UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2024山东泰安二模)
When Spanish meets English,new dialects emerge,giving us real-time insight into language evolution,linguists say.
For instance,“Vamos de punches punches punches”,Yamilet Munoz texted her friends in Austin,Texas.It means “let’s go and party”,but it’s not a phrase you’ll find in any dictionary.It’s a remix of Spanish and English words seasoned with an in-joke about punching the air as you dance.
“Our language has always been a very big indicator of our cultural pride,” says Munoz,whose parents migrated from Mexico to San Antonio,Texas,in the 1990s.Around 66% of the city’s population identify as Hispanic or Latino/Latina.For Munoz and her friends there is pride in speaking Spanish,but also in mixing the languages into the hybrid known as Spanglish.
The evolution of Spanglish has been documented for decades,with each generation adding its unique twist.Now a growing body of research,as well as the experiences of bilingual(双语的) speakers like Munoz,shows just how deeply English and Spanish are influencing each other in the United States,resulting in hybrid dialects like Spanglish,but also,transforming the underlying languages.
For the past decade,Carter and his colleagues have studied language change in Miami,a city where some 72% identify as Latino or Hispanic and which is strongly shaped by historical migration from Cuba.Their research documents the emergence of a distinct “Miami English” dialect as a result of that Spanish-language heritage.
The Spanish influence has also shown up in ways people may not immediately notice,such as sounds like the “oo” in “boot” being pronounced in a more Spanish-style way in Miami,more like the Spanish “u” vowel,according to separate research by Carter,Lydda Lopez Valdez at the University of Miami and Nandi Sims at Ohio State University.
“This is the work of language change;this is the work of dialect formation;this is how it happens.It happens in things that are really noticeable,like the phrase ‘get down from the car’,but it also happens in really slight ways,” he says.
1.Why is an example introduced in paragraph 2
A.To illustrate the language innovation.
B.To explain the advantage of Spanish.
C.To highlight the mix of Spanish and English.
D.To prove the enrichment of English vocabulary.
2.What can be inferred from Munoz and her friends
A.Spanish and English are interrelating.
B.Mixing two languages is complicated.
C.Languages dominate cultural development.
D.Bilingualists tend to observe their own culture.
3.What does Carter intend to convey
A.Dialects evolve flexibly and frequently.
B.Spanish possesses more sounds than English.
C.Phrases are changing more slowly than before.
D.Language change is progressive and dynamic.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.How Researchers Are Studying Languages.
B.How Modern English Is Changing Globally.
C.How a Generation Is Reinventing Spanglish.
D.How Spanglish Is Influencing American Culture.
B(2024江苏南通三模)
The language of Gaelic has been spoken in Scotland since at least the 10th century and was at one time the country’s main language,widespread in towns and cities across the nation.Since the union of Scotland and England in the early 18th century,though,it has been in decline.These days you are most likely to find native Gaelic speakers in the Highlands of Scotland,with concerns having been raised about the future of the language.
Now,a new initiative from Community cafe and Gaelic cultural centre seeks to turn the tide with the release of the first Gaelic edition of the board game Scrabble.
Titled Scrabble Gàidhlig,it contains only the 18 letters found in the Gaelic alphabet and includes the grave accent on vowels and .The frequency with which each letter appears has been reconsidered to reflect its usage in Gaelic,and scoring has been reformulated (重新设定) to reflect the respective ease and difficulty of using different letters in the language.
“We worked closely on the development of the new game with the team at An Taigh Cèilidh,who have done a fantastic job of localizing the material and ensuring that the game plays really well,” said CEO Jim Harrison.“I hope everyone enjoys playing it as much as we enjoyed making it.”
“It will help people improve their oral skills and the range of their vocabulary in Gaelic,” said McLeod,professor of Gaelic at the University of Edinburgh.“In particular,many Gaelic speakers are not very confident about their written Gaelic and Gaelic Scrabble could give them a valuable boost.It will be very helpful for Gaelic learners too.Gaelic spelling is very logical once you are familiar with the system,but it does take time to master it.”
Scrabble was invented in 1948 and has been common in the UK homes ever since,with about half of all households owning at least one set.It is sold in more than 120 countries and available in 28 languages and counting.
5.Why was Scrabble Gàidhlig invented
A.To help keep a declining language alive.
B.To add a new type to board games.
C.To help reunite the two countries.
D.To promote a language game.
6.What is discussed about Scrabble Gàidhlig in paragraph 3
A.Its origin.　　　　
B.Its feature.
C.Its advantage.
D.Its function.
7.How will Scrabble Gàidhlig benefit its users according to Prof McLeod
A.It will improve their language competence.
B.It will boost their confidence in socializing.
C.It will raise their interest in the board game.
D.It will enhance their hands-on ability.
8.What is the last paragraph intended to do
A.Add some background information.
B.Make some further predictions.
C.Raise a reasonable doubt.
D.Introduce a global trend.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分)
(2025河南驻马店模拟)
Dr Rebecca Bradford’s journey from leaving school at 15 to becoming a successful doctor is attracting many people’s attention.Her determination to　9　 herself has led to great achievements.
