2024中考英语真题大分类 第二部分
读写综合训练 题型三 还原型阅读 类别三 提高篇
人与自我——生活与学习
子主题1　　家庭生活
Passage 1(2023昆明)
Plastic brings us convenience, and pollution as well. 1.________ It's in our food and drinks, in the clothes we wear and even in the air we breathe.
Some very tiny pieces of plastic are called microplastics(微塑料). The largest microplastics can be directly seen. 2.________ What should we do then
3．________ Any time plastic boxes are heated, microplastics can get into your food. If you can't avoid using plastic boxes, try not to heat food in them.
Use a glass or metal cup instead of a plastic one. Researchers have found that bottled water has more microplastics than tap water. 4.________ So if you like drinking coffee, hot milk or other hot drinks, remember to use a glass or metal cup.
Since plastic is everywhere, researchers suggest that we should be careful with possible microplastics in life. They may be from baby toys, pens, and even phones we use every day. 5.________
A. What's worse, it's everywhere. B. Avoid heating food in plastic boxes. C. We should drink more bottled water. D. Use plastic products widely in our daily life. E. All in all, we should use plastic products properly. F. But many of them are small enough to be around us without being seen. G. Also, the heat of your drinks will encourage microplastics to get into your drinks.
人与自我——做人与做事
子主题2　　做身心健康的人
Passage 2(2023柳州)
Does talking in front of people make you shy If so, you are not alone. Many people in the world suffer from shyness and want to change this situation. 1.________ Here are some tips for you.
Find out the cause of your shyness. Do you become shy in front of new listeners Please try to find out the thoughts that go through your head before the shyness comes out. You're okay being around your family, right Are they different from the strangers around you Of course not. 2.________
Place your attention on others. For most of us, when we think we will feel nervous if we speak up or stand out, we become shy. 3.________ When you stop paying attention to yourself, you stop worrying about your performance(表现)．
4．________ You have got used to hearing your own voice. Record your voice pretending(假装)to have conversations with others. At the beginning you'll feel like an actor, but soon it will become a habit. After doing it for some time, you will be able to voice your opinions bravely.
Stop comparing yourself to others. The more you compare yourself to others, the more you will feel shy because you may think you are not good enough. 5.________ Everyone else must have his own confidence problems too.
A. Listen to your own voice. B. Practise speaking loudly to yourself. C. That's why you should notice others instead. D. Try not to think about your own disadvantages. E. However, it takes time and effort to solve the problem. F. You just know them better and what's more, they know you as well. G. They may never see you again, so why do you care what others think of you
人与社会——人际交往
子主题3　　人际交往中的优秀品质
Passage 3(2023云南省卷)
Do you feel nervous when you talk to your parents Do you easily make them angry Don't worry. 1.________
Find the common interests between you and your parents. For example, if you and your dad both like playing basketball, you can watch one game together and talk about it. 2.________
Try to start a dinnertime talk with your parents. Ask your parents about their day, and they will open up to you easily. Don't forget that you have to open up to them, too. 3.________ Besides, it's also a good idea to share something about the latest movies. Soon all of you will have a good conversation.
4．________ Eye contact (交流) is necessary. Don't be bored, or they will probably stop talking and walk away. 5.________ If you listen patiently, they'll be interested in talking to you. As a result, there will be a warm conversation between you and your parents.
In a word, it's easy to get along well with your parents if you see them as your friends.
A. Let them know you're listening. B. Tell them what happened at school. C. It's important to have a healthy diet. D. Look at your parents when you talk. E. Get some training at a parents' school. F. You can find the conversation will come easily. G. Here is some advice about how to talk to your parents.
Passage 4(2023连云港)
Gifts are a way for people to show love. 1.________ The gift can be anything, your favourite CD, a book, clothes, delicious food and so on. Getting a gift can make you feel the love.A handmade gift is the best way to show your love. And on the day of making a gift, you can share that love with someone you care about.
