★启用前注意保密 试卷类型：A
2025 年广州市高三毕业班考前冲刺训练题（一）
英 语
本试卷共 10 页，满分 120 分。考试用时 120 分钟。
注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用 2B 铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。并在答题卡相应位置
上填涂考生号。因笔试不考听力，试卷从第二部分开始，试题序号从“21”开始。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案
信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试
卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指
定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不
准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）第一节（共
15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
MUSEUM OF CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGY EVENTS VOLUNTEER
Volunteers in this role will be added to the Events Volunteer Register. When a volunteering
opportunity arises, an email will be sent to the Register. Tasks may include preparing for, advertising
or helping out at events. Reply to the email if interested.
The Museum runs regular events for adults and children, engaging thousands annually. Help is
sought for various tasks to ensure events run smoothly.
VOLUNTEER TASKS
Helping at adult or children’s events: serving drinks, storytelling and facilitating hands-on
activities; setting up for and tidying up after events
Photography: taking and uploading photos of events
Advertising: helping distribute promotional posters
WHAT YOU WILL GAIN
Experience in museum education to enhance your CV (简历)
Chance to develop new skills
Join an enthusiastic team and work cooperatively
Opportunity to ask for a reference, but only after 40 hours’ voluntary work
SKILLS REQUIRED
Reliability
Friendly and polite towards visitors
Willingness to help out with different tasks
Events mainly occur on weekdays, not many on weekends. Applicants must be 18+. Events
Volunteers will be invited to have an informal phone chat and to attend a training session before they
are formally accepted as volunteers.
21. How can volunteers apply for the role
A. By sending a registration letter. B. By calling the museum.
C. By helping out at events in advance. D. By replying to the email.
22. What can each volunteer gain from this role
A. CV writing skills. B. Experience of teamwork.
C. A reference letter. D. Friendship with visitors.
23. Which is an application requirement
A. Having previous work experience. B. Availability on weekends.
C. Being at least 18 years old. D. Passing a formal interview.
B
When Leonardo da Vinci wasn’t painting masterpieces or dreaming up flying machines, he was
exploring the secrets of gravity. Considering himself a scientist and artist, this Renaissance thinker
spent untold hours studying how the “attraction of one object to another” affected phenomena like
the flight of birds and the fall of water.
Recent research published in the journal Leonardo reveals that da Vinci conducted detailed
gravity experiments over a century before Galileo and two centuries prior to Newton. “His thinking
was far ahead of his time,” said co-author Dr. Morteza Gharib. The study highlights Leonardo’s
determination to find the law governing the dynamics of falling objects.
Dr. Gharib said he discovered the experiments while examining an online version of The Codex
Arundel, a collection of Leonardo’s notes from 1478 to 1518. Among its mirror-written texts, a
drawing on Page 143 caught his eye: a triangle (三角) formed by circles pouring from a pot. He
used a computer program to flip (翻转) the triangle and the nearby backward writing. Suddenly, the
image came to life. “I could see motion,” Dr. Gharib recalled. “I could see him pouring stuff out.”
It was a eureka moment that revealed Leonardo’s forward-looking experiment.
Gazing at Leonardo’s drawing, Dr. Gharib realized that the artist had separated gravity’s effects
into two components, revealing a normally hidden aspect of nature. Inspired by hail falling from
fast-moving clouds, Leonardo demonstrated through his drawing how gravity’s constant force
causes a steady speed gain—shown by the increasing gaps between falling objects as the pot moves.
Despite his basic experimental setup 500 years ago, da Vinci calculated the gravitational
constant to an accuracy within 10 percent of the modern value. “It’s mind-boggling,” Dr. Gharib
said. “That’s the beauty of what Leonardo does.”
However, Dr. Gharib hesitated to examine the Codex further. “I’m like a kid in a toy store,
afraid to even look at it,” he said. He noted that while art historians had studied it, scientists had not.
“It’s an open book with so much to discover.”
24. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To report da Vinci’s unknown research.
B. To compare da Vinci with other scientists.
C. To prove da Vinci’s artist and scientist role.
D. To show a way of analyzing da Vinci’s notes.
25. What does the underlined phrase “a eureka moment” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Finding da Vinci’s secret drawings. B. Detecting the need of mirror-writing.
C. Discovering the power of technology. D. Realizing the triangle’s scientific meaning.
26. What is special about da Vinci’s experiments
A. They were the first to explore the law of gravity.
B. They achieved high-level accuracy with simple tools.
C. They focused on the beauty of falling objects’ motion.
D. They integrated artistic strategy with scientific method.
27. What can we know about The Codex from Dr. Gharib’s words A. It contains unexplored
scientific insights.
