初中英语语法 之 定语从句
定义
定语：用来修饰名词、代词的词或短语
beautiful girl 形容词
three students 数词
woman teacher 名词
nothing to worry about 不定式短语
定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子
句子结构：先行词+关系词+从句
定语从句
I like the music [that I can dance to]. 我喜欢我能随之而舞的音乐。
先行词 关系词
先行词：定语从句修饰的名词或者代词（在定语从句之前）
关系词：连接主句和从句的词（紧跟先行词）
关系词的作用：连接从句，充当定语从句成分，代替先行词
定语从句的分类
定语从句的分类
限定性定语从句：无逗号，从句是主句不可缺少的部分。
My sister[who is 26] is a nurse.
我26岁的姐姐是一名护士。
非限定性定语从句：有逗号，主句完整，从句是补充说明。
My sister is a nurse，[who is 26]. 我的姐姐是一名护士，26岁。
关系词
关系代词
关系代词 关系形容词
that which who whom whose
指代 人/物 物 人 人
成分 主/宾 主/宾 主/宾 宾 定
意思 ...的
使用 从句缺少主语或宾语时 句子完整 后有名词
1、充当主语/宾语 2、当定语whose“的”
人 物
做题步骤：ABC
①找A 先行词
②选B 关系词
③减C 减去同义词（相同成分）
④如果不是，就选关系形容词或关系副词
小牛试刀 选择合适的关系词并判断在句中的成分（主、宾、定、状）
I have an apple _________is green. （ ）
I know a man__________is a doctor.（ ）
This is the place _______we visited last time.（ ）
I know the man _________you just talked with.（ ）
I like the girl ______hair are black and long.（ ）
This is the school ______my mother works.（ ）
关系副词
关系副词
when where why
指代 时间 地点 原因
成分 状 状 状
意思
使用 句子完整时
I still remember the day when my sister was born.
on which =on that day
小试牛刀
I will never forget those years I lived on the farm.
I have been to the place the Indians lives.
This is the reason he can’t come to the meeting.
Do you know the nearest place which is famous its beautiful natural scenery in our town.
When don’t know the exact time they will return.
四、特殊用法（有戴一双特高靴）
先行词只能用that引导，不用which引导
there be 句型（关系代词指物）
e.g. There are some books that I am found of. 这有一些我喜欢书。
不定代词做先行词（all,anything, everything, nothing,something,little,much等）
e.g. There is nothing that I can say about it. 我没什么可说的了。
当主句是以who，which或what开头的疑问词。
e.g. Who is the man that is waiting at the school gate
先行词即有人又有物
e.g. They talked about the people and places that they had visited.
他们谈论他们拜访过的人和去过和地方。
先行词被表示特指唯一的词修饰，如 the only , the same, the one等
e.g. The only thing that we can do is to ask the teacher for help.
我们能做的唯一的一件事情就是向老师寻求帮助。
先行词被形容词最高级修饰
e.g. This is the most interesting movies that I have ever watched.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影
先行词被序数词修饰（first，second，last等修饰）
e.g. This is the first letter that I’ve written in English. 这是我用英语写的第一封信
五、将两个句子合成有定语从句的复合句。
注意:需要先考虑先行词是人还是物;然后考虑关系代词在从句中的成分（主语、宾语、定语和状语）
The boy is Tim. The boy is good at singing.
The boy________________ Tom.
2、Xiangxi is a famous city. The city is famous for natural scenery and rich cultural heritage.
Xiangxi is a famous city ________________________________________________.
3、I love reading the book. Its name is Little Women.
I love reading the book ________________________
4、你记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗
Do you remember the day ____________________________
5.这是我没有参加会议的原因。
This is the reason ____________________________.
专项练习
一、选择题
1.The man ______ is talking to our teacher is Betty's father.
A. which B. whom C. who D. what
2.I like the book ______ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. whose D. where
3.It is the third time _________ you have made the same mistake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
4.The girl ______ we saw yesterday is Tom's sister.
A. which B. whose C. who D. what
5.The doctor ______ you are looking for is in the room.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. where
6.Rome is an ancient city ________ full of places of interest.
A.where is B.which is C.which are D.that are
7.I still remember the days ______ we spent together.
A. which B. when C. where D. whose
8.The man ______ hair is white is my grandfather.
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
9.This is the school ______ I studied three years ago.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
10.The reason ______ he was late was that he got up late.
A. which B. why C. that D. when
二、用适当的关系词填空
1.The boy ______ is playing football is my classmate.
2.The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
3.This is the house ______ Lu Xun once lived.
4.The woman ______ you saw just now is my aunt.
5.Do you know the man ______ is talking to our teacher
6.I'll never forget the day ______ I met you.
7.The place ______ we visited last week is very beautiful.
8.This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.
9.The man ______ car was stolen called the police.
10.She has a friend ______ father is a doctor.
三、翻译下面句子
1. The magazine___________________________ (我昨天买的) is very interesting.
2. The boy ______________________________（正在吃午饭的) is my brother.
3. Do you know the teacher ____________________________ (名字是 Ms. Zhang)
4. He is the kind of people______________________________(喜欢帮助别人的).
5.I like to make friends with people ____________________________(喜欢旅游的).
四、完成句子
1．I like music. The music is loud and exciting. (合并成一个句子)
2．She loves movies. The movies are romantic. (合并成一个句子)
3．Tony likes music. He can dance to the music. (合并成一个句子)
4．We know Lu Xun. He wrote many famous books. (合并成一个句子)
5．I like groups. The groups are energetic. (合并成一个句子)
五、语法选择&短文填空
（2023·广东广州·统考二模）
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, died at the age of 91 in Changsha in May 2021, 21 his legacy lives on, most recently with the successful development of the “huge rice”. It is twice as tall as common rice 22 is usually about one meter tall.
21.A.and B.but C.so D.or
22.A.which B.who C.whom D.whose
（2023·吉林长春·统考模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For the past 20 years, the Touching China Annual People Award has honored people from all walks of life across the country. They are people 36 make us feel warm with their actions.

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