After Bradford dropped out of school because of a family tragedy (不幸),she began working in different jobs,which provided her with valuable life experience but not the 　10　 fulfillment she sought.Despite these early challenges,Bradford remained 　11　 to her personal development.She decided to pursue further 　12　 through alternative routes,driven by her deep-seated desire for self-growth and the contribution to society.
Bradford’s　13　 came after she registered adult education courses,eventually earning her GCSEs and passing her A levels,which helped her enter a 　14　,where she pursued a degree in medicine and then became a qualified doctor.“This is what I’m meant to 　15　 my life,” Dr Bradford said.
Bradford’s success shattered (粉碎) many 　16　.She said,“When I was young,I was 　17　 told I would amount to nothing.I got 　18　 of people telling me I couldn’t do things.I wanted to prove that people like me do 　19　 good things and that they can get jobs that are fulfilling and well-paid.”
Bradford’s experiences　20　 many who may feel disheartened by early academic failures.It reminds people that it is never too late to pursue one’s dreams.Her 　21　 from a school dropout to a respected doctor is a remarkable example of perseverance and self-belief.With determination and willingness to seize educational opportunities,individuals can 　22　 difficulties and achieve their dreams,regardless of their 　23　.
9.A.enjoy B.behave
C.reflect D.improve
10.A.regular B.different
C.academic D.sensitive
11.A.accustomed B.committed
C.adapted D.opposed
12.A.education B.analysis
C.support D.application
13.A.trouble B.agreement
C.breakthrough D.determination
14.A.contest B.university
C.business D.hospital
15.A.settle down B.turn into
C.do with D.rely on
16.A.dreams B.slights
C.emotions D.hobbies
17.A.quickly B.smoothly
C.constantly D.strangely
18.A.proud B.ashamed
C.glad D.sick
19.A.deserve B.need
C.obtain D.donate
20.A.test B.invite
C.comfort D.inspire
21.A.solution B.transformation
C.negotiation D.conversation
22.A.avoid B.discover
C.abandon D.overcome
23.A.starting point B.meeting point
C.turning point D.selling point
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分)
(2024安徽滁州二模)
“Language is naturally acquired when children are able to use it pleasurably,and language acquisition by children 24.　　　　　　(them) saves both time and labor,”said English-language education expert Chen Yaping.
Based 25.　　　　　　 observation and study,the professor at the School of English and International Studies at Beijing Foreign Studies University and director of its Child Language Research Centre,said Chinese children 26.　　　　　　(common) lack access to genuine English dialogues for learning and using 27.　　　　　　 language.
Chen 28.　　　　　　(suggest) that children make use of dialogues that meet actual daily needs and read 29.　　　　　　(grade) materials or picture books that match their cognitive (认知) level and interest and which are of practical use.
She said that reading is a shortcut to learning English in a foreign language environment,as quality reading materials introduce children to genuine dialogue they can reproduce in real-life 30.　　　　　　(conversation).
“Children read because they love to read,not because they are told that reading is important for learning English.We should allow them 31.　　　　　(give) up reading a book halfway through and pick up another one 32.　　　　　　 they are more interested in,” said Chen.
She added that relieving anxiety,making children feel safe,and allowing them to experience a sense of 33.　　　　　　(achieve) are vital to learning English.
答案：
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Spanglish(西班牙语和英语的混合语)的形成和演变,特别是新一代人是如何重新创造Spanglish的。
1.A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知,第二段中引入一个例子是为了说明语言的创新。
2.A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“For Munoz and her friends there is pride in speaking Spanish,but also in mixing the languages into the hybrid known as Spanglish.”和第四段的“Now a growing body of research...transforming the underlying languages.”可推知,Munoz和她的朋友们在说话中混合使用西班牙语和英语,这表明两种语言是相互关联的。故选A项。
3.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘This is the work of language change...in really slight ways,’ he says.”可推知,Carter想要传达的是语言变化是渐进的和动态的。故选D项。
