2026人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.There are many (proof) that this place is rich in mineral resources.
2.I entirely believe that you are not linked what happened just now.
3.(易错题)That girl did the right thing, so we shouldn't blame the accident her.
4.The region was (severe) affected by the typhoon, with houses damaged and trees uprooted.
5.(2023浙江1月)Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols another.
6.Students are required to (pure) the chemical substances according to the standard procedures to ensure the accuracy of the experimental results.
7.(2021天津3月)After several (frustrate) hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary(纪录片) series The Last Dance.
8.I was overcome with sadness because I (suspect) of cheating in the exam.
9.This switch (decrease) pollution in the country's major lakes and reservoirs so far.
10.He made so many mistakes he failed the exam once again.
Ⅱ.一词多义
A.vt.处理 B.vt.操纵 C.n.把手 D.vt.(用手)触,碰,拿 E.vt.经营,管理
1.I turned the handle and found the door was open.
2.He knows how to handle the complicated machine.
3.He handles a small grocery store, selling fresh produce and daily necessities.
4.(2022全国甲)The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.
5.(2022浙江1月)As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle alone, though.
Ⅲ.选词填空(其中有一项多余)
once and for all;subscribe to;in general;thanks to
Yuan Longping, known as the father of hybrid rice, has made enormous contributions to global food safety. Many experts in agriculture at home and abroad 1. his research and solve the problem of the food shortage.
2. Yuan's intense efforts, our country has been far away from hunger 3. .
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.She is so kind a teacher that we all respect her and listen to her carefully.(句型转换)
→She is respect her and listen to her carefully.(such...that...)
2.将下面句子中画线的部分分别进行强调
Tom did the experiment in the lab yesterday afternoon.
①强调主语:
②强调宾语:
③强调地点状语:
④强调时间状语:
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Cholera, as 1 type of deadly disease of its day, threatened ordinary people. John Snow was 2 (determine) to solve this problem. He knew that only if he found its cause would it be controlled.
There were two theories that 3 (possible) explained how people got infected. John Snow 4 (subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
In 1854, an outbreak of cholera hit London. Snow decided to have an 5 (investigate). He marked the places on a map, 6 gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. He found many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street. Some households had no deaths 7 these people drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 8 (blame). He did further research and concluded that polluted water led 9 the disease. Finally “King Cholera” 10 (defeat).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025河南豫北名校联考)
Africa is a continent that everyone knows about, but not many fully understand. “If you haven't been there 1 (your), you would never truly know what it's like,” said 29-year-old Huang Siyuan.
From 2019 to 2022, Huang worked as a security 2 (engine) at a sewage(污水) treatment plant in the Republic of Equatorial Guinea. The plant 3 Huang worked for is in the capital, Malabo.
“I heard that locals used to throw their waste right in front of their doorsteps. Since mosquitoes breed(繁殖) there, the incidence of malaria was 4 (extreme) high,” Huang said. With the sewage treatment plant, not only had the city's appearance been transformed, 5 the health condition of the local people also improved.
A survey done by the WHO showed that after the plant 6 (put) into use, the incidence of malaria dropped from 45% to 11%. Even if someone is infected with malaria, it's not a significant issue because of the availability of artemisinin, a drug 7 (discover) by the Chinese scientist Tu Youyou.
8 (keep) everything on track, Huang and his colleagues conducted routine checks on sewage wells around the city. Sometimes they would run into local residents who would thank them for 9 (improve) the local living environment. Some would even offer food and fruits, but they wouldn't accept. “We regard their gratitude 10 the most precious reward,” he said.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024四川成都天府新区师大一中月考)
How intelligent can a computer be Maybe you can get the answer after reading the following passage about a newly-developed US computer program called SmarterChild and the Internet.
If you run into SmarterChild online, you will be surprised at this kid's huge memory and thinking. He can recite many facts. For example, SmarterChild knows every baseball player in every team this season.
He knows every word in the dictionary and the weather in every major city area across the US. However, if you ask SmarterChild other questions, you will get strange answers. A question about SmarterChild's age is answered with “One year, 11 days, 16 hours, 7 minutes, and 47 seconds!” Asked where he lives, he says, “In a clean room in a high-tech building in California.”
SmarterChild uses the huge information on the World Wide Web as his memory bank. To answer questions about spelling, for instance, SmarterChild goes to the American Heritage Dictionary online. For the weather, he visits www..
Some scientists believe that by joining the many systems of the Internet, an artificial being with the combined knowledge of, say, Albert Einstein, Richard Nixon and Britney Spears could be born. However, there are still faults of him. If SmarterChild wants to think and learn on his own like the robot boy David in the movie A.I. Artificial Intelligence, he must solve two problems.
