Unit 3 Traditional skills
被动语态(1)
(时间:40分钟,满分:100分)
被动语态的概念和结构
(1) 被动语态的概念和基本结构:be done
语态也是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
如图示:
如: We speak English in class . 我们在课堂上说英语. 主语 谓语 宾语 如: English is spoken by us in class. 宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟 主语 谓语
(2)被动语态的基本结构:
1.肯定结构:主语(动作的承受着)+ be + 过去分词 (+ by(被,由的意思) + 动作的执行者)
若是代词,用其宾格形式
例:Apple trees are planted in the north.
2.否定结构:主语+be + not +过去分词(vt)+(by+宾语)
→Apple trees aren't planted in the south.
3.一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词(vt)+(by+宾语)?
→Are they made in China Yes, they are.
→Was the museum built in 1993
4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(vt)?
→What is the machine used for
被动语态人称,数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
一般现在时:is/am/are +done The classroom is cleaned every day.
一般过去时:was/were +done The letter was written yesterday .
一般将来时:will/shall be + done (am/is/are going to be done ) A new building will be built next year .
一、单项选择(本大题共50小题,每小题2分,共100分)
1.Look! The roof ________ fallen leaves.
A.is covered with B.covered with
C.is covered D.covered
2.—Why do you often have lunch in this restaurant
—As soon as I sit down, hot tea ________.
A.serves B.is serving C.served D.is served
3.—The Olympic Games ________every four years.
—So is the World Cup.
A.are held B.were held
C.are holding D.will hold
4.She is often seen ________ basketball on the playground.
A.play B.to play C.plays D.playing
5.People ________ to write letters, but now the Internet is widely________.
A.used; using B.are used; using C.are used; used D.used; used
6.How wonderful the dance is! It ________ the pow-wow.
A.calls B.will call C.is called D.has called
7.Be careful! The bowl ________ with soup. It’s too hot.
A.fill B.is filled C.is filling D.fills
8.It will take only 30 minutes from Taixing to Changzhou after Changtai Yangtze River Railway Bridge ________ next year.
A.is built B.will be built C.builds D.will build
9.—Excuse me, sir. You ________ to smoke here. Look at the sign “No smoking”.
—Sorry. I didn’t see it.
A.aren’t allowed B.weren’t allowed C.don’t allow
10.—Mom, can I watch my favorite cartoon tonight
—Of course. You can watch it when your homework ________.
A.finishes B.is finished C.has finished D.will be finished
11.—How beautiful this kind of computer is! Where did you buy it
—It ________ in that shop. It sells well.
A.sells B.is selling C.is sold D.was selling
12.In our community, many charity activities ________ to help people in need.
A.plan B.are planning C.are planned
13.Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world now.
A.is spoken B.is speaking C.speaks
14.Newly-born babies ________ in hospital.
A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of C.take good care of D.take good care
15.You mustn’t smoke here because it ________ to smoke in the library.
A.is allowed B.is not allowed C.doesn’t allow D.allows
16.When the natural park ________, it will be a good place for people to relax.
A.is completed B.has completed C.completes D.will be completed
17.No nets by Wang Damin for this type of fishing.
A.is used B.are repaired C.is made D.are required
18.A lot of trees ________ along the river last year.
A.planted B.are planted C.plant D.were planted
19.— Who ________ the book The Call of the Wild ________
— Jack London, one of the greatest American novelists.
A.was; written by B.was; written from
C.did; write D.did; written by
20.—When ________ this kind of watch ________
—Last year.
A.did, invent B.was, invented
C.is, invented D.would, invent
21.—Alice, why were you not home when I called you last night
—I ________ to go to Tom’s birthday party.
A.am asked B.have asked C.was asked D.had asked
22.China’s third aircraft carrier (航空母舰) ________ after Fujian province. It was completely designed and built by China.
A.named B.is named C.was named
23.—Who ________ the electric light lamp ________
—Edison.
A.was; invented B.is; invented C.was; invented by D.did; invented by
24.—Laiwu has developed a lot in the last few years.
—Yes. And the high-speed rail ________ in 2020
A.completes B.was completed C.will be completed D.will complete
25.—Why have I never seen this kind of 5G mobile phone
—Because it ________ by HUAWEI last week.