B. Historians misunderstood its real purpose. C.
Its artwork hasn’t been properly analyzed.
D. New tools are required to reveal its secrets.
C
The human mind is astonishing. We can solve complex problems, perform calculations, create
art, and process language effortlessly. We humans are the smartest of all, or so we think…
However, recent studies reveal how easily context can mislead us. Consider the Müller-Lyer
illusion (错觉): equal-length lines look different if one has outward-pointing arrows and the other
has inward-pointing arrows. Similarly, three identical-sized runners positioned along a visual path
seem to vary in size.
Before you conclude that being fooled is reserved only for visual illusions, let me give the
example of Belinda: an outspoken philosophy student, deeply concerned with sustainability,
biodiversity, and global warming. Is Belinda more likely: a) a top student, or b) a top student and
vegetarian Many people choose the second, because the context of being vegetarian seems to fit
the image of someone deeply concerned with sustainability. But statistically, the first is more likely.
There are always more top students than vegetarian top students.
Yet for all its potential to trick, context more often serves as our mental shortcut to efficient
understanding. Rather than memorizing every possible meaning of words and sentence patterns, we
constantly use surrounding information to fill gaps. As linguist J.R. Firth observed, “You shall know
a word by the company it keeps.” For example, in the sentence “My daughter was ferliamated when
she got a pet dog,” we can guess that “ferliamated” means “excited”, even if the word doesn’t exist.
This two-sided nature of context leads us to an important discovery about how our minds work.
While we can discuss anything at any time in any context, it seems more likely that we talk about
the things whose meaning lies in the same context. This offers exciting possibilities for
understanding both the human mind and language itself—showing how communication depends not
just on our thinking, but equally on how language is built to work with context.
28. Which image matches the description of the “runners” illusion
A B C D
29. Why do people often choose option (b) in the Belinda example A. Top students often
make greener choices.
B. Rich details override their logical thinking.
C. Personal experiences affect decision-making.
D. First impressions lead to their false judgment.
30. How do Firth’s quote and the “ferliamated” example support the author’s point A. They
show how context helps word understanding. B. They prove that words can have random
meanings.
C. They explain why memorizing words isn’t a shortcut.
D. They demonstrate what dictionaries can’t really clarify.
31. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The link between context and mind. B. The complex nature of context.
C. Talk topics within the same context. D. The research value of context.
D
As a psychology writer, I’ve come across hundreds of evidence-based tips for better thinking.
Few have proven as useful as the ancient strategy of illeism—the practice of talking about oneself
in the third person. To the modern ear, illeism can sound a little silly and we may even deride famous
people who choose to talk that way. Yet recent research suggests that illeism can bring real benefits.
To understand why, we must examine how scientists measure wise reasoning. Igor Grossmann,
a leading researcher in wisdom, identified qualities like humbleness, openness to others’ views and
adaptability. In an early study, participants voiced responses to difficulties, while psychologists rated
their answers. Grossmann found these tests better predicted life satisfaction and social relationship
quality than IQ tests, suggesting the studies revealed unique reasoning skills.
Grossmann’s later studies discovered that people’s wise reasoning can depend on the context—
their scores tended to be much higher when considering others’ situations than their own. Grossmann
called this “Solomon’s Paradox” after the king famous for giving others wise advice but making
poor personal decisions. The problem seems to be that when making personal choices, emotions
cloud our judgment. If a friend gives me negative feedback, for example, embarrassment might make
me too defensive. I might therefore ignore their opinions without considering whether they could be
helpful in the long term.
Could illeism solve Solomon’s Paradox The idea makes sense: switching to the third person
allows us to see the bigger picture, rather than getting caught up in our own feelings. Grossmann’s
latest studies support this idea: participants who kept a third-person diary for a month showed greater
wise reasoning gains than first-person writers. Illeism users also reported calmer responses to
stressful events, suggesting a more balanced response to daily challenges.
Based on these findings, I now apply illeism to all decisions, small and big. I find that a few
moments to view my problems from a third-person perspective helps me to see the issue more clearly.
