10,000 yuan.
　5． 　 Zhang's clients are parents missing their only child, a woman wanting to say goodbye to her boyfriend who died in an accident, and a mother wanting to "revive（复活）" her husband to comfort their daughter.
While the idea might seem strange to some, Zhang believes that because of the emotional support the technology offers, those dealing with regret and loneliness following the loss of their loved ones 　6． 　（attract） to the technology.
However, he's still 　7． 　（sure） about how much of a connect ion that technology can offer. "A chatbot has no warmth," he argued, pointing out that these avatars cannot stay up to date with the latest information.
Tech experts and psychologists are also expressing worries. Wang Qiang, a psychologist in Beijing said that these "griefbots" could make people feel like they have a real emotional connect ion with the 　8． 　（die）. But in fact, it could make people feel emotionally and mentally 　9. 　（bad）, making it 　10． 　（challenge） for them to move on.
六、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，按要求完成问题。
As a child，I was a quite active boy. I was running around and getting hurt almost every day. My mom was worried. A neighbor advised me to learn to fish. I liked the idea，but my mom said no. A few years ago，I was kept away from any body of water!
At last，my mom wanted me to read books. Every day，she made me sit on a chair and read for an hour. As a boy，my uncle，a teacher，just put it down and pick another one，" he said.
I started off with The Enormous Crocodile（《巨大的鳄鱼》）. After twenty pages. I was lying on the floor and laughing. This crocodile wants to eat children for a change，so he makes himself lock like a seesaw（跷跷板），I read Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Fantastic Mr. Fox. Both stories were exciting and easy to understand.
As time went on，I started reading longer and more serious books. I was in the middle of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn when my mom said I should spend more time playing outside. But the book was too interesting to put down. To this day，I make time to read every day.
If you haven't yet experienced the fun of reading，take my uncle's advice and find the "Right" books. They'll give you enjoyment，teach you something new, and even change your life.
1．The writer's mother didn't let him learn to fish because he 　 　in a few years ago.
2．At first，the writer's mother let him read books for 　 　 every day.
3．What did the writer think of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory？
4．What does the writer advise us to do in Paragraph 5？
5．What is your hobby？How does it influence you？
七．书面表达。
阅读能够增长我们的知识和见识。每个人都有自己喜欢的读书方式，有的人喜欢买书读，有的人喜欢借书读。你更喜欢哪种方式？校刊英语专栏正以"Buying Books to Read VS Borrowing Books to Read"为主题开展征文活动。请你根据写作要求，结合自身实际，从以下两种阅读方式中任选其一，用英语写一篇短文，陈述你的理由，向专栏投稿。
Buying Books to Read Borrowing Books to Read
Choose whatever we want Save money
Make notes on the books Make us read more
… …
写作要求：
1. 文中必须包含所选读书方式的要点提示，可适当发挥；
2. 文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Some students like buying books to read. Others enjoy borrowing books to read. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一．单项选择题
1-5CBACC 6-10ADCAD 11-15CBBAC 16-20CACDA 21-25BBDAA
26-30BBCBC 31-35ABDCA 36-40ACCAD 41-45BCBAC 46-48AAA
语法选择
1-5BABCC 6-10ACAAB
完形填空
1-5ACDCD 6-10DABBD 11-15ACDBA
阅读理解
1-5ABACA 6-10ABDAA 11-15DABFG
语法填空
loss；2．an；3．has created；4．making；5．Among；6．are attracted；7．unsure；8．dead；9．worse；10．Challenging
六．任务型阅读
1．almost lost his life
2．an hour
3．It was exciting and easy to understand.
4．He advises us to find the "Right" books.
5．My hobby is reading. It not only increased my knowledge，but also changed my life.
七．书面表达
例文
Some students like buying books to read. Others enjoy borrowing books to read. I think it's better to buy books for reading. Here are three reasons why I think buying books can benefit us a lot.
Firstly, it allows us to choose whatever we want to read. Secondly, we can freely make notes on the books we buy. It is helpful for study. We can underline important points or write down our thoughts, making the reading experience unforgettable. Lastly, having our own books means we can reread them whenever we want. This is especially useful for subjects we're studying.
In short, buying books not only satisfies our reading needs, but also gives us a chance to grow up.

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