The first is that computers find it difficult to read web pages because the files are sorted in different ways. That's why programmers need to tell SmarterChild where to look for the weather. It would be a much more difficult task to let him find it himself.
Furthermore, another problem is that while SmarterChild can deal with information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks common sense—a basic knowledge that is obvious to any young child.
1.Which of the following can SmarterChild do
A.Write words. B.Create facts.
C.Call players' names. D.Answer personal questions.
2.What do we know about www.
A.It is designed to help SmarterChild.
B.It is about artificial intelligence.
C.It helps people find SmarterChild.
D.It can forecast the weather.
3.Which of the following is the most difficult for SmarterChild
A.Distinguishing right behaviors from wrong ones. B.Telling how the American government is run.
C.Providing a famous poem by Shakespeare.
D.Dealing with information accurately.
4.What's the best title for the text
A.Where is artificial intelligence leading us
B.Can SmarterChild have critical thinking
C.How intelligent can SmarterChild be
D.Does SmarterChild have combined knowledge
B
(2025河北沧州月考)
133 students between the ages of 14 and 18 took part in an experiment run by researchers from the University of Oxford. Unlike most countries worldwide, in the UK 16-year-old students can decide to stop their math education. This situation allowed the team to study whether this specific lack of math education in students coming from a similar environment could impact brain development.
The study found that students who didn't study math had a lower amount of gamma-aminobutyric acid(γ-氨基丁酸), an important chemical for brain plasticity(可塑性), in a key brain region that impacts memory, learning, reasoning, and more. Furthermore, the quantity of this brain chemical successfully predicted changes in math performance around 19 months later. Notably, the researchers did not find differences in the brain chemical before the teens stopped studying math.
Psychologist(心理学家) Raquel Bild-Libbin, explains that the chemical the study is analyzing will help teens in their future in ways we haven't even fully understood yet. “The role of brain plasticity has made incredible achievements in the area of research. It is being applied in many areas of interest such as mindfulness, anxiety, anger control, and now in education. We never imagined the brain structures could be changed in any way,” she says.
In addition, the chemical will help teens “develop better interpersonal relationships(人际关系), learn to control emotions and to be able to achieve higher educational goals that lead to better job opportunities and increase socioeconomic levels”. The study's analysis corroborates this, suggesting that math education is linked to “educational progress, employment, mental and physical health, and financial success”.
Karen Aronian, a college professor, says she can't think of a single career that doesn't use math and reasoning in some way. As she mentions, math is excellent for the brain, has real-world applications, and improves problem-solving skills. She also calls it a “super shame” when high schools start lowering the math requirements in later teenage years.
5.What enabled the researchers to conduct the study according to the text
A.The students' slow brain development.
B.The students' different cultural backgrounds.
C.The students' desire to develop learning capabilities.
D.The students' decision to discontinue math education.
6.What is the finding of the study
A.Lack of math education may harm teen brain development.
B.Memory and reasoning skills can predict math performance.
C.Anxiety and anger have damaging effects on brain plasticity.
D.The amount of gamma-aminobutyric acid in brain varies with age.
7.What does the underlined word “corroborates” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Doubts. B.Ignores. C.Supports. D.Confuses.
8.What does Karen Aronian think of high schools' dropping math requirements
A.It is a way to relieve students' anxiety.
B.It makes no difference to financial success.
C.It is beneficial for students' physical health.
D.It creates a challenge to career development.