Make a Gift Day is on December 3. 2.________ The day is coming. If you don't know what to buy, why not make a gift on this day
3．________ There was time, not all that long ago, when a handmade gift was the only kind of gift you could give. In the past, gift givers would spend time making gifts for their friends. Whether it's a simple handmade wallet, a new skirt, or a baby bed for a soon to be baby, everything is handmade with love.
You may wonder how to celebrate Make a Gift Day. It is an easy one! Make handmade gifts on this day! Try your hand at making a gift, no matter what it is. 4.________ DIY some gifts with your friends.
Don't have a DIY skill Start learning from today. You can start making handmade gifts for your family and friends in the New Year. You all have the ability to make gifts for people you care about. 5.________ And write some sentences on it to express your love.
A. I like this nice gift very much. B. For example, you can make a card. C. But do you know about its history D. You can refuse the gift if you don't like it. E. It's fun to get a gift and think about what's in it. F. Also, you can have a gift making party to celebrate it. G. It encourages people to make handmade gifts for their loved ones on this day.
There are so many kinds of gifts you can make and you need to think and create for yourself. People who get your gifts will know how much you love them.
Passage 5(2023毕节)
Do you know how people send messages to each other Scientists say only 35% of our communication is done through spoken language. 1.________ It is natural for us to use our bodies to share our thoughts and feelings.
2．________ For example, smiling may be the easiest body language. People understand its meaning without thinking. 3.________ But the meaning of some body languages change from one culture to another. Most people move their heads up and down to mean “yes” and side to side to mean “no”. You may think that these have the same meanings everywhere. 4.________ In a country, people move their heads side to side to mean “yes”， and up and down to mean “no”.
As we have looked at some examples, there are many kinds of body languages and their meanings may change from one culture to another. 5.________ If we don't understand them, we may make a mistake and send a wrong signal(信号). The best advice is to watch what other people do in their cultures and follow them.
A. Some of the ways of body language are the same all over the world. B. Body language is the most important. C. It is necessary for us to understand them. D. So it is good to smile when we meet people. E. The other 65% is done through “body language”． F. It is not polite to smile at people. G. However, they have the opposite meanings.
人与社会——历史、社会与文化
子主题4　　文化
Passage 6(2023江西)
Silk, the word itself is beautiful. The story of silk started in China over 4，000 years ago. It says a silkworm's cocoon(蚕茧) fell into a woman's teacup. It then opened into a single, unbroken thread(线). 1.________ The Chinese learned they could use the cocoons to make cloth that was both beautiful to look at and soft to touch.
2．________ In other countries, silk was valuable and not often seen. Often it was worth more than gold. It's said that the secret finally got out when a princess left China to go to India. In her hair, she secretly carried many silkworms.
By the year 1 A．D., silk was sold as far west as Rome, and all along the Silk Road. 3.________ Centuries later, in 1522, the Spanish brought silkworms to Mexico.
Nowadays people around the world still make many beautiful things from silk. Silk isn't only beautiful. It seems that it's easy to break. 4.________ For example, it has been used to make bicycle tires(轮胎). And some doctors even use silk threads in the hospital. 5.________ This makes it great for clothes like winter jackets, pants, and shoes.
All of this from a little insect—the silkworm. That is the miracle(神奇) of silk.
A. Actually it's very strong. B. Silk is also light and warm. C. This was an important discovery. D. The woman became famous and popular. E. A princess started the silk trade between China and India. F. Making silk was a protected secret in China for many years. G. Around the year 300, silk also traveled from China to Japan.
人与自然——自然生态
子主题5　　与动植物和谐共生
Passage 7(2023苏州)
Every year, millions of birds are killed or hurt when they fly into buildings. Why does this happen？1.________ Birds are flying into windows and tall buildings that are all covered by glass.
Many birds fly from one place to another. Most of the time, they live in the wild, such as forests and wetlands. 2.________ They might see small trees and flowers inside a window and want to rest on these plants. The birds do not know there is glass between them and the plants. 3.________
Some birds fly at night. They use the moon and stars to help guide them in the right direction. Tall buildings with lights on at night can confuse(迷惑) the birds. 4.________ The birds see the light, but they cannot tell that the light is coming from inside a building. They fly toward the light and crash into a building. On many mornings, there might be several dead birds lying on the ground.