A.has produced B.produced C.was produced D.is produced
26.— Have you heard that Shenzhou-16 ________ up into space successfully on May 30th, 2023
— Yes! As a Chinese student, I feel really proud of our country.
A.has sent B.send C.was sent D.will be sent
27.—Wow, 2023 Friendship Forest Tree Planting Activity was a great success!
—Yes. On that day many trees ________ for a better environment.
A.plant B.were planted C.planted D.are planted
28.—Why hasn’t Tony come
—The invitation message ________ to Toby by accident. I was so careless.
A.sent B.has sent C.is sent D.was sent
29.The medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo ________ from 100% recycled material.
A.are making B.have made C.were made D.made
30.The kite __________ in China more than 2000 years ago.
A.was invented B.invented C.is invented D.was invent
31.—Look! There is a ________ here. It says the bridge is dangerous.
—Sure it is. The bridge ________ about fifty years ago and it is very old now.
A.map; was built B.map; has been built
C.warning sign; has been built D.warning sign; was built
32.—Did you attend the meeting in Paris
—No, I ________.
A.am not invited B.wasn’t invited C.haven’t invited D.didn’t invite
33.The man was seriously hurt in the accident and he ________ hospital at once.
A.took B.will take C.is taken to D.was taken to
34.Damin ________ to make a programme about cormorant fishing yesterday.
A.chose B.was choosing C.was chosen D.chosen
35.A red-crown crane is a song that ________ in memory of Xu Xiujuan.
A.write B.wrote C.writes D.was written
36.The birthday cake was quickly ________ by the children.
A.eat up B.ate up C.eating up D.eaten up
37.The cruel man ________ for murder.
A.hanged B.hung C.was hanged D.was hung
38.Mr. Brown ________ to the park this morning.
A.saw go B.was seen going C.was seen to go
39.________ teaching building ________ in our school last year
A.Was...built B.Is...built C.Does... built D.Were...built
40.The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou in September 2022. I can’t wait!
A.were held B.will be C.have held D.are held
41.—What about the preparation for the party next week
—Well, all problems ________ soon.
A.are going to be discussed B.will discuss
C.are going to discuss D.have been discussed
42.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success ________.
A.will be rewarded, in the end
B.were rewarded, in the end
C.will reward, at the end
D.were rewarded, at the end
43.I think the mountains __________ with trees in a few years’ time.
A.are covered B.will be covered C.are covering D.will cover
44.Water ________ ice if the weather is below zero.
A.will be turned off B.will be turned to
C.will be turned into D. will be turned up
45.A lecture on the development in science and technology ________ in the hall next Monday.
A.was given B.will be given C.is given D.will give
46.According to the local government, lots of new railways _______ in the next five years.
A.built B.will build C.will be built D.have been built
47.If everyone is ready for the work, it __________ easily.
A.will be finished B.is finished C.are finished D.will finish
48.—Where will you put the key when you leave
—It ________ on the desk.
A.has left B.was left C.will be left D.has been left
49.His new book ________ next month.
A.will be published B.is published C.has been published
50.It’s reported that Nanjing Metro Line 7 ________ in the near future.
