UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2024湖南师大附中三模)
While Instagram’s impact on teenage girls’ body image made the news recently,few have thought about its effect on teenage boys and young men.The masculine (男子汉的) body ideal has become increasingly large and more muscular in recent years.Given these pressures,a third of teenage boys report trying to bulk up (增肌).
Social media use is linked to muscle and height dissatisfaction in young men.Boys using social media are more likely to think about using harmful muscle-enhancing products.The pressure to become muscular can lead to muscle dysmorphia (健身成瘾症),which is when individuals become absorbed in the idea that their bodies are too small and not muscular enough.Like common eating disorders among teenagers,muscle dysmorphia can significantly worsen a teen’s physical and mental health.
Because of social media,boys’ bodies are on display now more than ever,especially through influencers’ pared to female selfies (自拍照) which are more likely to feature faces,male selfies are more likely to be full-body photos:An analysis of 1,000 male full-body Instagram posts showed that a majority portrayed muscularity,and that images featuring this body type received significantly more likes and comments.Boys who view or post content related to fitness or muscularity on social media are subsequently flooded with other images of bulking teens,leading to an unhealthy cycle of constantly comparing their body with others and possible social media addiction.
While lawmakers debate potential government regulation of social media,concerned parents can start having conversations with their teens and discourage content that makes teens feel worse about themselves.They can also help relieve social media addiction by encouraging their kids to turn off updates,by having social media-free time (such as during family meals) and by having teens keep phones away from their beds while sleeping.Boys suffering from body image anxiety often experience delays in diagnosis and treatment.Parents need to be aware that the negative impact of social media isn’t only impacting their daughters but their sons as well.
1.What is the influence of social media on teenage boys
A.Their dissatisfaction with their look.
B.Their wish to be covered by the media.
C.Their falling victim to eating disorders.
D.Their addiction to using harmful products.
2.Why is the analysis mentioned in paragraph 3
A.To showcase the popularity of Instagram.
B.To compare the gender differences on selfies.
C.To illustrate features of some desirable body types.
D.To explain boys’ motivation for posting full-body photos.
3.What is the author’s key message in paragraph 4
A.Parenting matters more than law-making.
B.Boys’ body shame requires parents’ attention.
C.The use of social media does no good to boys.
D.The appearance anxiety is not easy to be cured.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Ideal Body Shape Is Not Built In One Day
B.Selfies Out Of Sight,Anxiety Out Of Mind
C.To Be Muscular Or Not.That Is The Question
D.Muscular Body Figure,Poisonous Social Media
B(2024福建福州一模)
Scientists have found a way to decode (解码) a stream of words in the brain using MRI scans and artificial intelligence.The system reconstructs the main point of what a person hears or imagines,rather than trying to copy each word,a team reports.“It’s getting at the ideas behind the words,the meaning,”says Alexander Huth,an author of the study.
Previous efforts to decode language have relied on sensors placed directly on the surface of the brain.The sensors detect signals in areas involved in expressing words.But the Texas team’s approach is an attempt to “decode more freeform thought,” says Marcel Just,a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University.
The new study came about as part of an effort to understand how the brain processes language.Researchers had three people spend up to 16 hours each in a functional MRI scanner,which detects signs of activity across the brain.Participants wore headphones that streamed audio from the Internet.Those streams of words produced activity all over the brain,not just in areas associated with speech and language.After participants listened to hours of stories in the scanner,the MRI data was sent to a computer.It learned to match specific patterns of brain activity with certain streams of words.Then came a paraphrased version of what a participant heard.
The MRI approach is currently slower and less accurate than an experimental communication system being developed for paralyzed people,where people get a sheet of electrical sensors implanted directly on the surface of the brain.With an MRI-based system,no one has to get surgery.
But future versions of MRI scans could raise moral questions.“What if you can read out the word that somebody is just thinking in their head That’s potentially a harmful thing,”Huth says.This technology can’t really read minds uncontrollably,though.It only works when a participant is actively cooperating with scientists.Still,systems that decode language could someday support people who are unable to speak because of a brain injury or disease.They are also assisting scientists in understanding how the brain processes words and thoughts.
5.What is special about the Texas team’s study
A.Brain can be reconstructed.
B.Sensor signals can be improved.
C.Expression can be perfected.
D.Meanings can be comprehended.
6.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The way of speech decoding.
B.Steps of word matching.
C.The process of an experiment.
D.Patterns of brain activity.
7.What can be implied about MRI scans from the last paragraph
A.They are a double-edged sword.
B.They are potentially harmful to life.
C.They are well worth researching.
D.They are helpful to treat brain disease.