5．________ Many office buildings now turn off their lights at night. This helps reduce the number of birds that fly into buildings and it also helps save energy.
A. The answer is glass. B. People are trying to solve the problem. C. These birds have no idea what glass is. D. As a result, they fly right into the glass. E. In this way, they can avoid crashing into glass. F. People don't know how to deal with the problem. G. This is a big problem, especially on foggy and rainy nights.
人与自然——灾害防护
子主题6　　自然灾害和防范措施
Passage 8(2023陕西)
Every year in the U．S. there are about 500 tornadoes, a natural disaster(灾害；灾难), from Texas through Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and into South Dakota. 1.________．
The “tornado season” is usually in spring, but the people in Tornado Alley are always ready for them and they always listen to the news. When the warnings come, 2.________. They find somewhere safe to stay. At home, the best place is the basement—a room that is used to store things under the level of the ground. If there is no basement，a room without windows like the bathroom is also a safe place.
“3.________ so that we can get ready and won't feel afraid when there's a tornado，” says Tiffany Taylor, a high school student from Texas. “There's no basement at my school, so we usually go to the hallways on the lowest floors. Of course, we never sit near the windows.”
After the tornado, people first check to see if it is safe to go out and then they check the buildings and the area for damage(破坏). 4.________！
In China, we are not so often troubled by tornadoes, but we do have disasters like earthquakes, or an unexpected fire. It is important to know how to keep us safe when a disaster happens. Remember: in order to stay safe in natural disasters, 5.________. For example, we'd better keep disaster plans in mind and practice often.
A. people follow their disaster plans B. And usually there is a lot of damage C. This is because there are a lot of tornadoes D. At school, we often have practice E. people run out of their homes with fear F. we should get well prepared G. That's why this area is called “Tornado Alley”
答案详解详析
人与自我——生活与学习
子主题1　家庭生活
Passage 1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我们平时使用的塑料制品中都有微塑料，这些微塑料会在加热的过程中进入我们的食物，所以我们要学会正确使用塑料制品。
1. A　【解析】根据下句“It's in our food and drinks, in the clothes we wear and even in the air we breathe.”可知，此处想表达塑料在日常生活中很常见，所以A项“更糟糕的是，它无处不在。”符合此处语境。故选A。
2. F　【解析】根据上句“The largest microplastics can be directly seen.”可知，此处想说明大多数微塑料都非常小，表示转折，所以F项“但它们中的许多都很小，可以在我们周围而不被看到。”符合此处语境。故选F。
3. B　【解析】根据下句“Any time plastic boxes are heated, microplastics can get into your food.”可知，此处想表达加热塑料的危害，所以B项“避免在塑料盒中加热食物。”符合此处语境。故选B。
4. G　【解析】根据下句“So if you like drinking coffee, hot milk or other hot drinks, remember to use a glass or metal cup.”可知，此处想说明不要直接带着塑料包装加热饮料的原因，所以G项“此外，你的饮料的热量会促使微塑料进入饮料中。”符合此处语境。故选G。