答案与分层梯度式解析
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.proofs 考查名词复数。空格前有many,此处表示复数,应用名词复数。故填proofs。
类比启发
以字母f结尾,变复数时直接加-s的词:gulf海湾;roof屋顶,车顶;chief首领;serf农奴;belief信仰;cliff(常指海洋边的)悬崖,峭壁;brief任务简介,案情摘要。
2.to/with 考查介词。be linked to/with...意为“与……有关联”。故填to或with。
3.on 考查介词。blame sth. on sb./sth.意为“把某事归咎于某人/某物”,故用介词on。
易错归因
本题容易错填for,注意blame sb./sth. for sth.“把某事归咎于某人/某物”与上面提到的blame sth. on sb./sth.的区别,for后接的是所说的事情,on后接的是要责怪的人或物。
4.severely 考查副词。句意:这个地区受到台风的严重影响,房屋受损,树木被连根拔起。设空处作状语修饰谓语动词,应用副词。故填severely。
5.into 考查介词。句意:它的程序明确规定了一组规则来将一串符号转换成另一串符号。transform...into...意为“把……转换成……”。故填 into。
6.purify 考查动词。句意:学生们需要按照标准程序净化化学物质,以确保实验结果的准确性。be required to do sth.表示“被要求做某事”,所以设空处应用动词原形。故填purify。
7.frustrating 考查形容词。句意:经过几个小时令人沮丧的尝试却都未能修好之后,我丈夫建议看迈克尔·乔丹的系列纪录片《最后之舞》。设空处修饰其后的名词hours,应用以-ing结尾的形容词。故填frustrating。
8.was suspected 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由语境和was可知,此处应用一般过去时;suspect sb. of doing sth.意为“怀疑某人做某事”,结合语境可知,这里是其被动语态,表示“我被怀疑”;主语为I。故填was suspected。
9.has decreased 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处作谓语,根据语境和时间状语so far可知应用现在完成时;主语是单数,谓语也应用单数。故填has decreased。
10.that 考查结果状语从句。句意:他出了那么多错,以至于考试又一次不及格。设空处后面的“he failed the exam once again”是“made so many mistakes”造成的结果,这里表示“如此……以至于……”,应用so...that...引导结果状语从句。故填that。
Ⅱ.1.C 句意:我转动把手,发现门是开着的。
2.B 句意:他知道如何操纵这台复杂的机器。
3.E 句意:他经营一家小食品杂货店,售卖新鲜农产品和日用品。
4.D 句意:你拿筷子的方式对于避免惹恼你的同伴很重要。
5.A 句意:随着秋天的到来,她变得焦躁不安——那种熟悉的旅行癖又回来了。不过,这是一个她必须独自处理的召唤。
Ⅲ.1.subscribe to 2.Thanks to 3.once and for all
Ⅳ.1.such a kind teacher that we all
2.①It was Tom who did the experiment in the lab yesterday afternoon.
②It was the experiment that Tom did in the lab yesterday afternoon.
③It was in the lab that Tom did the experiment yesterday afternoon.
④It was yesterday afternoon that Tom did the experiment in the lab.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.a 考查冠词。此处指霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人的生命。这里表示“一种致命的疾病”,应用不定冠词表泛指,且type的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。
2.determined 考查形容词。be determined to do...意为“下定决心做……”,故填determined。
3.possibly 考查副词。设空处作状语修饰动词explained,应填副词possibly,意为“可能地”。
4.subscribed 考查动词的时态。所述的事情发生在过去,所以此处应用一般过去时。故填subscribed。
5.investigation 考查名词。设空处作have的宾语且由设空处前的不定冠词an可知应用名词investigation。
6.which 考查定语从句的引导词。设空处前面是一个完整的句子且有逗号与后面隔开,设空处后面为谓语动词gave,由此推断设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,修饰前面整个主句,故填which。
7.because 考查连词。此处指一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒,前后之间是因果关系,后面表示原因。故填because。
8.to blame 考查固定搭配。sth. be to blame意为“某物负有责任”,故填to blame。
9.to 考查介词。lead to意为“导致”,为固定搭配。故填to。
10.was defeated 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处叙述过去发生的事,用一般过去时;提示词defeat与“King Cholera”之间为被动关系,用被动语态;且主语为“King Cholera”,由此可知谓语用单数。故填was defeated。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国工程师黄思远在赤道几内亚共和国的一个污水处理厂工作的经历。
【高频词汇】 1.security n.保护措施;安全工作
2.significant adj.有重大意义的;显著的 3.issue n.重要议题;争论的问题 4.availability n.可用;可得到
5.colleague n.同事 6.run into偶然遇到,碰到
7.resident n.居民 8.gratitude n.感激之情;感谢
9.precious adj.宝贵的;珍稀的
【熟词生义】 local 熟义:adj.本地的,当地的 生义:n.当地人,本地人
1.yourself 考查代词。设空处与主语指同一个人,表示“你自己;亲自”,应该用your的反身代词。故填yourself。
2.engineer 考查名词。设空处作宾语,表示“工程师”。故填engineer。
3.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语,修饰指物的先行词plant。故填that或which。
4.extremely 考查副词。设空处作状语修饰系表结构,应用副词。故填extremely。
5.but 考查连词。not only... but (also)...为固定搭配,意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。
6.was put 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处在时间状语从句中作谓语,根据主句的时态和此处语境可知,此处描述过去的事,应用一般过去时;提示词put与主语the plant(单数)之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填was put。