4.C　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了Spanglish(西班牙语和英语的混合语)的形成和演变,特别是新一代人是如何重新创造Spanglish的。文章中提到,当西班牙语遇到英语时,新的方言就会出现,这为我们提供了语言演变的实时洞察。文章还通过Yamilet Munoz的例子,展示了Spanglish是如何在年轻人中流行的,并强调了这种语言混合现象在文化和身份认同中的重要性。因此,文章的最佳标题应该是C项。故选C项。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰盖尔语的历史现状,以及为促进该语言传承而推出的创新举措——首个盖尔语版拼字游戏Scrabble Gàidhlig的开发与意义。
5.A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Since the union of Scotland and England in the early 18th century,though,it has been in decline.”和第二段可知,Scrabble Gàidhlig的发明是为了帮助一种日渐衰落的语言保持活力。
6.B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,本段主要讨论了Scrabble Gàidhlig的特点。
7.A　细节理解题。根据文章第五段的“‘It will help people improve their oral skills and the range of their vocabulary in Gaelic,’ said McLeod,professor of Gaelic at the University of Edinburgh.”可知,Scrabble Gàidhlig将通过提高用户的口语技能和词汇范围来增强他们的语言能力。
8.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,最后一段增加了Scrabble的背景信息,说明自1948年发明以来,它在英国的普及程度以及它的全球影响力。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Rebecca Bradford从15岁辍学到成为一名成功医生的励志旅程,她的决心和不懈努力成就了她的伟大,也激励着其他人勇敢追梦。
9.D　根据下文“led to great achievements”可推知,Bradford决心提升自己,所以取得了巨大的成就。
10.C　根据上文“Dr Rebecca Bradford’s journey from leaving school at 15 to becoming a successful doctor is attracting many people’s attention.”和下文“she pursued a degree in medicine and then became a qualified doctor”可知,Bradford想要成为医生,追求的是学业上的满足,而不是辍学后其他工作带来的成就感。
11.B　根据上文“remained”和下文“She decided to pursue further 　　　through alternative routes”可知,Rebecca Bradford仍然没有放弃初心,致力于她的个人发展,决心继续接受教育;be/remain committed to“致力于”。故选B项。
12.A　根据下文“her deep-seated desire for self-growth”和“Bradford’s 　　　came after she registered adult education courses,eventually earning her GCSEs and passing her A levels”可知,Bradford决定通过其他途径继续接受教育。
13.C　根据下文“after she registered adult education courses,eventually earning her GCSEs and passing her A levels”可知,Bradford注册成人教育课程后,取得了突破,进入了大学。故选C项。
14.B　根据下文“where she pursued a degree in medicine”可知,Bradford进入了一所大学攻读医学学位。故选B项。
15.C　根据上文“She decided to pursue further 　　　through alternative routes,driven by her deep-seated desire for self-growth and the contribution to society.”和“where she pursued a degree in medicine and then became a qualified doctor”可知,Rebecca Bradford一直在追求自我提升,所以学医并成为医生就是她要做的事情,是她想要的人生。
16.B　根据下文“When I was young,I was 　　　told I would amount to nothing.I got 　　　of people telling me I couldn’t do things.”可知,Rebecca Bradford年轻的时候,很多人轻视她,所以她成功粉碎了那些人对她的轻蔑和轻视。故选B项。
17.C　根据下文“told I would amount to nothing”和“people telling me I couldn’t do things”可知,Rebecca Bradford年轻的时候,人们不断告诉她,她将一事无成。
18.D　根据下文“I wanted to prove that people like me...”可推知,Bradford厌倦了别人告诉她她不能做某事,所以想要去证明自己;get sick of“厌倦”。故选D项。
19.A　根据下文“they can get jobs that are fulfilling and well-paid”可知,Bradford想要证明像自己这样的人也值得拥有好东西,即有意义且高薪的工作。
20.D　根据下文“many who may feel disheartened by early academic failures”和“It reminds people that it is never too late to pursue one’s dreams.”可知,Rebecca Bradford的经历激励了许多可能因早期学业失败而感到沮丧的人,提醒人们追求梦想永远为时不晚。
21.B　根据下文“from a school dropout to a respected doctor”可知,这是Bradford从一个辍学学生到受人尊敬的医生的转变。
22.D　根据下文“achieve their dreams”可知,只要有决心就能克服困难,实现梦想。
23.A　根据上文“Dr Rebecca Bradford’s journey from leaving school at 15 to becoming a successful doctor”可知,Rebecca Bradford从15岁辍学到成为成功医生的经历说明只要有决心,愿意抓住教育机会,无论起点如何,都可以克服困难,实现梦想。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语教育专家陈亚平提出的儿童英语学习方法,强调了让孩子们享受学习英语的过程,并提出了利用符合实际需要和实用性的对话和阅读材料来促进英语学习的方法。同时,她还强调了缓解焦虑、让孩子们感到安全和成就感对于英语学习的重要性。
24.themselves　考查代词。分析句子,此处表示“孩子们自己”,故使用反身代词。故填themselves。
25.on　考查介词。based on为固定短语,意为“以……为基础”。故填on。
monly　考查词性转换。分析句子可知,设空处修饰动词lack,使用common的副词作状语,故填commonly。
27.the　考查冠词。句中language为可数名词,此处表示特指,设空处使用定冠词。故填the。
28.suggested　考查动词的时态。分析句子可知,设空处使用动词作谓语,根据后文的she said可知,句子表述过去事实,故使用一般过去时。故填suggested。
29.graded　考查词性转换。分析句子可知,设空处修饰名词materials,意为“分等级的”,用形容词作定语,故填graded。
30.conversations　考查名词复数形式。分析句子可知,设空处使用名词作宾语,conversation为可数名词,此处表示复数意义。故填conversations。
31.to give　考查非谓语动词。句意:我们应该允许他们放弃读到一半的书,拿起另一本他们更感兴趣的书。 allow sb to do sth“允许某人去做某事”,故填to give。
32.that　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导的是定语从句,先行词one被不定代词another修饰,引导词用that,故填that。
33.achievement　考查词性转换。分析句子可知,设空处作宾语,故填achievement。
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