32. What is the focus of Grossmann’s first study
A. How wise reasoning was assessed. B. How psychologists rated social skills.
C. How IQ tests predicted life satisfaction.
D. How participants solved tough problems.
33. What is “Solomon’s Paradox”
A. An effective way to improve people’s reasoning.
B. A theory on how emotions affect decision-making.
C. The phenomenon that one is wiser when helping others.
D. The tendency of being overconfident when advising others.
34. Which group showed better emotional responses in Grossmann’s later study
A. Those writing to themselves. B. Those using third-person diaries.
C. Those having wise reasoning training. D. Those experiencing stressful events.
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The positive psychology of self-distancing
B. Social benefits of illeism in decision-making
C. Illeism: An ancient trick to help wise reasoning
D. Evidence-based solution to Solomon’s Paradox
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出
可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
余选项。
I was looking out of my window when I saw them—dozens of caterpillars (毛毛虫) crawling
all over a lovely green plant in my garden. 36 In just a few days, only thin, weak stems remained.
Finally, they turned into butterflies and flew off. I felt like a farmer whose field had been destroyed
by pests.
37 Insect populations are declining globally at a rate of 1% to 2% each year. This is a huge
problem, and any help is valuable. Many people are now “planting for helpers.” A recent survey
found that a significant number of people are buying plants to support wildlife. This provides bees,
butterflies and other flying insects with food from native wildflowers. But what about planting for
plant-eaters Should we plant things hoping they will get eaten
I asked some experts. Mathew, an ecologist, says insects that eat plants shouldn’t be called
pests—they’re just plant-eaters. “My garden is primarily for insects,” he says. One plant that
gardeners should consider growing for insects is milkweed. 38
Insects face many threats, like chemicals used to kill them on farms. 39 “We’re talking
about small animals, so small areas do help,” says conservation biologist Sarah Smiths. Studies show
that simple decisions by gardeners can affect insect numbers.
The caterpillars returned this spring just like last year. But now, I watch them with hope. How
strange! 40 This makes me wonder: What other “pests” have we gotten wrong And how much
richer might our world be if we learned to welcome them
A. Sadly, my lovely plant never got better after that.
B. It’s the favorite food of Monarch butterfly babies.
C. Many believe small gardens require fewer chemical treatments.
D. However, I soon learned that this might not be as bad as it seemed.
E. These creatures I once thought were enemies might actually be guests.
F. It might seem like small gardens can’t make a difference, but they can.
G. I watched, with some horror, as these insects chewed the leaves to bits.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节（共
15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。
When I was a boy, I was good at math. I learned to 41 while playing cards. I repeatedly 42
the multiplication tables (乘法表) until I had them memorized. But high school maths was a
different story. 43 , numbers became letters. Everything was so 44 . As I couldn’t see its use in
life, the subject seemed 45 to me.
This was proven 46 , though, years later. I was working at a minimum-wage job, 47 to
support my family. One day, I found myself with just 10 dollars in my wallet but the petrol tank on
my old car was empty. I 48 at a convenience store and bought 5 dollars’ 49 of gas. As I waited
in line to pay, I saw a woman 50 searching her purse for money to buy milk for her children. For
a second, 51 held me back: My math told me I had nothing left. The next moment, however, my
emotions urged me to offer her my last 5 dollars! I felt 52 . It didn’t make 53 sense to me, but I
was sure this small sum of money made a big difference.
As I reflected later, I began to realize how math, in its own way, had guided my 54 . Math is
much like love: the more we give, whether it’s our time or money, the more we receive. Finally, I
was able to appreciate the 55 of math.
41. A. summarize B. interpret C. compare D. calculate
42. A. searched B. assessed C. consulted D. practised
43. A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Naturally D. Interestingly
44. A. familiar B. meaningful C. abstract D. practical
45. A. unfamiliar B. irrelevant C. important D. accessible
46. A. attractive B. effective C. useless D. wrong
47. A. afraid B. ready C. struggling D. supposed
48. A. pulled up B. settled down C. dropped in D. hung out
49. A. cost B. worth C. price D. interest
50. A. busily B. desperately C. carefully D. randomly
51. A. sympathy B. curiosity C. selfishness D. responsibility
52. A. uncomfortable B. guilty C. regretful D. strange
53. A. mathematical B. physical C. moral D. mental
54. A. decision B. growth C. past D. understanding
55. A. reality B. impact C. beauty D. challenge
第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 1.8-meter-tall Tiangong Ultra made history by winning the 56 (world) first robot half-
marathon in Beijing. Among the twenty robots, only six finished the tough 21km race, yet their
efforts revealed tech advances unmatched by lab tests.
“This is more than just a race,” said Xiong Youjun, 57 Tiangong Ultra completed the course
in 2 hours 40 minutes. “It’s about preparing robots for real-world challenges, like rough ground and
mechanical stress.” The event was 58 unique testing ground: Shanghai’s Xingzhe-2 impressed
with its 6-hour battery life, while another robot maintained balance even when pushed off course.
