Unit 3 Same or Different? Section A(Grammar Focus~3c)课堂笔记与分层测试题 (含解析)2025-2026人教版(2024)八年级英语上册

人教版2024八年级上册Unit 3 Section A(Grammar Focus~3c)
课堂笔记与分层测试题
一、比较级的基础认知
(一)比较级的作用
在日常交流中,比较级的核心作用是清晰描述人或事物的差异。比如通过“My schoolbag is heavier than yours.(我的书包比你的重)”这样的句子,能直观体现两者在重量上的不同,让表达更精准,避免模糊不清。
(二)有比较级的词性
只有形容词和副词具备比较级形式,且用法有明确区分,可总结为“be形动副”口诀:
形容词:常与be动词(am/is/are/was/were)连用,描述人或事物的特征,如“Emma is taller than Ella.(艾玛比艾拉高)”“This apple is bigger than that one.(这个苹果比那个大)”;
副词:用于修饰行为动词,通常放在动词后,描述动作的程度或方式,如“Ella dances better than Emma.(艾拉跳舞比艾玛好)”“He gets up earlier than me.(他比我起得早)”。
二、比较级的构成规则
(一)规则变化(核心重点)
1. 一般情况:直接在原级后加“er”
例:tall(高的)→ taller;fast(快地)→ faster;small(小的)→ smaller;short(短的)→ shorter。
特殊补充:以“e”结尾的形容词/副词,直接加“r”(本质属于一般变化的延伸),如large(大的)→ larger;nice(好的)→ nicer;late(晚的)→ later。
2. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾:先变“y”为“i”,再加“er”
例:busy(忙碌的)→ busier;funny(有趣的)→ funnier;easy(容易的)→ easier;lazy(懒惰的)→ lazier。
3. 重读闭音节(辅元辅结构):双写末尾辅音字母,再加“er”
例:big(大的)→ bigger;fat(胖的)→ fatter;hot(热的)→ hotter;thin(瘦的)→ thinner;red(红的)→ redder。
判断技巧:单词结尾为“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”,且重音在最后一个音节,需双写尾字母。
4. 多音节词及部分双音节词:在原级前加“more”
例:important(重要的)→ more important;colourful(色彩缤纷的)→ more colourful;dangerous(危险的)→ more dangerous;difficult(困难的)→ more difficult;popular(受欢迎的)→ more popular。
(二)不规则变化(特殊记忆)
无固定规律,需单独记忆,高频常用词如下,可结合口诀“两好两坏两多,一少一远特殊”辅助:
good(好的,形)/ well(好地,副)→ better(更好的/地)
bad(坏的,形)/ badly(坏地,副)→ worse(更坏的/地)
many(许多,修饰可数名词)/ much(许多,修饰不可数名词)→ more(更多)
little(少的,形/副)→ less(更少的/地)
far(远的/地,形/副)→ farther(侧重距离“更远”)/ further(侧重程度“更进一步”)
例:I feel much better today than yesterday.(我今天感觉比昨天好多了);She lives farther from school than me.(她住得比我离学校远);We need more time to finish the work.(我们需要更多时间完成工作)。
三、比较级的修饰词
在比较级前加特定词汇,可明确强调差异程度,常见修饰词及用法如下:
1. much / a lot / far:表示“……得多”,用于差异程度较大的情况
例:This movie is much more interesting than that one.(这部电影比那部有趣得多);He runs far faster than his classmates.(他跑得比同班同学快得多)。
2. a little / a bit:表示“稍微……一点”,用于差异程度较小的情况
例:My brother is a little taller than me.(我弟弟比我稍微高一点);This shirt is a bit bigger than the other one.(这件衬衫比另一件稍微大一点)。
3. even / still:表示“甚至更……”,用于进一步强化差异
例:The weather is even colder than last week.(天气比上周甚至更冷了);She studies still harder after the exam.(考试后她学习甚至更努力了)。
4. 具体倍数(如three times, twice):表示“……几倍”
例:This room is three times bigger than that one.(这个房间比那个大三倍);He eats twice more food than me.(他吃的食物比我多两倍)。
四、比较级的常见句型
(一)基础比较句型:A + be/实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B
用于直接对比A和B的差异,“than”后接比较对象(若为代词,用宾格形式me/him/her/them)。
