2026年高考英语一轮复习 词汇(含答案解析)


高考英语一轮复习 词汇
一.选择题(共20小题)
1.(2025春 西青区期末) The library is open seven days a week.________ ,it offers late hours on Tuesdays and Thursdays.(  )
A.In addition B.In brief
C.In conclusion D.In advance
2.(2025春 西青区期末) Before a beach visit,________a sand brush to your beach bag to clean off before getting in the car.(  )
A.replace B.attach C.store D.dry
3.(2025春 西青区期末) After a tough day at work,John played loud music to________ and have fun.(  )
A.let off steam B.throw away trash
C.pick up speed D.look into matter
4.(2025春 红桥区校级期末)﹣Could you do me a favor and take these books to my office?
﹣Yes, _____.(  )
A.for pleasure B.I could
C.with pleasure D.my pleasure
5.(2025 宝坻区模拟) his lack of formal training,the self﹣taught programmer developed an award﹣winning app.(  )
A.By means of B.On account of
C.In terms of D.In spite of
6.(2025 宝坻区模拟)The historic library,which countless rare manuscripts,was severely damaged in the flood last month.(  )
A.observes B.sustains C.preserves D.reserves
7.(2025 宝坻区模拟) The sudden of the CEO left the board of directors scrambling to find a replacement.(  )
A.resignation B.reputation
C.resolution D.restriction
8.(2025 宝坻区模拟)After months of research,the team finally a revolutionary method to recycle plastic waste.(  )
A.put up with B.came up with
C.kept up with D.looked forward to
9.(2025 宝坻区模拟)The documentary provides a(n) analysis of climate change,backed by decades of scientific data.(  )
A.superficial B.comprehensive
C.arbitrary D.conservative
10.(2025 黄石模拟)﹣ Do you often come here to have a walk?
﹣ No, only_________, because we are much too busy.(  )
A.occasionally B.eventually
C.merely D.frequently
11.(2025 黄石模拟)The police recognized the criminal from his typical facial________﹣a scar on the forehead.(  )
A.expression B.feature
C.outline D.gesture
12.(2025 河西区校级模拟)He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it.He also asked for unwanted bikes,which he would repair again .(  )
A.by accident B.in advance
C.for free D.on credit
13.(2025 黄石模拟)The maple trees turn a brilliant red in autumn, adding another_________ to the colors in the harvest season.(  )
A.theme B.version C.category D.dimension
14.(2025 滨海新区校级四模)After the earthquake,the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.(  )
A.accommodation B.occupation
C.equipment D.furniture
15.(2025 滨海新区校级四模)If you don't know what you want,you might ________ getting something you don't want.(  )
A.end up B.break up C.turn up D.pick up
16.(2025 河西区校级模拟)We are determined that our training should______the current development in education.(  )
A.keep pace with B.take possession of
C.make room for D.give birth to
17.(2025 河西区校级模拟)After his ______ adventure,Mac felt relieved when he reached home safe and sound.(  )
A.visual B.identical
C.motivated D.terrifying
18.(2025 河西区校级模拟)Since Tom downloaded a virus into his computer,he can't open the file now.(  )
A.initially B.exceptionally
C.accidentally D.immediately
19.(2025 河西区校级模拟)My English teacher great importance to good pronunciation,which is of benefit to remembering words in the long run.(  )