China’s robotics industry, already 59 (produce) over half of the world’s humanoids, is
rapidly advancing toward its 2027 mass-production goals. 60 (afford) models are making the
technology more accessible. However, the ultimate goal is more than just creating athletic machines
that can run; it is to create intelligent machines that think like humans. “The real victory,” says Xiong,
“will be 61 robots shift from showy tricks to everyday help.”
This change is underway. In 62 (factory), robots handle dangerous materials; in stores, they
manage sorting tasks. Each tech advance 63 (bring) us closer to a future where humans and
robots work together in homes, hospitals, and neighborhoods.
Tiangong Ultra’s win means more than just first place—it shows China’s methodical, 64
(determine) approach to technological advancement. Like marathon training, building capable
robots means keeping going 65 difficulties. With each new idea, the finish line of practical,
everyday robotic assistance comes clearer into view.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（满分
15 分）
你是学校英语俱乐部负责人李华。英国姐妹校学生将来访，俱乐部计划组织一次联谊活
动。请给对方学生代表 Mike 写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．介绍计划； 2．征
询建议。注意：
1． 写作词数应为 80 个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Mike,
I hope this email finds you well.
Best regards,
Li Hua
第二节（满分 25 分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My 12-year-old daughter is smart, even sharper than I was at her age, but she just wouldn’t pick
up a chapter book for fun. School books were tough for her, and when it came to free time, she stuck
to picture books and listened to “Harry Potter” audiobooks. None of these really got her into deep
reading, where you stare at words on paper and let your imagination fly.
For a while, I had to face the truth: I hadn’t passed on the joy of reading to her. I tried telling her
how reading makes life richer, but she shrugged (耸肩) and said, “Lots of my friends don’t like
reading either. It’s no big deal.”
Things went worse when she got a smartphone last year. Suddenly, my lively child became lazy,
always on her phone. I suggested other fun activities, but she just found them “boring.” I still held
out hope for reading, seeing it as a developmental escape. But the problem was that she chose the
colorful, noisy world of her phone.
Then, right before we left for an 8-day holiday on a beautiful Greek island, we talked about
reading again. “Novels are the best way to understand how people feel,” I told her. “I can learn more
from social media,” she replied. I mentioned storytelling and history, and she said, “I can watch
movies and use the internet.” I even promised to buy her any books she liked, but she smiled and
said, “Mama, welcome to your dream.”
I realized I couldn’t win. She had good reasons and I couldn’t say she was wrong. Sure, reading
opens up new worlds, but so does the whole internet. Still, deep down, I wished she’d experience
the pure magic of reading—those special moments when an author says exactly what you’ve always
felt but never knew how to express.
注意：
1．续写词数应为 150 左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So, instead of talking more, I decided to offer a reward.
By the end of the holiday, my daughter finished her book and asked for another.2025年广州市普通高中毕业班冲刺训练题（一）
英语试题参考答案
第二部分 阅读
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D
26. B 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. A
31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）
36. G 37. D 38. B 39. F 40. E
第三部分 语言运用
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
41. D 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B
46. D 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. B
51. C 52. D 53. A 54. A 55. C
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
56. world’s 57. whose 58. a 59. producing 60. Affordable
61. when 62. factories 63. brings 64.determined 65. through/despite
第四部分 写作
第一节
【作文示例】
（1）
Dear Mike,
I hope this email finds you well. I am Li Hua, the head of our school’s English Club. I am writing to discuss an upcoming event we are planning. As your school will be visiting us soon, we would like to organize a joint activity to foster cultural exchange and strengthen our friendship.
Our initial plan includes a cultural fair where both groups can showcase traditional customs, games, and food from our respective countries. We are also considering a joint performance or presentation to highlight our shared interests and talents.
I would greatly appreciate your input on this idea. Are there any specific activities or themes you think would be particularly engaging Your suggestions will help us tailor the event to ensure it is both enjoyable and meaningful for everyone involved.
Looking forward to your reply.
Best regards,
Li Hua
（2）
Dear Mike,
I hope this email finds you well. I am Li Hua, the leader of the English Club at our school. We are delighted to hear about your upcoming visit and have planned a special cultural exchange event to strengthen our friendship.
We thought the event could start with a campus tour, followed by a talent show where students can showcase cultural performances. Some ideas we had include our students demonstrating Chinese calligraphy or performing traditional dances. We’re curious to hear what performances or activities your group might be interested in sharing as well. We could also have an interactive session to discuss school traditions and festivals, which would help us learn more about each other’s cultures.