形容词(配be动词):Emma is quieter than Ella.(艾玛比艾拉文静);This park is more beautiful than the old one.(这个公园比那个旧公园漂亮)。
副词(配实义动词):Ella dances better than Emma.(艾拉跳舞比艾玛好);Tom gets up earlier than his sister.(汤姆比他妹妹起得早)。
(二)“比较级 + and + 比较级”句型:表示“越来越……”
单音节/部分双音节比较级:直接用“比较级+and+比较级”
例:The sun gets brighter and brighter.(太阳变得越来越亮);It’s getting colder and colder.(天气变得越来越冷)。
多音节比较级:用“more and more + 原级”
例:English is becoming more and more important.(英语变得越来越重要);The city is getting more and more beautiful.(这座城市变得越来越漂亮)。
(三)“The + 比较级,the + 比较级”句型:表示“越……,就越……”
前半句表条件,后半句表结果,前后均需用“the + 比较级”,且句子用陈述句语序。
例:The harder you work, the better grades you’ll get.(你学习越努力,成绩就会越好);The more you read, the more you will know.(书读得越多,你懂得就越多);The busier he is, the happier he feels.(他越忙,感觉越开心)。
(四)“Which / Who is + 比较级,A or B?”句型:用于选择比较
“Which”用于比较事物,“Who”用于比较人,询问“两者中哪一个更……”,回答直接选择A或B并补充特征。
例:—Who is more active, Mary or Kate?(玛丽和凯特谁更活跃?)—Mary is more active.(玛丽更活跃);—Which is more delicious, the cake or the bread?(蛋糕和面包哪个更好吃?)—The cake is more delicious.(蛋糕更好吃)。
(五)“the + 比较级 + of the two”句型:表示“两者中较……的那个”
需在比较级前加“the”,明确特指“两者中的一个”,避免歧义。
例:Look at the two girls. Lily is the taller of the two.(看那两个女孩,莉莉是两者中较高的那个);Jim runs the faster of the two boys.(吉姆是两个男孩中跑得较快的那个)。
五、同级比较句型(as...as结构)
(一)肯定形式:A + be/实义动词 + as + 原级 + as + B
表示“A和B在某方面一样……”,必须用形容词/副词原级,不能用比较级。
例:He works as hard as his brother.(他和他弟弟工作一样努力);This pen writes as well as that one.(这支笔和那支笔写起来一样好);Emma is as slim as her sister.(艾玛和她姐姐一样苗条)。
(二)否定形式:A + be/实义动词 + not as/so + 原级 + as + B
表示“A不如B在某方面……”,“not as...as”和“not so...as”含义相同,可互换,同样需用原级。
例:It is not as warm today as yesterday.(今天不如昨天暖和);I don’t run as fast as Tom.(我跑得不如汤姆快);This book is not so interesting as that one.(这本书不如那本有趣)。
六、比较级的易错点
(一)比较对象必须一致
比较的两者需为同一类事物,不能将“事物A”和“事物B的部分”对比;若出现重复名词,用“that”(指代单数/不可数名词)或“those”(指代复数名词)替代,避免重复。
错误:The weather in Beijing is colder than Shanghai.(将“北京的天气”和“上海”对比,对象不一致)
正确:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(用“that”替代“the weather”,对比“北京的天气”和“上海的天气”)
错误:The books here are more interesting than on the shelf.(将“这里的书”和“书架上”对比,对象不一致)
正确:The books here are more interesting than those on the shelf.(用“those”替代“the books”,对比“这里的书”和“书架上的书”)
(二)动词的省略与替代
当“than”前后动词相同时,为避免重复,可用助动词(do/does/did)替代后面的动词,助动词也可省略。
例:You know more about English than I (do).(你比我更懂英语);Jim got up earlier than she (did).(吉姆比她起得早);She sings better than he (does).(她唱歌比他好)。
(三)避免误用比较级形式
多音节词不能加“er”,如“more important”不能写成“importanter”;
单音节词不能加“more”,如“taller”不能写成“more tall”;