7.discovered 考查动词-ed形式。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语修饰名词drug,两者之间是被动关系,应用动词-ed形式。故填discovered。
8.To keep 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知,设空处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To keep。
9.improving 考查动词-ing形式。thank sb. for doing sth.为固定短语,意为“感谢某人做某事”;设空处作介词for的宾语,应用动词-ing形式。故填improving。
10.as 考查介词。regard...as...为固定短语,意为“把……看作……”。故填as。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了美国新开发的电脑程序SmarterChild以及它的功能和限制等。
【高频词汇】 1.intelligent adj.智能的;有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的 2.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修 3.combined adj.联合的;加在一起的 4.deal with处理;解决 5.lack v.& n.缺乏;短缺;没有
【熟词生义】 say熟义:v.说 生义:v.比方说
1.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,SmarterChild可以回答年龄、家庭住址这类个人问题。故选D。
易错归因
本题中的A、B、C项均容易误选,属于事实细节混淆。由第四段第二句“To answer questions about spelling, for instance, SmarterChild goes to the American Heritage Dictionary online.”可知,要回答关于拼写单词的问题,SmarterChild就去查阅在线词典,此处是“回答”问题而不是“写”单词,所以A项“写单词”不符合题意;由第二段第二句“He can recite many facts.”可知,SmarterChild能够详述许多事实,此处是“详述”而不是“创造”,所以B项的“创造事实”不符合题意;由第二段最后一句“For example, SmarterChild knows every baseball player in every team this season.”可知,SmarterChild认识本赛季每支球队的每一位棒球运动员,而不是会“叫运动员的名字”,所以C项与题意不符。故排除A、B、C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“For the weather, he visits www..”可知,要想查询天气信息,SmarterChild可以访问www.。由此推知,www.是一个预报天气的网站。故选D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he lacks common sense—a basic knowledge that is obvious to any young child”可知,SmarterChild缺乏对任何小孩子来说都显而易见的常识。结合选项可推知,辨别是非行为的能力是小孩子具备的,但对缺乏这种能力的SmarterChild来说,辨别是非行为却是比较困难的。故选A。
学科思维
在正确选项不太容易选出时,可以依据生活经验来排除部分干扰项,这种做题方式称为排除法。本题中的B项“讲述美国政府的运作方式”是关于政治方面的内容,C项“提供莎士比亚写的一首著名诗歌”是关于文学方面的内容,由文中给出的SmarterChild可以利用网络的信息可知,它可以做到这两项内容,故排除;D项为“准确处理信息”,根据文章最后一段中的“SmarterChild can deal with information more exactly”可知,SmarterChild能够准确处理信息,故排除。而A项提到的“辨别是非行为”受到感性因素的影响,无生命的SmarterChild显然是不具备这项能力的,当然是比较难做到的。
4.C 主旨大意题。本篇文章是“总—分”结构:
根据文章结构可知,第一段提出问题:计算机能有多智能 接下来的第二、三、四、六、七段分析了SmarterChild的优缺点,所以“SmarterChild能有多智能 ”是本文的最佳题目。故选C。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现,学生缺乏数学教育可能会影响大脑发育。
【高频词汇】 1.specific adj.特定的;明确的;具体的 2.impact v.影响 3.predict vt.预测;预言;预料
4.performance n.表现;表演;演技 5.incredible adj.极大的;极好的;难以置信的 6.application n.运用;应用程序;申请(表)
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“This situation allowed the team to study whether this specific lack of math education in students coming from a similar environment could impact brain development.”并结合上文提到的英国16岁的学生可以决定停止数学教育可知,这使得研究小组能够研究来自类似环境的学生缺乏数学教育是否会影响大脑发育。故选D。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知,影响大脑可塑性的重要化学物质——γ-氨基丁酸在不学数学的学生的大脑中的关键区域中含量较低;根据本段最后一句可知,研究人员在这些青少年停止学数学之前,并没有发现这种大脑化学物质的差异。由此可推断,研究发现的是缺乏数学教育可能会损害青少年的大脑发育。故选A。
7.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知,这种化学物质在青少年发展人际关系、控制情绪、实现更高的教育目标等方面都有很大的好处;根据画线词后面的“suggesting that math education is linked to...”可知,这表明数学教育与“教育进步、就业、身心健康和经济上的成功”有联系。所以该研究分析肯定数学教育的作用,那么就是支持上文的说法,故画线词与C项意思相近。故选C。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“she can't think of a single career that doesn't use math and reasoning in some way”和“She also calls it a ‘super shame’ when high schools start lowering the math requirements in later teenage years.”可知,在Karen Aronian看来,几乎每一份职业在某种程度上都要用到数学和推理。她认为高中降低数学要求是一件“超级耻辱的事情”。由此可推断,Karen Aronian认为高中降低数学要求可能对职业发展造成挑战。故选D。
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