We would appreciate any suggestions you have to make this event engaging and memorable. Looking forward to your reply!
Best regards,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
【作答示例】
（1）
So, instead of talking more, I decided to offer a reward. I told her that if she read a book during the holiday, I would buy her a new phone case she had been eyeing. She hesitated but finally agreed. I carefully chose some adventure and mystery books that I thought she might enjoy. Surprisingly, she picked an adventure book and started reading it on the plane. At first, she seemed reluctant, glancing up often. But as time went on, she became more absorbed. She would sit by the window of our beachfront villa, completely lost in the book. I could see the excitement in her eyes as she turned each page, eager to know what happened next.
By the end of the holiday, my daughter finished her book and asked for another. I was overjoyed to see her enthusiasm. She told me how much she enjoyed the book and how it made her feel like she was part of the adventure. Her eyes sparkled as she described the thrilling plot twists and vivid characters. It was a moment of triumph for me, but more importantly, a moment of discovery for her. I realized that maybe all she needed was a little push and the right book to ignite her love for reading. As I watched her dive into the next book, I felt a deep sense of satisfaction. The magic of reading, once a distant dream, had finally found its way into her heart.
（2）
So, instead of talking more, I decided to offer a reward. I told my daughter that if she could finish a chapter book during the 8-day holiday, I would buy her the new video game she had been longing for. Her eyes lit up and she reluctantly agreed to give it a try. I carefully selected a fantasy novel filled with vivid illustrations and an engaging plot. At first, she flipped through the pages half-heartedly, but gradually, the magical world within the book began to cast its spell on her. She started asking me questions about the story, and her face would beam with excitement as she made predictions about what might happen next.
By the end of the holiday, my daughter finished her book and asked for another. Her eyes sparkled with newfound enthusiasm as she shared the thrilling adventures with me. “Mom, it’s like I traveled to another world! Thank you for making this journey possible for me.” I smiled warmly at her, my eyes reflecting my pride. “Thank you too, sweetheart,” I said softly. “For giving it a try.”
This experience not only bridged the gap between us but also taught me how the right approach can spark curiosity and passion in our children, guiding them to discover the beauty of reading, and so much more.★启用前注意保密 试卷类型：A
2025年广州市高三毕业班考前冲刺训练题（一）
英 语
本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。因笔试不考听力，试卷从第二部分开始，试题序号从“21”开始。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
MUSEUM OF CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGY EVENTS VOLUNTEER
Volunteers in this role will be added to the Events Volunteer Register. When a volunteering opportunity arises, an email will be sent to the Register. Tasks may include preparing for, advertising or helping out at events. Reply to the email if interested.
The Museum runs regular events for adults and children, engaging thousands annually. Help is sought for various tasks to ensure events run smoothly.
VOLUNTEER TASKS
Helping at adult or children’s events: serving drinks, storytelling and facilitating hands-on activities; setting up for and tidying up after events
Photography: taking and uploading photos of events
Advertising: helping distribute promotional posters
WHAT YOU WILL GAIN
Experience in museum education to enhance your CV (简历)
Chance to develop new skills
Join an enthusiastic team and work cooperatively
Opportunity to ask for a reference, but only after 40 hours’ voluntary work
SKILLS REQUIRED
Reliability
Friendly and polite towards visitors
Willingness to help out with different tasks
Events mainly occur on weekdays, not many on weekends. Applicants must be 18+. Events Volunteers will be invited to have an informal phone chat and to attend a training session before they are formally accepted as volunteers.
21. How can volunteers apply for the role
A. By sending a registration letter. B. By calling the museum.
C. By helping out at events in advance. D. By replying to the email.
22. What can each volunteer gain from this role
A. Improvement of CV writing. B. Experience of teamwork.
C. A reference letter. D. Friendship with visitors.
23. Which is an application requirement
A. Having previous work experience. B. Availability on weekends.
C. Being at least 18 years old. D. Passing a formal interview.
B
When Leonardo da Vinci wasn’t painting masterpieces or dreaming up flying machines, he was exploring the secrets of gravity. Considering himself a scientist and artist, this Renaissance thinker spent untold hours studying how the “attraction of one object to another” affected phenomena like the flight of birds and the fall of water.
Recent research published in the journal Leonardo reveals that da Vinci conducted detailed gravity experiments over a century before Galileo and two centuries prior to Newton. “His thinking was far ahead of his time,” said co-author Dr. Morteza Gharib. The study highlights Leonardo’s determination to find the law governing the dynamics of falling objects.