5. E　【解析】根据上句“They may be from baby toys, pens, and even phones we use every day.”可知，此处想表达塑料无处不在，所以我们要正确使用塑料制品，所以E项“总之，我们应该正确使用塑料制品。”符合此处语境。故选E。
人与自我——做人与做事
子主题2　做身心健康的人
Passage 2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要针对如何克服在人前说话感到害羞的问题给出了四条建议。
1. E　【解析】根据上文“Many people in the world suffer from shyness and want to change this situation.”可知，此处应填和改变这种情况相关的语句。分析备选项可知，E项“然而，解决这个问题需要花费时间和精力。”符合语境。故选E。
2. F 　【解析】根据上文“You're okay being around your family, right Are they different from the strangers around you Of course not.”可知，此处应填和相处的人有关的语句。分析备选项可知，F项“你只是更了解他们，更重要的是，他们也了解你。”符合语境。故选F。
3. C　【解析】根据上文“Place your attention on others.”可知，此处应填和注意别人相关的语句。分析备选项可知，C项“这就是为什么你应该注意别人。”符合语境。故选C。
4. B　【解析】根据下文“Record your voice and pretending(假装) to have conversations with others.”可知，本段是建议录自己的声音并练习和自己对话。分析备选项可知，B项“练习大声对自己说话。”符合语境。故选B。
5. D　【解析】根据上文“The more you compare yourself to others, the more you will feel shy because you may think you are not good enough.”可知，此处应填和自己的缺点相关的语句。结合备选项可知，D项“尽量不要考虑自己的缺点。”符合语境。故选D。
人与社会——人际交往
子主题3　人际交往中的优秀品质
Passage 3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要给出了关于青少年如何与父母交谈的三条建议。
1. G　【解析】根据上文“Do you feel nervous when you talk to your parents Do you easily make them angry Don't worry.”及下文所给出的建议可知，空处应是提出如何与父母交谈的建议。分析备选项可知，G项符合语境。故选G。
2. F　【解析】根据上句“For example, if you and your dad both like playing basketball, you can watch one game together and talk about it.”可知，空处应是描述与父母一起做共同喜欢的事情的结果。分析备选项可知，F项符合语境。故选F。
3. B　【解析】根据上句“Don't forget that you have to open up to them, too.”可知，空处内容应是与向父母敞开心扉相关。分析备选项可知，B项符合语境。故选B。
4. D　【解析】根据下句“Eye contact(交流) is necessary.”可知，空处内容应是与目光交流相关。分析备选项可知，D项符合语境。故选D。
5. A　【解析】根据下句“If you listen patiently, they'll be interested in talking to you.”可知，空处内容应是与倾听相关。分析备选项可知，A项符合语境。故选A。
Passage 4
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了12月3日是礼物制作日，手工制作的礼物是表达爱意的最佳方式，你可以和你关心的人分享你的爱。
1. E　【解析】根据下句“The gift can be anything, your favourite CD, a book, clothes, delicious food and so on.”可知，空处内容应与具体的礼物相关，结合备选项可知，E项“得到一份礼物，想想里面有什么，这很有趣。”符合语境。故选E。
2. G　【解析】根据上句“Make a Gift Day is on December 3.”可知，空处内容应与制作礼物相关，结合备选项可知，G项“它鼓励人们在这一天为他们所爱的人制作手工礼物。”符合语境。故选G。
3. C　【解析】空处位于句首，为本段中心句。根据本段内容可知，主要介绍了制作礼物日的历史，结合备选项可知，C项“但是你知道它的历史吗？”符合语境。故选C。
4. F　【解析】根据上文“You may wonder how to celebrate Make a Gift Day.”可知，空处内容与庆祝方式相关，结合备选项可知，F项“此外，你还可以举办一个礼物制作派对来庆祝它。”符合语境。故选F。
5. B　【解析】根据下句“And write some sentences on it to express your love.”可知，空处内容应与可以在卡片上写字相关，结合备选项可知，B项“例如，你可以制作一张卡片。”符合语境。故选B。
Passage 5
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了身体语言的重要性，并举例说明有些时候同样的身体语言在不同国家代表完全不同的含义。因此为了不出错，我们应观察别人怎么做并效仿他们。
1. E　【解析】根据前文“only 35% of our communication is done through spoken language”可知，35%的交流是通过口头语言。结合备选项可知，E项符合此处语境。故选E。
2. A 　【解析】根据下文“People understand its meaning without thinking.”可知，人们不用思考就知道意思，所以此处是介绍世界上共通的身体语言。结合备选项可知，A项符合此处语境。故选A。
