2025-206学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册
Unit2 --Unit3重难点讲解、拓展及易错题练习
知识点一：国家和语言
讲解：掌握一些国家及其对应的语言、国家人的表达方式。如 England（英国），English（英语），Englishman（英国人），其复数形式为 Englishmen；Germany（德国），German（德语、德国的），German（德国人），复数形式为 Germans 等。
拓展：可以了解更多国家的相关表达，如 France（法国），French（法语、法国的），Frenchman（法国人），复数为 Frenchmen 等。
练习：
1.I can speak a little ______ (French).
2.Those ______ (French) will visit the Palace Museum next Monday.
3.In the early 1830s, the man who invented a new kind of camera was a ______ (French).
4.More and more ______ (German) are becoming interested in Chinese culture.
5.He is a German and he was born in ______ (German).
6.______ (German) like beer, while British people like tea.
知识点二：environment
讲解：作名词，意为 “环境”。表示 “自然环境” 时，常与定冠词 “the” 连用；表示 “周围状况；环境” 时，常指影响人或事物发展的各种外部因素。其派生词有 environmental（形容词，“有关环境的”），environmentalist（名词，“环境保护主义者”），environmentally（副词，“有关环境地”）。
拓展：可以积累一些与 environment 相关的短语，如 protect the environment（保护环境），environmental pollution（环境污染）等。
练习：
1.We should protect the ______ (环境).
2.The ______ (周围的环境) has a great influence on our growth.
3.He is an ______ (环境保护主义者).
4.We should take action to reduce ______ (环境污染).
5.The company is trying to be more ______ (环保的).
6.______ (环境地) friendly products are becoming more and more popular.
知识点三：foreign
讲解：形容词，意为 “外国的”，可表示 “外国的人、物、国家等”。如 foreign language（外语），foreign country（外国），foreigner（外国人）。
拓展：了解一些由 foreign 组成的短语，如 foreign trade（对外贸易），foreign policy（外交政策）等。
练习：
1.Learning ______ (外国的) languages is very important.
2.He has been to many ______ (外国的) countries.
3.There are many ______ (外国人) in this city.
4.The company is engaged in ______ (对外贸易).
5.Our country's ______ (外交政策) is very important.
6.We should learn from ______ (外国的) experience.
知识点四：look forward to doing sth
讲解：意为 “期待；盼望”，其中 to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
拓展：类似结构的短语还有 pay attention to doing sth（注意做某事），be used to doing sth（习惯于做某事）等。
练习：
1.I'm looking forward to ______ (see) you again.
2.We should pay attention to ______ (protect) the environment.
3.He is used to ______ (get) up early.
4.She looks forward to ______ (have) a good time during the holiday.
5.They are paying attention to ______ (improve) their English.
6.We look forward to ______ (receive) your letter.
知识点五：pay
讲解：可作动词，意为 “支付；付款”，常用结构有 pay for sth（为某物付款），pay sb for sth（为某物付给某人钱）；也可作名词，意为 “工资；薪水”。
拓展：相关短语有 pay back（偿还），pay off（还清；成功）等。
练习：
1.I paid 50 yuan ______ (for) the book.
2.He paid the waiter 20 dollars ______ (for) the meal.
3.You should pay back the money on time.（改为同义句）You should ______ ______ the money on time.
4.His hard work paid off in the end.（翻译句子）______
5.She gets a high pay.（翻译句子）______
6.I have to pay ______ my tuition fees this week.
知识点六：offer 和 provide
讲解：offer 作动词，意为 “主动提出；自愿给予”，常用结构为 offer sb sth = offer sth to sb（为某人提供某物），offer to do sth（主动提出做某事）；provide 作动词，意为 “提供”，常用结构为 provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb（为某人提供某物）。
拓展：区分 offer 和 provide 的用法，offer 更强调主动给予，而 provide 更侧重于提供所需的东西。
练习：
1.He offered ______ (help) me with my English.
2.The company provides us ______ (with) a good working environment.
3.They offered a lot of money ______ (for) the project.
4.The school provides books ______ (for) the students.
5.She offered me a cup of tea.（改为同义句）She ______ a cup of tea ______ me.