A.extends B.applies C.attaches D.whispers
20.(2025 红桥区一模) It is typical of Jane to buy lots of useless things online and thus,she wants to seek ways to remove her to it.(  )
A.addiction B.recreation
C.tension D.function
高考英语一轮复习 词汇
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共20小题)
1.(2025春 西青区期末) The library is open seven days a week.________ ,it offers late hours on Tuesdays and Thursdays.(  )
A.In addition B.In brief
C.In conclusion D.In advance
【答案】A
【分析】图书馆每周七天开放。另外,它在周二和周四提供深夜服务。
【解答】A.In addition另外;B.In brief简述;C.In conclusion结语;D.In advance提前。根据句意和句子结构,可知后句是进一步的解释,所以用固定短语in addition。
故选:A。
【点评】固定短语是英语学习里特别应该注意的一环,除了区分同一个动词或者介词延伸出来的短语,还需要注意表达同一个含义的不同的短语,以及同一个短语的不同的用法。
2.(2025春 西青区期末) Before a beach visit,________a sand brush to your beach bag to clean off before getting in the car.(  )
A.replace B.attach C.store D.dry
【答案】B
【分析】在海滩游玩之前,把一把沙刷系在你的沙滩包上,以便在上车前清理掉身上的沙子。
【解答】A.replace取代,代替,更换;B.attach系,贴,附上;C.store储存,贮藏;D.dry(使)变干,弄干。根据下文的目的状语to clean off before getting in the car.可知应用attach a sand brush to your beach bag,表示为了在上车前清理掉身上的沙子,在海滩游玩之前,把一把沙刷系在你的沙滩包上。
故选:B。
【点评】考查动词,弄清楚各个动词的含义并区别,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
3.(2025春 西青区期末) After a tough day at work,John played loud music to________ and have fun.(  )
A.let off steam B.throw away trash
C.pick up speed D.look into matter
【答案】A
【分析】辛苦工作了一天后,约翰大声放音乐来缓解压力,放松一下。
【解答】A.let off steam缓解压力;B.throw away trash扔掉垃圾;C.pick up speed开始加速;D.look into matter调查事情。根据语境及常识可知,打开音乐是为了缓解一天工作的压力。
故选:A。
【点评】学生需正确理解句意,根据关键词句判断空处表达的含义。掌握备选短语的中文意思是解答本题的关键。
4.(2025春 红桥区校级期末)﹣Could you do me a favor and take these books to my office?
﹣Yes, _____.(  )
A.for pleasure B.I could
C.with pleasure D.my pleasure
【答案】C
【分析】﹣﹣你能帮个忙把这些书送到我办公室吗? ﹣﹣当然可以!
【解答】答案:C 根据语境,Could you do me a favor 是表达委婉的请求,答语不可以回答I could,排除B项.with pleasure非常乐意; 愿意效劳,是回答对方的请求的用语.my pleasure别客气;不用谢;是我的荣幸,是对方向你表示感谢时的答语.for pleasure为了娱乐;作为消遣.
故选:C.
【点评】本题考查交际用语.仔细审题确定其考查的功能项目,综合语境和话题的分析以确定正确的答语,同时注意礼貌性原则.
5.(2025 宝坻区模拟) his lack of formal training,the self﹣taught programmer developed an award﹣winning app.(  )
A.By means of B.On account of
C.In terms of D.In spite of
【答案】D
【分析】尽管缺乏正规培训,这位自学成才的程序员还是开发了一款屡获殊荣的应用程序。
【解答】A.By means of通过;借助于;B.On account of 由于;C.In terms of就……而言;在……方面;D.In spite of尽管;虽然。根据"the self﹣taught programmer developed an award﹣winning app."可知,前后是让步关系,即尽管缺乏正规训练,还是取得了成果。
故选:D。
【点评】介词短语是介词和其它代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语。口语上简称"介短"。该短语主要是用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系。该考点主要涉及介词短语的定义、构成和用法,一直是高考的热点之一。
6.(2025 宝坻区模拟)The historic library,which countless rare manuscripts,was severely damaged in the flood last month.(  )
A.observes B.sustains C.preserves D.reserves
【答案】C
【分析】这座保存着无数珍贵手稿的历史图书馆在上个月的洪水中遭到严重破坏。
【解答】A.observes观察;B.sustains维持;C.preserves保存,保护;D.reserves预定,保留。根据句意可知,此处为动词preserves"保存,保护",满足句意要求。
故选:C。
【点评】动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。该考点主要涉及形近或义近的动词,在词义、用法、搭配等方面进行比较和辨析,如被动形式中英汉表达的不同,同义、反义、近义词的辨析以及区分不同动词构成动词词组的不同含义等。
7.(2025 宝坻区模拟) The sudden of the CEO left the board of directors scrambling to find a replacement.(  )
A.resignation B.reputation