Dr. Gharib said he discovered the experiments while examining an online version of The Codex Arundel, a collection of Leonardo’s notes from 1478 to 1518. Among its mirror-written texts, a drawing on Page 143 caught his eye: a triangle (三角) formed by circles pouring from a pot. He used a computer program to flip (翻转) the triangle and the nearby backward writing. Suddenly, the image came to life. “I could see motion,” Dr. Gharib recalled. “I could see him pouring stuff out.” It was a eureka moment that revealed Leonardo’s forward-looking experiment.
Gazing at Leonardo’s drawing, Dr. Gharib realized that the artist had separated gravity’s effects into two components, revealing a normally hidden aspect of nature. Inspired by hail falling from fast-moving clouds, Leonardo demonstrated through his drawing how gravity’s constant force causes a steady speed gain — shown by the increasing gaps between falling objects as the pot moves.
Despite his basic experimental setup 500 years ago, da Vinci calculated the gravitational constant to an accuracy within 10 percent of the modern value. “It’s mind-boggling,” Dr. Gharib said. “That’s the beauty of what Leonardo does.”
However, Dr. Gharib hesitated to examine the Codex further. “I’m like a kid in a toy store, afraid to even look at it,” he said. He noted that while art historians had studied it, scientists had not. “It’s an open book with so much to discover.”
What is the main purpose of the text
A. To report da Vinci’s unknown research.
B. To compare da Vinci with other scientists.
C. To prove da Vinci’s artist and scientist role.
D. To show a way of analyzing da Vinci’s notes.
25. What does the underlined phrase “a eureka moment” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Finding da Vinci’s secret drawings. B. Detecting the need of mirror-writing.
C. Discovering the power of technology. D. Realizing the triangle’s scientific meaning.
26. What is special about da Vinci’s experiments
A. They were the first to explore the law of gravity.
B. They achieved high-level accuracy with simple tools.
C. They focused on the beauty of falling objects’ motion.
D. They integrated artistic strategy with scientific method.
27. What can we know about The Codex from Dr. Gharib’s words
A. It contains unexplored scientific insights.
B. Historians misunderstood its real purpose.
C. Its artwork hasn’t been properly analyzed.
D. New tools are required to reveal its secrets.
C
The human mind is astonishing. We can solve complex problems, perform calculations, create art, and process language effortlessly. We humans are the smartest of all, or so we think…
However, recent studies reveal how easily context can mislead us. Consider the Müller-Lyer illusion (错觉): equal-length lines look different if one has outward-pointing arrows and the other has inward-pointing arrows. Similarly, three identical-sized runners positioned along a visual path seem to vary in size.
Before you conclude that being fooled is reserved only for visual illusions, let me give the example of Belinda: an outspoken philosophy student, deeply concerned with sustainability, biodiversity, and global warming. Is Belinda more likely: a) a top student, or b) a top student and vegetarian Many people choose the second, because the context of being vegetarian seems to fit the image of someone deeply concerned with sustainability. But statistically, the first is more likely. There are always more top students than vegetarian top students.
Yet for all its potential to trick, context more often serves as our mental shortcut to efficient understanding. Rather than memorizing every possible meaning of words and sentence patterns, we constantly use surrounding information to fill gaps. As linguist J.R. Firth observed, “You shall know a word by the company it keeps.” For example, in the sentence “My daughter was ferliamated when
she got a pet dog,” we can guess that “ferliamated” means “excited”, even if the word doesn’t exist.
This two-sided nature of context leads us to an important discovery about how our minds work. While we can discuss anything at any time in any context, it seems more likely that we talk about the things whose meaning lies in the same context. This offers exciting possibilities for understanding both the human mind and language itself—showing how communication depends not just on our thinking, but equally on how language is built to work with context.
28. Which image matches the description of the “runners” illusion
A B C D
29. Why do people often choose option (b) in the Belinda example
A. Top students often make greener choices.
B. Rich details override their logical thinking.
C. Personal experiences affect decision-making.
D. First impressions lead to their false judgment.
30. How do Firth’s quote and the “ferliamated” example support the author’s point
A. They show how context helps word understanding.
B. They prove that words can have random meanings.
C. They explain why memorizing words isn’t a shortcut.
D. They demonstrate what dictionaries can’t really clarify.
31. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The link between context and mind. B. The complex nature of context.