8.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.A Decoder That Can Convey Meaning
B.A Decoder That Can Read Your Mind
C.MRI Scanner:Still a Long Way to Go
D.MRI Scanner:Bridge a Message Gap
C(2025河北邯郸模拟)
Researchers have discovered over 300 new ancient drawings in the Nazca Desert in Peru using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and drones (无人机).The pictures were made by the Nazca people who lived in the area over 2,000 years ago.
The Nazca Lines are a famous group of huge ancient drawings in the desert in southern Peru.These geoglyphs (地画) include many different kinds of designs,from simple shapes to pictures of animals and plants,usually drawn with a single long,winding line.Many of these lines are extremely long and can only be fully seen from the air.
Since their discovery in 1927,scientists have found around 430 geoglyphs.Now,using AI and drones,researchers have found 303 new geoglyphs in just six months.Most of the new geoglyphs are smaller than the previously discovered ones and are roughly 30 feet (9 meters) in length.Many of the new geoglyphs seem to show humans as well as animals,including some unusual scenes.
To find these new geoglyphs,scientists trained a special AI program to analyze satellite images for likely geoglyphs.After spending over 2,600 hours looking at places suggested by the AI,they took lots of pictures with drones and also worked on the ground in Peru to confirm the locations.Despite the many mistakes made by AI,the new method significantly sped up the discovery process compared to traditional methods.
Johny Isla,who is in charge of studying the Nazca Lines for Peru,noted that what used to take three or four years can now be done in two or three days.Researchers are still trying to figure out what the geoglyphs mean.Masato Sakai,who led the research,says the new discoveries are helping scientists learn more.
One significant finding is a system of paths in the Nazca Desert not far from groups of the smaller geoglyphs.The researchers believe these paths were made by the Nazca people walking through the desert,suggesting that the smaller geoglyphs were meant to be seen by travelers.The way these smaller geoglyphs are grouped together may be key to understanding them.
9.What can we know about the Nazca Lines according to the first two paragraphs
A.They include a variety of designs.
B.They can be fully seen on the ground.
C.They were created by modern artists.
D.They were found over 2,000 years ago.
10.What does the author intend to show in paragraph 4
A.The process of finding new geoglyphs.
B.The cultural practices of the Nazca people.
C.The historical significance of the Nazca Lines.
D.The accuracy of AI in analyzing satellite images.
11.What does Johny Isla think of the new method using AI and drones
A.Unnecessary.　　　B.Efficient.
C.Wasteful. D.Flexible.
12.What could be a suitable title for this text
A.The Mystery of the Nazca Desert
B.Ancient Art Connects the Past and Present
C.Modern Tools Help Find Ancient Nazca Lines
D.Technological Advancements in Art Creation
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分)
(2024江苏苏州八校三模)
Confidence plays a very important role in people’s life.It gives people light when they are in dark and encouragement when they are discouraged.It is the first step on the road to success.People who look confident seem to grab more rewarding careers,maintain better relationships,and may make miracles in the face of insurmountable (不可逾越的) difficulties.
So what is the secret of confidence In fact,there is no secret.Self-confidence is a skill and habit that everyone can learn to develop.　13　 You can try these simple tips for practicing and increasing our confidence levels.
First,dare to fail.Anybody who’s out there genuinely striving is going to fail repeatedly.　14　Only when we face up to our difficulties can we build up our confidence and give ourselves a chance of success.
　15　 You don’t have to be beautiful to be confident.Make the most of your own unique strengths and pay less attention to your weaknesses so that you know you’re giving out your best image.
Third,listen to yourself;do not look down on yourself.You are the only person who knows what is right for yourself.　16　
Last,build a confidence vocabulary.Stop putting yourself down,and quit constantly mentioning your tiny flaws.Learn to highlight your positive qualities and the world will learn to see and appreciate them too.
Confidence is a plant that grows slowly.　17　 Only when we have enough confidence in ourselves can we take the first step on the road to success.
A.It is built,not inborn.
B.Second,dress your success.
C.If you are not failing,you are not trying.
D.Second,neglect your drawbacks completely.
E.Don’t put others’ opinion above your own inner voice.
F.It encourages us to go to great lengths to achieve our goals.
G.We should build confidence through constant and patient effort.