“as...as”结构中不能用比较级,如“as tall as”不能写成“as taller as”。
分层测试题
【形式】
词汇掌握 口语交际 听力理解 书面表达
语音语调 语法运用 阅读理解 综合实践
【水平】
记忆性 理解性 应用性
分析性 评价性 创造性
一、写出下列单词的比较级形式
1. tall → ______ 2. busy → ______ 3. big → ______ 4. important → ______
5. good → ______ 6. bad → ______ 7. many → ______ 8. far → ______
二、用括号内单词的适当形式填空
1. My sister is two years ______ (old) than me.
2. This story is ______ (funny) than that one.
3. Tom runs ______ (fast) than his best friend.
4. Health is ______ (important) than money.
5. She feels ______ (good) today than yesterday.
三、单项选择(基础句型与修饰词)
1. This room is ______ bigger than that one.
A. a little B. more C. many D. most
2. —______ is more outgoing, Lucy or Lily
—Lucy is.
A. What B. Who C. Which D. How
3. He works ______ hard ______ his father.
A. as; as B. as; than C. more; than D. so; as
【形式】
词汇掌握 口语交际 听力理解 书面表达
语音语调 语法运用 阅读理解 综合实践
【水平】
记忆性 理解性 应用性
分析性 评价性 创造性
一、句型转换
1. Tom is taller than Jim.(改为同义句)
Jim is ______ ______ Tom.
2. She runs fast. He runs faster.(合并为一句)
He runs ______ ______ her.
3. This book is interesting. That book is more interesting.(合并为一句)
That book is ______ ______ ______ this one.
4. The more you practice, the better you will be.(翻译为中文)
________________________________________________
5. He is as hardworking as his brother.(改为否定句)
He ______ ______ ______ hardworking as his brother.
二、补全对话(根据语境填比较级或句型)
A: Hi, Mike! How was your weekend
B: Great! I went hiking with my friend Tom.
A: Who walked ______ (far) during the hike
B: Tom did. He is stronger than me, so he walked ______ (fast) too.
A: Did you take any photos
B: Yes! The scenery was ______ (beautiful) than I expected. And Tom’s photos are ______ (good) than mine—he is good at taking photos.
A: Sounds fun! I want to go hiking too.
B: You can join us next time. The more people, the ______ (happy) we will be!
三、单句改错(找出错误并改正)
1. This apple is more bigger than that one. ______ → ______
2. She is as taller as her sister. ______ → ______
3. The weather in Nanjing is hotter than Shanghai. ______ → ______
【形式】
词汇掌握 口语交际 听力理解 书面表达
语音语调 语法运用 阅读理解 综合实践
【水平】
记忆性 理解性 应用性
分析性 评价性 创造性
一、短文填空(根据上下文填比较级或相关词汇)
Last month, I went to two cities—Beijing and Shanghai. Let me tell you their differences.
First, the population of Beijing is ______ (large) than that of Shanghai. Second, in terms of area, Shanghai is not ______ (big) as Beijing, but it has ______ (many) tall buildings. The weather in January is different too: Beijing is ______ (cold) than Shanghai, and it sometimes snows in Beijing. However, in July, Shanghai is ______ (hot) than Beijing.
I think both cities are great. The ______ (much) you know about them, the ______ (much) you will like them.