6.The government should provide ______ (for) the poor.
知识点七：as...as
讲解：意为 “和…… 一样”，表示同级比较，中间用形容词或副词原级；not as...as... 意为 “不如……”。
拓展：可以用于比较两个人或事物的某种性质或状态。
练习：
1.This book is as ______ (interesting) as that one.
2.He runs as ______ (fast) as his brother.
3.The film is not as ______ (good) as I expected.
4.She is as ______ (tall) as her mother.
5.This problem is not as ______ (difficult) as that one.
6.He doesn't study as ______ (hard) as his classmates.
知识点八：plenty of
讲解：意为 “大量；充足”，既可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。
拓展：同义词组有 a lot of，lots of 等。
练习：
1.There is plenty of ______ (water) in the bottle.
2.We have plenty of ______ (books) in the library.
3.There are a lot of ______ (students) in the classroom.
4.She has lots of ______ (friends).
5.We need plenty of ______ (time) to finish the work.
6.There are plenty of ______ (apples) on the tree.
知识点九：aware
讲解：形容词，意为 “意识到；知道”，常见短语有 be aware of（意识到；知道）。其派生词有 unaware（形容词，“未意识到的；不知道的”），awareness（名词，“意识；认识”）。
拓展：提高学生对一些重要概念的 awareness，如 environmental awareness（环境意识）。
练习：
1.We should be aware ______ (of) the importance of learning English.
2.He was unaware ______ (of) the danger.
3.We should raise people's ______ (awareness) of protecting the environment.
4.She is aware that she has made a mistake.（改为否定句）She ______ ______ that she has made a mistake.
5.His ______ (unaware) of the rules led to his failure.
6.We need to increase our ______ (awareness) of safety.
知识点十：important & different
讲解：important 形容词，意为 “重要的”，常用结构为 It is important to do sth（做某事是重要的），其名词形式为 importance（重要性）；different 形容词，意为 “不同的”，常用结构为 be different from（与…… 不同），其名词形式为 difference（不同；差异）。
拓展：可以用一些短语来强调重要性，如 attach importance to（重视）；还可以用 make a difference（有影响；起作用）等短语。
练习：
1.It is important ______ (to learn) a foreign language.
2.We should attach importance ______ (to) our health.
3.The ______ (importance) of this meeting is very great.
4.This book is different ______ (from) that one.
5.There are many ______ (differences) between the two cultures.
6.Your help has made a big ______ (difference) to me.
答案：
知识点一：
1.French2.Frenchmen3.Frenchman4.Germans5.Germany6.Germans
知识点二：
1.environment2.surrounding environment3.environmentalist
4.environmental pollution5.environmentally friendly
6.Environmentally
知识点三：
1．Foreign 2．Foreign 3．foreigners
4．foreign trade 5．foreign policy 6．foreign
知识点四：
1.seeing 2.protecting 3.getting 4.having 5.improving 6.receiving
知识点五：
1．for2．for3．return4．他的努力最终得到了回报。
5．她的工资很高。6．for
知识点六：
1.to help 2.with 3.for 4.for 5.provided; to 6.for
知识点七：
1．Interesting 2．Fast 3．Good 4．Tall 5．Difficult 6．hard
知识点八：
1.water 2.books 3.students 4.friends 5.time 6.apples
知识点九：
1．Of 2．Of 3．Awareness 4．isn't aware 5．Unawareness 6．awareness
知识点十：
1.to learn 2.to 3.importance 4.from
5.differences 6.Difference
八年级英语上册 Unit3 重点知识点讲解、拓展及练习
知识点 1：exercise 的用法
讲解：exercise 作动词，意为 “锻炼”；也可作名词，意为 “锻炼” 时是不可数名词，意为 “体操，练习” 时是可数名词。
拓展：常见短语有 take exercise “进行锻炼”，do morning exercises “做早操”。
练习
（ ）1.You should do more ______ to keep healthy.
A. exercise B. exercises C. an exercise D. the exercise
（ ）2.The doctor told me to get more ______.
A. exercise B. exercises C. exercisees D. exercising
（ ）3.We do eye ______ every day.