参考答案
UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE(一)
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了社交媒体对男性造成的身材压力。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段中的“Social media use is linked to muscle and height dissatisfaction in young men.”可知,社交媒体让十几岁的男生对自己的外表产生不满。故选A项。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Compared to female selfies which are more likely to feature faces,male selfies are more likely to be full-body photos:An analysis of 1,000 male full-body Instagram posts showed that a majority portrayed muscularity,and that images featuring this body type received significantly more likes and comments.”可知,这个分析表明,大多数男性的自拍都展示了肌肉发达的形象,而这种体型照片获得了更多的点赞和评论,由此可推测出,作者提到这个分析只为了解释男性发布这类全身照的动机,即获得点赞和评论。故选D项。
3.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“While lawmakers debate potential government regulation of social media,concerned parents can start having conversations with their teens and discourage content that makes teens feel worse about themselves.”和“Boys suffering from body image anxiety often experience delays in diagnosis and treatment.Parents need to be aware that the negative impact of social media isn’t only impacting their daughters but their sons as well.”可知,本段主要表达的是:对于那些受到社交媒体影响而对自己身体形象产生焦虑的男孩,父母需要进行及时关注。故选B项。
4.D　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中的“While Instagram’s impact on teenage girls’ body image made the news recently,few have thought about its effect on teenage boys and young men.The masculine body ideal has become increasingly large and more muscular in recent years.”和第二段中的“Social media use is linked to muscle and height dissatisfaction in young men.”可知,本文主要讲述的是社交媒体使得男性对自身身材产生焦虑这一现象,他们愈来愈追逐肌肉发达的身材。所以D项“肌肉发达的身材,有毒的社交媒体”最能概括本文。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过核磁共振扫描和人工智能来解码大脑中的单词流,这项新研究是为了了解大脑如何处理语言。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘It’s getting at the ideas behind the words,the meaning,’says Alexander Huth,an author of the study.”以及第二段可知,得克萨斯研究小组的研究的特别之处是“意思可以被理解”。
6.C　主旨大意题。根据第三段“The new study came about...Then came a paraphrased version of what a participant heard.”可知,第三段的主要内容是实验的过程。
7.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still,systems that decode language could someday support people who are unable to speak because of a brain injury or disease.They are also assisting scientists in understanding how the brain processes words and thoughts.”可知,核磁共振扫描非常值得研究。
8.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Scientists have found a way to decode a stream of words in the brain using MRI scans and artificial intelligence.”并结合文章主要说明了科学家通过核磁共振扫描和人工智能来解码大脑中的单词流,这项新研究是为了了解大脑如何处理语言可知,B项“一个能读懂你的心的解码器”最适合作文章标题。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用人工智能和无人机在秘鲁Nazca沙漠发现超过300幅新古代地画的过程,揭示这些地画对理解古代Nazca文化的重要性及其对现代考古学的贡献。
9.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These geoglyphs (地画) include many different kinds of designs,from simple shapes to pictures of animals and plants,usually drawn with a single long,winding line.”可知,这些地画包括许多不同的设计,从简单的形状到动物和植物的图画。
10.A　推理判断题。根据第四段“To find these new geoglyphs...the discovery process compared to traditional methods.”可知,第四段详细描述了科学家使用人工智能和无人机找到新地画的过程,包括分析卫星图像、拍摄照片以及地面验证。
11.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Johny Isla,who is in charge of studying the Nazca Lines for Peru,noted that what used to take three or four years can now be done in two or three days.”可知,Johny Isla指出,过去需要三到四年才能完成的工作现在可以在两到三天内完成。由此推知,他认为使用人工智能和无人机的新方法是高效的。
12.C　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段可知,文章主要介绍了在Nazca沙漠中发现新的古代图画,这些发现是在现代技术 (AI和无人机)的帮助下实现的。由此可知,“Modern Tools Help Find Ancient Nazca Lines”可以概括本文主题,适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自信永远是一个人最宝贵的品质,但是自信并不是与生俱来的,它需要你克服困难来培养。
13.A　根据上文“In fact,there is no secret.Self-confidence is a skill and habit that everyone can learn to develop.”可知,自信是可以后天培养的,与A项“It is built,not inborn.”一致,符合文意。
14.C　根据上文“Anybody who’s out there genuinely striving is going to fail repeatedly.”可知,努力不一定会成功,会有失败,没有尝试过就不会有失败,与C项“If you are not failing,you are not trying.”一致,符合文意。
15.B　根据下文“You don’t have to be beautiful to be confident.Make the most of your own unique strengths and pay less attention to your weaknesses so that you know you’re giving out your best image.”可知,本段主要讲述了要展示自己最好的形象,要会打扮,与B项“Second,dress your success.”一致,符合文意,故选B项。
16.E　根据上文“Third,listen to yourself;do not look down on yourself.You are the only person who knows what is right for yourself.”可知,要倾听自己内心的声音,而不是他人的,与E项“Don’t put others’ opinion above your own inner voice.”一致,符合文意,故选E项。
17.G　根据上文“Confidence is a plant that grows slowly.”可知,自信要慢慢地建立起来,与G项“We should build confidence through constant and patient effort.”一致,符合文意,故选G项。
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