A.will complete B.completes C.was completed D.will be completed
参考答案:
1.A
【详解】句意:看!屋顶上覆盖着落叶。
考查动词时态及语态。cover...with...“用……覆盖……”,动词短语,所以此处应用被动语态;根据“Look!”可知,句子时态为一般现在时,主语为“The roof”,所以此处应用动词的三单形式。故选A。
2.D
【详解】句意:——你为什么经常在这家餐厅吃午饭?——我一坐下,热茶就端上来了。
考查被动语态。句子陈述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语tea和谓语动词serve之间是被动关系,因此要用被动语态; 一般现在时的被动语态结构为“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”,主语为不可数名词,be动词用is,故选D。
3.A
【详解】句意:——奥运会每四年举行一次。——世界杯也是。
考查被动语态。主语The Olympic Games和谓语hold之间是被动关系,根据“every four years”可知句子用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done。故选A。
4.B
【详解】句意:人们经常看到她在操场上打篮球。
考查被动语态。play玩;to play玩,动词不定式;plays玩,动词三单;playing玩,动名词或现在分词。see sb. do sth.“看见某人做某事”,表示做某事的全过程;see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。根据“She is often seen...basketball on the playground.”可知,此处表示看见打篮球的全过程,用see sb. do sth.,后接不带to的不定式作宾语;此处是被动语态,表示“她”被看到,转为被动语态时,要还原to。故选B。
5.D
【详解】句意:人们过去常常写信,但现在互联网被广泛使用。
考查固定句式和被动语态。根据“but now”可知前后句之间有对比的意思,且语意上表示转折,后一句说的是现在,那么前一句说的是过去,used to“过去常常”,此处表达人们过去常常写信,后一句主语是“the Internet”,与谓语动词是被动关系,用一般现在时的被动语态,动词用过去分词形式。故选D。
6.C
【详解】句意:舞蹈多精彩啊!它被称为帕瓦仪式。
考查被动语态。主语it代指这个舞蹈,和动词call“称为”之间是被动关系,且描述的是事实情况,应用一般现在时的被动语态,故选C。
7.B
【详解】句意:小心!碗里装满了汤。它太热了。
考查被动语态。主语the bowl和谓语动词fill之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态,其谓语结构为“be+done”,be filled with“充满”符合语境,故选B。
8.A
【详解】句意:明年长泰长江铁路桥建成后,从泰兴到常州只需30分钟。
考查动词时态。此处为时间状语从句,且主句表达将来含义,遵循“主将从现”原则,分析句子结构可知,Changtai Yangtze River Railway Bridge与谓语build之间是被动关系,故此处是一般现在时的被动语态be done。故选A。
9.A
【详解】句意:——对不起,先生,这里不允许吸烟。看那个禁止吸烟的标志。——对不起。我没有看到。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语You“你”和动词allow“允许”之间为被动关系;根据语境可知,此处表示当下的状态,时态为一般现在时,且为否定形式。所以此处结构应为“aren’t done”。故选A。
10.B
【详解】句意:——妈妈,今晚我能看我最喜欢的动画片吗?——当然。作业完成后你可以看。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“You can watch it when your homework...”可知,句子要用一般现在时,且your homework与finish之间是被动关系,故选B。
11.C
【详解】句意:——这种电脑多漂亮啊!你在哪里买的?——它在那家店里售卖。它卖得很好。
考查动词时态与语态。sells售卖,一般现在时;is selling正在售卖,现在进行时;is sold被售出,一般现在时的被动语态;was selling正在售卖,过去进行时。根据“It sells well.”可知,时态为一般现在时;主语“It”与动词sell是被动关系,所以此空是一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
12.C
【详解】句意:在我们社区,计划开展许多慈善活动来帮助有需要的人。
考查被动语态。“many charity activities”和“plan”是逻辑上的动宾关系,这里需要用被动语态,其结构为be+done,故选C。
13.A
【详解】句意:现在世界上讲汉语的人越来越多了。
考查语态。根据“by more and more people”以及“Chinese”和“speak”之间为被动关系可知,需用被动语态be done,故选A。
14.B
【详解】句意:新生婴儿在医院受到很好的照顾。
考查动词短语及被动语态。主语“Newly-born babies”与谓语之间是动宾关系,用被动语态,这里主语是短语take good care of的逻辑宾语,of不可省。故选B。
15.B
【详解】句意:你不能在这里吸烟,因为图书馆里是不允许吸烟的。
考查被动语态。it是形式主语,指代“to smoke in the library”,结合“You mustn’t smoke here”可知,在图书馆吸烟是不被允许的,用表否定的被动语态(be not done),故选B。
16.A
【详解】句意:自然公园建成后,将是人们放松的好地方。
考查动词的时态和语态。is completed一般现在时的被动句;has completed为现在完成时;completes为一般现在时;will be completed为一般将来时的被动句。根据句子的结构可知,需要填的是时间状语从句中的谓语动词,根据“主将从现”原则,从句中应该使用一般现在时,再结合句意可知,自然公园应该是被完工。所以此处应该使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。
17.D
【详解】句意:对于王大民来说,这种捕鱼方式不需要渔网。