3. D 　【解析】根据上文“People understand its meaning without thinking.”可知，人们不用思考就知道意思，所以遇到别人的时候微笑是可以的。结合备选项可知，D项符合此处语境。故选D。
4. G 　【解析】根据上文“You may think that these have the same meanings everywhere.”可知，或许你认为这些在各个地方都有同样的意思。结合备选项可知，G项符合此处语境。故选G。
5. C 　【解析】根据下文“If we don't understand them, we may make a mistake and send a wrong signal(信号)．”可知，如果我们不理解，就可能会犯错或发出错误的信号。结合备选项可知，C项符合此处语境。故选C。
人与社会——历史、社会与文化
子主题4　文化
Passage 6
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了丝绸的发现、传播以及在实际生活中的使用。
1. C　【解析】根据空前“It then opened into a single, unbroken thread(线)．”可知，空处应是介绍丝绸的发现的历史地位。分析备选项可知，C项符合语境。故选C。
2. F　【解析】根据下文“It's said that the secret finally got out when a princess left China to go to India.”可知，空处应提到的是关于制造丝绸的秘密。分析备选项可知，F项符合语境。故选F。
3. G 　【解析】根据空前“By the year 1 A．D.”及空后“in 1522”可知，本段主要是以时间先后顺序介绍丝绸在世界的传播。分析备选项可知，G项与前文形成递进关系，符合此处语境。故选G。
4. A　【解析】根据空后“For example, it has been used to make bicycle tires(轮胎)．”可知，此处应是介绍丝绸结实的特点。分析备选项可知，A项符合语境。故选A。
5. B　【解析】根据空后“This makes it great for clothes like winter jackets, pants, and shoes.”可知，此处在说丝绸可以起到保暖的效果。分析备选项可知，B项符合语境。故选B。
人与自然——自然生态
子主题5　与动植物和谐共生
Passage 7
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了每年都有很多鸟儿因撞上建筑的玻璃而伤亡，所以建议办公楼晚上关灯以减少此类伤亡和节约能源。
1. A　【解析】根据上句“Why does this happen？”可知，此处是针对鸟类飞进建筑后大量死亡进行回答。分析备选项可知，A项符合语境。故选A。
2. C　【解析】根据上句中的“they live in the wild, such as forests and wetlands”可知，鸟儿不知道玻璃的存在。分析备选项可知，C项符合语境。故选C。
3. D　【解析】根据上句“The birds do not know there is glass between them and the plants.”可知，鸟儿不知道它们和植物之间隔着玻璃，因此导致了它们直接撞到了玻璃上。分析备选项可知，D项符合语境。故选D。
4. G　【解析】根据上句“Tall buildings with lights on at night can confuse(迷惑) the birds.”可知，夜间飞行的鸟儿会被大楼亮着的灯光迷惑，这对鸟儿而言非常危险，是一个不容忽视的大问题。分析备选项可知，G项符合语境。故选G。
5. B　【解析】根据下句中“turn off their lights at night”可知 ，此处主要介绍了为减少鸟类死亡，人们采取的措施。分析备选项可知，B项符合语境。故选B。
人与自然——灾害防护
子主题6　自然灾害和防范措施
Passage 8
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国的一种自然灾害——龙卷风发生的季节、频发的地点以及当地人采取的防范措施。当灾难发生时，知道如何保护自身安全是很重要的。文章告诉我们提前做好防灾演练的重要性。
1. G 　【解析】根据上文“Every year in the U．S. there are about 500 tornadoes, a natural disaster(灾害；灾难), from Texas through Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and into South Dakota.” 可知，此处应该是与龙卷风相关的语句，结合备选项内容可知，G项符合语境。故选G。
2. A 　【解析】根据上文“When the warnings come”以及下文“They find somewhere safe to stay.”可知，此处应该是与在龙卷风来临之际人们所做准备相关的语句，结合备选项内容可知，A项符合语境。故选A。
3. D 　【解析】 根据下文“‘so that we can get ready and won't feel afraid when there's a tornado，’ says Tiffany Taylor, a high school student from Texas”可知，此处应该是和学校相关的语句，结合备选项内容可知，D项符合语境。故选D。
4. B 　【解析】根据上文“After the tornado, people first check to see if it is safe to go out and then they check the buildings and the area for damage(破坏)．”可知，此处应该是和龙卷风造成的破坏相关的语句，结合备选项内容可知，B项符合语境。故选B。
5. F　【解析】根据下文“For example, we'd better keep disaster plans in mind and practice often.”可知，此处应该是与应对灾难相关的语句，结合备选项内容可知，F项符合语境。故选F。

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