C.resolution D.restriction
【答案】A
【分析】CEO的突然辞职让董事会手忙脚乱地寻找替代人选。
【解答】A.resignation辞职;B.reputation声誉;C.resolution决心;D.restriction限制。根据句意和后文left the board of directors scrambling to find a replacement可知,此处指CEO的辞职让董事会手忙脚乱。
故选:A。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的含义并区别各个名词之间的差异,了解某些名词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
8.(2025 宝坻区模拟)After months of research,the team finally a revolutionary method to recycle plastic waste.(  )
A.put up with B.came up with
C.kept up with D.looked forward to
【答案】B
【分析】经过几个月的研究,该团队终于想出了一种回收塑料垃圾的革命性方法。
【解答】A.put up with忍受;B.came up with想出,提出;C.kept up with跟上,保持同步;D.looked forward to期待。根据句意可知,此处为动词短语came up with"想出,提出",满足句意要求。
故选:B。
【点评】动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心),表达一个概念,其作用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。在实际使用中,通常会把动词短语当成一个整体。
9.(2025 宝坻区模拟)The documentary provides a(n) analysis of climate change,backed by decades of scientific data.(  )
A.superficial B.comprehensive
C.arbitrary D.conservative
【答案】B
【分析】这部纪录片对气候变化进行了全面的分析,并以数十年的科学数据为支撑。
【解答】A.superficial表面的;B.comprehensive全面的;C.arbitrary武断的;D.conservative保守的。由句意和analysis of climate change可知,这里指这部纪录片对气候变化进行了"全面的"分析。
故选:B。
【点评】该考点主要涉及形近或义近的形容词,在词义、用法、搭配等方面进行比较和辨析。主要考查考生对词汇的掌握程度和语境理解能力。
10.(2025 黄石模拟)﹣ Do you often come here to have a walk?
﹣ No, only_________, because we are much too busy.(  )
A.occasionally B.eventually
C.merely D.frequently
【答案】A
【分析】﹣﹣你经常来这里散步吗?﹣﹣不,只是偶尔,因为我们太忙了.
【解答】本题考查副词辨析.occasionally偶尔;eventually最终;merely仅仅;frequently经常地.根据句意和 because we are much too busy可知我们只是偶尔散步.
故选:A.
【点评】本题考查副词词义辨析.副词词义辨析题一直都是高考考查的一个热点,它注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语和正确时态语态的能力和.由于英语词汇丰富,且用法多变,考生掌握起来有较大难度,因此在平时应注意词汇的积累,理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配,再联系句子所表述的意义和语境,选出正确的答案.
11.(2025 黄石模拟)The police recognized the criminal from his typical facial________﹣a scar on the forehead.(  )
A.expression B.feature
C.outline D.gesture
【答案】B
【分析】警察认出罪犯从他典型的面部特征在额头的疤痕.
【解答】考查名词词义辨析.句意:警察认出罪犯从他典型的面部特征在额头的疤痕.expression表达;feature特征;outline轮廓;gesture姿势,手势.
故选:B.
【点评】本题考查名词的词义辨析.名词词义辨析题一直都是高考考查的一个热点,它注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力.由于英语词汇丰富,且用法多变,考生掌握起来有较大难度,因此在平时应注意词汇的积累,理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配,再联系句子所表述的意义和语境,选出正确的答案.
12.(2025 河西区校级模拟)He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it.He also asked for unwanted bikes,which he would repair again .(  )
A.by accident B.in advance
C.for free D.on credit
【答案】C
【分析】他主动提出为任何需要的人免费修理自行车。他还请求人们提供不需要的自行车,他会再次免费修理。
【解答】A.by accident偶然;B.in advance提前;C.for free免费;D.on credit赊账。上文提到他主动提出为有需要的人免费修自行车,根据空前的repair again及语境可知,此处指他会再次免费修废弃的自行车。
故选:C。
【点评】做此类题,要掌握各个选项短语的意思,根据语境确定正确答案。
13.(2025 黄石模拟)The maple trees turn a brilliant red in autumn, adding another_________ to the colors in the harvest season.(  )
A.theme B.version C.category D.dimension
【答案】D
【分析】枫树在秋天变成鲜艳的红色,为收获季节的色彩增添了另外一个维度.
【解答】答案:D.考查名词词义辨析.theme意为主题;version意为版本;category意为种类,范畴;dimension意为维度,方面,特征.根据句意:枫树在秋天变成鲜艳的红色,为收获季节的色彩增添了另外一个维度,可知dimension符合句意.故选:D.
【点评】同义、近义词、短语、句型的积累是做好此类题目的前提和关键,在平常的学习中,要注意此类知识的日积月累.