A. exercise B. exercises C. an exercise D. the exercise
（ ）4.He spends an hour ______ every day.
A. exercise B. exercises C. exercising D. to exercise
（ ）5.You need to ______ regularly if you want to be fit.
A. exercise B. exercises C. exercising D. exercised
（ ）6.Running is a good ______.
A. exercise B. exercises C. an exercise D. the exercise
知识点 2：come on 的用法
讲解：come on 用于祈使句，可用来鼓励对方，也可表示劝说、催促、不耐烦等。
拓展：类似的短语有 cheer up “振作起来”，hurry up “快点”。
练习
（ ）1.______, you can do it!
A. Come on B. Come up C. Come over D. Come in
（ ）2.______, we're going to be late for the movie.
A. Come on B. Come out C. Come back D. Come true
（ ）3.-I'm afraid I can't finish the work. -______, you have tried your best.
A. Come on B. Come along C. Come up with D. Come down
（ ）4.______, let's start the game.
A. Come on B. Come about C. Come across D. Come to
（ ）5.-I don't want to go there. -______, it will be very interesting.
A. Come on B. Come off C. Come through D. Come around
（ ）6.______, we need to finish this task as soon as possible.
A. Come on B. Come forward C. Come into D. Come up against
知识点 3：enjoy oneself 的用法
讲解：enjoy oneself 意为 “玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相当于 have a good time 或 have fun。enjoy 后可接名词、代词和动名词，接动词时只能用动名词形式，不能跟不定式。
拓展：反身代词的常见搭配还有 teach oneself “自学”，help oneself to “随便吃” 等。
练习
（ ）1.We ______ at the party last night.
enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ourselves
C. enjoyed themselves D. enjoyed himself
（ ）2.Did you ______ at the concert
A.enjoy yourself B. enjoy yourselves
C. enjoy themselves D. enjoy himself
（ ）3.She always enjoys ______ to music.
A. listen B. listens C. listening D. to listen
（ ）4.They enjoyed ______ in the park last Sunday.
A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play
（ ）5.We should enjoy ______ every day.
A. our life B. our lives C. us D. ourselves
（ ）6.He enjoyed ______ the beautiful scenery in the mountains.
A. see B. sees C. seeing D. to see
知识点 4：by 的用法
讲解：by 有 “在…… 旁边，通过，在…… 之前” 等意思。作 “搭，乘” 讲时，by 后直接跟交通工具的名称，中间不加冠词。
拓展：by 还可用于被动语态中，表示 “被，由”。
练习
（ ）1.I go to school ______ bike every day.
A. on B. in C. by D. at
（ ）2.The book was written ______ Mo Yan.
A. by B. with C. in D. on
（ ）3.We live ______ the river.
A. by B. near C. beside D. all of the above
（ ）4.You must finish the work ______ Friday.
A. by B. until C. before D. after
（ ）5.He made a living ______ selling newspapers.
A. by B. with C. in D. on
（ ）6.The news was spread ______ word of mouth.
A. by B. through C. with D. in
知识点 5：How long is... 的用法
讲解：How long is... 用于询问物体的长、宽、高，其回答使用 “It's＋数词＋名词（表示量）＋long/wide/tall/high”。
拓展：how long 还可用于询问时间的长度。
练习
（ ）1.-______ is the river -It's about 100 kilometers long.
A. How long B. How wide C. How tall D. How high
（ ）2.-______ is the building -It's about 50 meters high.
A. How long B. How wide C. How tall D. How high
（ ）3.-______ is the table -It's about 2 meters wide.
A. How long B. How wide C. How tall D. How high
（ ）4.-______ did you stay in Beijing -For a week.
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far
（ ）5.-______ is the bridge -It's about 500 meters long.
A. How long B. How wide C. How tall D. How high
（ ）6.-______ is the ruler -It's about 20 centimeters long.
A. How long B. How wide C. How tall D. How high
知识点 6：be made of 的用法
讲解：be made of 意为 “由…… 制成”，of 后接材料名词，强调从成品中能看出原材料。
拓展：be made from“由…… 制成”，强调从成品中看不出原材料；be made in“在…… 制造”。
练习
（ ）1.The desk is made ______ wood.