C. Talk topics within the same context. D. The research value of context.
D
As a psychology writer, I’ve come across hundreds of evidence-based tips for better thinking. Few have proven as useful as the ancient strategy of illeism—the practice of talking about oneself in the third person. To the modern ear, illeism can sound a little silly and we may even deride famous people who choose to talk that way. Yet recent research suggests that illeism can bring real benefits.
To understand why, we must examine how scientists measure wise reasoning. Igor Grossmann, a leading researcher in wisdom, identified qualities like humbleness, openness to others’ views and adaptability. In an early study, participants voiced responses to difficulties, while psychologists rated their answers. Grossmann found these tests better predicted life satisfaction and social relationship quality than IQ tests, suggesting the studies captured unique reasoning skills.
Grossmann’s later studies discovered that people’s wise reasoning can depend on the context—their scores tended to be much higher when considering others’ situations than their own. Grossmann called this “Solomon’s Paradox” after the king famous for giving others wise advice but making poor personal decisions. The problem seems to be that when making personal choices, emotions cloud our judgment. If a friend gives me negative feedback, for example, embarrassment might make me too defensive. I might therefore ignore their opinions without considering whether they could be helpful in the long-term.
Could illeism solve Solomon’s Paradox The idea makes sense: switching to the third person allows us to see the bigger picture, rather than getting caught up in our own feelings. Grossmann’s latest studies support this idea: participants who kept a third-person diary for a month showed greater wise reasoning gains than first-person writers. Illeism users also reported calmer responses to stressful events, suggesting a more balanced response to daily challenges.
Based on these findings, I now apply illeism to all decisions, small and big. I find that a few moments to view my problems from a third-person perspective helps me to see the issue more clearly.
32. What is the focus of Grossmann’s first study
A. How wise reasoning was assessed.
B. How psychologists rated social skills.
C. How IQ tests predicted life satisfaction.
D. How participants solved tough problems.
33. What is “Solomon’s Paradox”
A. An effective way to improve people’s reasoning.
B. A theory on how emotions affect decision-making.
C. The phenomenon that one is wiser when helping others.
D. The tendency of being overconfident when advising others.
34. Which group showed better emotional responses in Grossmann’s later study
A. Those writing to themselves. B. Those using third-person diaries.
C. Those having wise reasoning training. D. Those experiencing stressful events.
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The positive psychology of self-distancing
B. Social benefits of illeism in decision-making
C. Illeism: An ancient trick to help wise reasoning
D. Evidence-based solution to Solomon’s Paradox
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I was looking out of my window when I saw them—dozens of caterpillars (毛毛虫) crawling all over a lovely green plant in my garden. 36 In just a few days, only thin, weak stems remained. Finally, they turned into butterflies and flew off. I felt like a farmer whose field had been destroyed by pests.
37 Insect populations are declining globally at a rate of 1% to 2% each year. This is a huge problem, and any help is valuable. Many people are now “planting for helpers.” A recent survey found that a significant number of people are buying plants to support wildlife. This provides bees, butterflies and other flying insects with food from native wildflowers. But what about planting for plant-eaters Should we plant things hoping they will get eaten
I asked some experts. Mathew, an ecologist, says that insects that eat plants shouldn’t be called pests—they’re just plant-eaters. “My garden is primarily for insects,” he says. One plant that gardeners should consider growing for insects is milkweed. 38
Insects face many threats, like chemicals used to kill them on farms. 39 “We’re talking about small animals, so small areas do help,” says conservation biologist Sarah Shepherd. Studies show that simple decisions by gardeners can affect insect numbers.
The caterpillars returned this spring just like last year. But now, I watch them with hope. How strange! 40 This makes me wonder: What other “pests” have we gotten wrong And how much richer might our world be if we learned to welcome them
A. Sadly, my lovely plant never got better after that.
B. It’s the favorite food of Monarch butterfly babies.
C. Many believe small gardens require fewer chemical treatments.
D. However, I soon learned that this might not be as bad as it seemed.
E. These creatures I once thought were enemies might actually be guests.
F. It might seem like small gardens can’t make a difference, but they can.
G. I watched, with some horror, as these insects chewed the leaves to bits.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was a boy, I was good at math. I learned to 41 while playing cards. I repeatedly
42 the multiplication tables (乘法表) until I had them memorized. But high school maths was a different story. 43 , numbers became letters. Everything was so 44 . As I couldn’t see its use in life, the subject seemed 45 to me.