14.(2025 滨海新区校级四模)After the earthquake,the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.(  )
A.accommodation B.occupation
C.equipment D.furniture
【答案】A
【分析】地震以后,当地政府做的第一件事情就是给无家可归的家庭提供食宿。
【解答】A.accommodation食宿;B.occupation职业;C.equipment设备;D.furniture家具。根据句意"地震以后,当地政府做的第一件事情就是给无家可归的家庭提供食宿。"空处意思应该是"食宿",A项正确。
故选:A。
【点评】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
15.(2025 滨海新区校级四模)If you don't know what you want,you might ________ getting something you don't want.(  )
A.end up B.break up C.turn up D.pick up
【答案】A
【分析】如果你不了解你想要的东西,也许你最终会得到你不想要的东西。
【解答】考查动词短语辨析。A.end up doing sth.以做……结束;B.break up关系破裂;分解;C.turn up出现;D.pick up捡起,用车接。根据后文"getting something you don't want"指可知最终会得到你不想要的东西。
故选:A。
【点评】正确翻译几个选项的汉语意思,然后结合句意选择作答。
16.(2025 河西区校级模拟)We are determined that our training should______the current development in education.(  )
A.keep pace with B.take possession of
C.make room for D.give birth to
【答案】A
【分析】我们决心使我们的培训跟上当前教育的发展.
【解答】考查动词短语辨析.A.keep pace with保持同步;B.take possession of占有,拥有;C.make room for为……腾出空间;D.give birth to产生,造成.根据句子的意思可知,本句强调的是跟上教育发展的形势;所以A选项正确.
故选:A.
【点评】考查动词短语的辨析,在平时的学习中要对词汇进行积累.
17.(2025 河西区校级模拟)After his ______ adventure,Mac felt relieved when he reached home safe and sound.(  )
A.visual B.identical
C.motivated D.terrifying
【答案】D
【分析】在经历了这次可怕的冒险之后,当麦克安全地回到他挚爱的家人身边时,他感到如释重负。
【解答】A.visual视觉的;B.identical相同的;C.motivated有动机的;D.terrifying可怕的。根据句意"在经历了这次可怕的冒险之后,当麦克安全地回到他挚爱的家人身边时,他感到如释重负。"可知,空处意思应该是"可怕的",D项正确。
故选:D。
【点评】考查形容词词义辨析,弄清楚各个形容词的含义并区别各个形容词之间的差异,了解某些形容词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
18.(2025 河西区校级模拟)Since Tom downloaded a virus into his computer,he can't open the file now.(  )
A.initially B.exceptionally
C.accidentally D.immediately
【答案】C
【分析】由于汤姆不小心把病毒下载到了电脑里,他现在打不开文件了。
【解答】A.initially最初;B.exceptionally格外地;C.accidentally偶然地,意外地;D.immediately立即。根据句意"由于汤姆不小心把病毒下载到了电脑里,他现在打不开文件了。"空处意思应该是"意外地",C项正确。
故选:C。
【点评】考查副词词义辨析,弄清楚各个副词的含义并区别各个副词之间的差异,了解某些副词的特殊用法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
19.(2025 河西区校级模拟)My English teacher great importance to good pronunciation,which is of benefit to remembering words in the long run.(  )
A.extends B.applies C.attaches D.whispers
【答案】C
【分析】我的英语老师非常重视良好的发音,从长远来看,这对记忆单词有好处。
【解答】A.extends伸展;B.applies应用;C.attaches认为有(重要性等);D.whispers耳语。根据句意"我的英语老师非常重视良好的发音,从长远来看,这对记忆单词有好处。"空处意思应该是"认为有(重要性等)",C项正确。
故选:C。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析。弄清楚各个动词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
20.(2025 红桥区一模) It is typical of Jane to buy lots of useless things online and thus,she wants to seek ways to remove her to it.(  )
A.addiction B.recreation
C.tension D.function
【答案】A
【分析】简在网上买了很多没用的东西,这是她的典型特征,因此,她想寻找方法来消除她对网络的依赖。
【解答】A.addiction沉溺,上瘾;B.recreation消遣;C.tension紧张;D.function功能。根据句意"简在网上买了很多没用的东西,这是她的典型特征,因此,她想寻找方法来消除她对网络的依赖。"空处意思应该是"沉溺,上瘾",A项正确。
故选:A。
【点评】考查名词的词义辨析,弄清楚各个名词的词义,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
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