二、书面表达(根据提示写短文)
提示:以“My Best Friend and I”为题,介绍你和好朋友的相同点与不同点,要求:1. 包含外貌、性格、习惯至少两个方面的比较;2. 至少使用3种比较级句型(如“A比B更……”“A和B一样……”“越……越……”);3. 词数80100。
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分层测试题答案
基础篇(考查比较级构成与基础用法)
一、写出下列单词的比较级形式
1. taller(单音节词,直接加“-er”)
2. busier(以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变“y”为“i”加“-er”)
3. bigger(重读闭音节,双写尾字母加“-er”)
4. more important(多音节词,前加“more”)
5. better(不规则变化,good/well的比较级)
6. worse(不规则变化,bad/badly的比较级)
7. more(不规则变化,many/much的比较级)
8. farther/further(不规则变化,far的比较级)
二、用括号内单词的适当形式填空
1. older(根据“than”可知用比较级,old的比较级为older)
2. funnier(根据“than”可知用比较级,funny变“y”为“i”加“-er”)
3. faster(根据“than”可知用比较级,fast直接加“-er”)
4. more important(多音节词,比较级前加“more”)
5. better(根据“than”可知用比较级,good的比较级为better)
三、单项选择(基础句型与修饰词)
1. A(“a little”可修饰比较级,表“稍微”;more用于构成多音节比较级,many/most不能修饰比较级,故选A)
2. B(比较对象是“Lucy和Lily”两个人,用“Who”提问“谁”,What提问事物,Which提问“哪一个”,How提问方式,故选B)
3. A(“as+原级+as”表示“和……一样”,是同级比较固定结构,其他选项搭配错误,故选A)
提升篇(考查比较级句型与易错点)
一、句型转换
1. shorter than(原句“汤姆比吉姆高”,同义句即“吉姆比汤姆矮”,tall的反义词为short,比较级为shorter)
2. faster than(合并后表“他跑得比她快”,fast的比较级为faster,用“比较级+than”结构)
3. more interesting than(合并后表“那本书比这本更有趣”,interesting是多音节词,比较级为more interesting)
4. 你练习得越多,你就会变得越好。(“The+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”,practice意为“练习”,be意为“变得”)
5. is not as/so(“as+原级+as”的否定形式为“not as/so+原级+as”,主语He是单数,be动词用is)
二、补全对话(根据语境填比较级或句型)
1. farther(比较“谁走得更远”,far的比较级为farther,侧重距离)
2. faster(根据“than”可知用比较级,fast直接加“-er”)
3. more beautiful(根据“than”可知用比较级,beautiful是多音节词,前加“more”)
4. better(根据“than”可知用比较级,good的比较级为better)
5. happier(“The+比较级,the+比较级”结构,happy变“y”为“i”加“-er”,表“人越多,我们越开心”)
三、单句改错(找出错误并改正)
1. more bigger → bigger(big的比较级为bigger,是单音节词,不需要加more,属于重复构成比较级)
2. taller → tall(“as+原级+as”结构中必须用形容词原级,不能用比较级taller)
3. Shanghai → that in Shanghai(比较对象需一致,原句将“南京的天气”和“上海”对比,应改为“南京的天气和上海的天气对比”,用that指代the weather)
拓展篇(考查比较级综合运用)
一、短文填空(根据上下文填比较级或相关词汇)
1. larger(根据“than”可知用比较级,large直接加“-r”)
2. as(“not as+原级+as”表示“不如……”,是同级比较否定结构,此处表“上海不如北京大”)
3. more(根据语境“更多高楼”,many的比较级为more)
4. colder(根据“than”可知用比较级,cold直接加“-er”,表“北京比上海冷”)
5. hotter(根据“than”可知用比较级,hot双写尾字母加“-er”,表“上海比北京热”)
6. more(“The+比较级,the+比较级”结构,much的比较级为more,表“你了解它们越多”)
7. more(对应前文“the more”,表“你就会越喜欢它们”)
二、书面表达(参考范文)
My Best Friend and I
My best friend is Lisa. We have similarities and differences.
In terms of personality, Lisa is more outgoing than me. She likes making new friends, but I am a little shy. However, we are as hard-working as each other—we both study hard every day.
In daily habits, Lisa gets up earlier than me, so she always helps me prepare breakfast. I run faster than her, so I often teach her to run. The more time we spend together, the happier we feel.
I am lucky to have such a good friend. We learn from each other and make progress together.

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