A. of B. from C. in D. by
（ ）2.The paper is made ______ wood.
A. of B. from C. in D. by
（ ）3.This car is made ______ China.
A. of B. from C. in D. by
（ ）4.The coat is made ______ wool.
A. of B. from C. in D. by
（ ）5.The bread is made ______ flour.
A. of B. from C. in D. by
（ ）6.The statue is made ______ stone.
A. of B. from C. in D. by
知识点 7：as...as 的用法
讲解：as...as 意为 “和…… 一样”，用于同级比较，中间用形容词或副词原级。其否定形式为 not as/so...as，意为 “不如……”。
拓展：as...as possible 意为 “尽可能……”。
练习
（ ）1.This book is ______ that one.
A. as interesting as B. more interesting as
C. so interesting as D. interesting than
（ ）2.He runs ______ I do.
A. as fast as B. faster as C. so fast as D. fast than
（ ）3.The weather is ______ today as it was yesterday.
A. as good B. good as C. so good D. better as
（ ）4.This box is ______ that one.
A. as heavy as B. heavier as C. so heavy as D. heavy than
（ ）5.She sings ______ her sister.
A. as well as B. better as C. so well as D. well than
（ ）6.Please come back ______ as possible.
A. as soon B. soon C. so soon D. sooner
知识点 8：with 复合结构
讲解：with 复合结构的形式为 “with + 名词 + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 / 动词 - ing 形式”，在句中作状语，表示伴随情况。
拓展：with 复合结构还可表示原因、条件等。
练习
（ ）1.He came in ______ a book in his hand.
A. with B. for C. in D. on
（ ）2.The teacher came into the classroom ______ a smile on her face.
A. with B. for C. in D. on
（ ）3.The boy is sleeping ______ the window open.
A. with B. for C. in D. on
（ ）4.______ the help of my teacher, I passed the exam.
A. With B. For C. In D. On
（ ）5.She left the room ______ the light on.
A. with B. for C. in D. on
（ ）6.______ time going by, we became good friends.
A. With B. For C. In D. On
知识点 9：hope 的用法
讲解：hope 的常用结构有 hope+to do sth. 和 hope + 从句，表示可以实现或能达到的希望。
拓展：hope 不能用于 hope sb. to do sth. 结构。
练习
（ ）1.I hope ______ a doctor in the future.
A. to be B. be C. being D. to being
（ ）2.We hope ______ you can come to our party.
A. that B. if C. whether D. what
（ ）3.She hopes ______ a good job after graduation.
A. to find B. find C. finding D. to finding
（ ）4.I hope ______ it will be fine tomorrow.
A. that B. if C. whether D. what
（ ）5.He hopes ______ to the USA next year.
A. to go B. go C. going D. to going
（ ）6.We hope ______ you a happy life.
A. that you have B. you to have C. having D. you having
知识点 10：反身代词的用法
讲解：反身代词在人称和数上要与它所指代的名词或代词保持一致，在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。常见的反身代词短语有 enjoy oneself，teach oneself，help oneself to 等。
拓展：反身代词还可用于强调某人自己，意为 “亲自”。
练习
（ ）1.Help ______ to some fish, children.
A. yourself B. yourselves C. themselves D. himself
（ ）2.She taught ______ English when she was young.
A. herself B. himself C. myself D. themselves
（ ）3.We should believe in ______.
A. ourselves B. myself C. themselves D. himself
（ ）4.The boy is old enough to look after ______.
A. himself B. herself C. myself D. themselves
（ ）5.They enjoyed ______ at the party.
A. themselves B. ourselves C. myself D. himself
（ ）6.I saw the president ______ yesterday.
A. himself B. herself C. myself D. themselves
答案：
知识点 1
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A
知识点 2
1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.A
知识点 3
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．C
知识点 4
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.A
知识点 5
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．A
知识点 6
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A
知识点 7
1．A 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．A 6．A
知识点 8
1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.A
知识点 9
1．A2．A3．A4．A5．A 6．A
知识点 10
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.A

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