This was proven 46 , though, years later. I was working at a minimum-wage job, 47
to support my family. One day, I found myself with just 10 dollars in my wallet but the petrol tank on my old car was empty. I 48 at a convenience store and bought 5 dollars’ 49 of gas. As I waited in line to pay, I saw a woman 50 searching her purse for money to buy milk for her children. For a second, 51 held me back: My math told me I had nothing left. The next moment, however, my emotions urged me to offer her my last 5 dollars! I felt 52 . It didn’t make 53 sense to me, but I was sure this small sum of money made a big difference.
As I reflected later, I began to realize how math, in its own way, had guided my 54 . Math is much like love: the more we give, whether it’s our time or money, the more we receive. Finally, I was able to appreciate the 55 of math.
41. A. summarize B. interpret C. compare D. calculate
42. A. searched B. assessed C. consulted D. practised
43. A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Naturally D. Interestingly
44. A. familiar B. meaningful C. abstract D. practical
45. A. unfamiliar B. irrelevant C. important D. accessible
46. A. attractive B. effective C. useless D. wrong
47. A. afraid B. ready C. struggling D. supposed
48. A. pulled up B. settled down C. dropped in D. hung out
49. A. cost B. worth C. price D. interest
50. A. busily B. desperately C. carefully D. randomly
51. A. sympathy B. curiosity C. selfishness D. responsibility
52. A. uncomfortable B. guilty C. regretful D. strange
53. A. mathematical B. physical C. moral D. mental
54. A. decision B. growth C. past D. understanding
55. A. reality B. impact C. beauty D. challenge
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 1.8-meter-tall Tiangong Ultra made history by winning the 56 (world) first robot half-marathon in Beijing. Among the twenty robots, only six finished the tough 21km race, yet their efforts revealed tech advances unmatched by lab tests.
“This is more than just a race,” said Xiong Youjun, 57 Tiangong Ultra completed the course in 2 hours 40 minutes. “It’s about preparing robots for real-world challenges, like rough ground and mechanical stress.” The event was 58 unique testing ground: Shanghai’s Xingzhe-2 impressed with its 6-hour battery life, while another robot maintained balance even when pushed off course.
China’s robotics industry, already 59 (produce) over half of the world’s humanoids, is rapidly advancing toward its 2027 mass-production goals. 60 (afford) models are making the technology more accessible. However, the ultimate goal is more than just creating athletic machines that can run; it is to create intelligent machines that think like humans. “The real victory,” says Xiong, “will be 61 robots shift from showy tricks to everyday help.”
This change is underway. In 62 (factory), robots handle dangerous materials; in stores, they manage sorting tasks. Each tech advance 63 (bring) us closer to a future where humans and robots work together in homes, hospitals, and neighborhoods.
Tiangong Ultra’s win means more than just first place—it shows China’s methodical,
64 (determine) approach to technological advancement. Like marathon training, building capable robots means keeping going 65 difficulties. With each new idea, the finish line of practical, everyday robotic assistance comes clearer into view.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
你是学校英语俱乐部负责人李华。英国姐妹校学生将来访，俱乐部计划组织一次联谊活动。请给对方学生代表Mike写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．介绍计划；
2．征询建议。
注意：
写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Mike, I hope this email finds you well. Best regards, Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My 12-year-old daughter is smart, even sharper than I was at her age, but she just wouldn’t pick up a chapter book for fun. School books were tough for her, and when it came to free time, she stuck to picture books and listened to “Harry Potter” audiobooks. None of these really got her into deep reading, where you stare at words on paper and let your imagination fly.
For a while, I had to face the truth: I hadn’t passed on the joy of reading to her. I tried telling her how reading makes life richer, but she shrugged (耸肩) and said, “Lots of my friends don’t like reading either. It’s no big deal.”
Things went worse when she got a smartphone last year. Suddenly, my lively child became lazy, always on her phone. I suggested other fun activities, but she just found them “boring.” I still held out hope for reading, seeing it as a developmental escape. But the problem was that she chose the colorful, noisy world of her phone.
Then, right before we left for an 8-day holiday on a beautiful Greek island, we talked about reading again. “Novels are the best way to understand how people feel,” I told her. “I can learn more from social media,” she replied. I mentioned storytelling and history, and she said, “I can watch movies and use the internet.” I even promised to buy her any books she liked, but she smiled and said, “Mama, welcome to your dream.”
I realized I couldn’t win. She had good reasons and I couldn’t say she was wrong. Sure, reading opens up new worlds, but so does the whole internet. Still, deep down, I wished she’d experience the pure magic of reading—those special moments when an author says exactly what you’ve always felt but never knew how to express.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So, instead of talking more, I decided to offer a reward. By the end of the holiday, my daughter finished her book and asked for another.

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