考查动词词义辨析和被动语态。is used被使用;are repaired被修理;is made被制造;are required被需要。根据题干可知,主语nets是复数形式,be动词用are;结合“for this type of fishing”(这种捕鱼方式),可知是指对于王大民来说,这种捕鱼方式不需要渔网。故选D。
18.D
【详解】句意:去年河边种了很多树。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last year”可知,此句是一般过去时;“trees”和“plant”之间存在被动关系,表示“树是被种的”,因此用被动语态“be done”的形式,主语是可数名词复数,即用were planted。故选D。
19.A
【详解】句意:——《野性的呼唤》这本书是谁写的?——杰克·伦敦,美国最伟大的小说家之一。
考查被动语态。根据题干“Who…the book The Call of the Wild… ”可知主语是动作的承受者,且主语是单数,be written by意为“被……写”,故选A。
20.B
【详解】句意:——这种表是什么时候发明的?——去年。
考查被动语态。句中主语“this kind of watch”和谓语动词invent构成动宾关系,应用被动语态。根据答语“Last year”可知,此句用一般过去时的被动语态,其构成为“was/were+过去分词”。故选B。
21.C
【详解】句意:——爱丽丝,我昨晚打电话给你的时候你为什么不在家?——我被邀请去参加汤姆的生日聚会。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last night”可知,此处询问过去发生的事,为一般过去时态;又因为I与ask构成被动语态,所以本句为一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done,故选C。
22.C
【详解】句意:中国第三艘航空母舰以福建省命名。它完全由中国设计和建造。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。结合“It was completely designed and built by China.”可知,该句应用一般过去时,又因为主语“China’s third aircraft carrier”和name之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+动词过去分词”,主语为单数,be动词用was,故选C。
23.C
【详解】句意:——电灯是谁发明的?——爱迪生。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。the electric light lamp与invent构成被动语态,be invented by“由……发明的”,固定句式,又因为电灯是在过去被发明的,为一般过去时,be用was,故选C。
24.B
【详解】句意:——莱芜在过去几年里发展了很多。——是的。高铁于2020年建成。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。high-speed rail与complete构成被动,又根据”in 2020“可知,本句为一般过去时,所以此处为一般过去时的被动语态,其构成为:was/were+done。故选B。
25.C
【详解】句意:——为什么我从来没见过这种5G手机?——因为它是上周华为生产的。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“last week”可知,时态是一般过去时,结合“by HUAWEI”可知,手机是被华为生产的,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为(was/were done),故选C。
26.C
【详解】句意:——你听说过2023年5月30日神州16号成功发射吗?——是的!作为一名中国学生,我真的为我们国家感到骄傲。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“May 30th, 2023”可知,时态为一般过去时,又因主语Shenzhou-16是谓语动词send的动作承受者,所以应使用一般过去时的被动语态“be+过去分词”,主语为单数,be动词用was,send过去分词为sent,所以设空处填写was sent。故选C。
27.B
【详解】句意:——哇,2023友谊森林植树活动圆满成功!——是的。那天种了许多树以改善环境。
考查时态及语态。主语trees与谓语plant之间是动宾关系,树被种植,应为被动语态。根据“was a great success”可知,时态是一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were done。故选B。
28.D
【详解】句意:——托尼为什么还没来?——邀请信息不小心发给了托比。我太粗心了。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“I was so careless.”可知,时态为一般过去时,主语“The invitation message”与谓语动词之间是被动关系,因此此处用一般过去时的被动语态,因此此处用“was sent”。故选D。
29.C
【详解】句意:2020年东京奥运会的奖牌都是用100%可回收的材料制作而成的。
考查被动语态。主语“The medals”与动词“make”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,结构为be+done,本句时态为一般过去时。故选C。
30.A
【详解】句意:风筝是2000多年前在中国发明的。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语The kite与谓语invent之间是动宾关系,因此用被动语态be done,且由“more than 2000 years ago”可知,时态是一般过去时,主语是单数,故be用was,invent的过去分词为invented。故选A。
31.D
【详解】句意:——看!这里有一个警告标志。上面说这座桥很危险。——它确实是。这座桥大约五十年前建的,现在已经很旧了。
考查名词辨析和动词的时态和语态。map地图;warning sign警示标志。根据“It says the bridge is dangerous.”可知,第一空应是说有一个“警示标志”;主语The bridge和build之间是动宾关系,结合“about fifty years ago ”可知,用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done)。故选D。
32.B
【详解】句意:——你参加巴黎的会议了吗?——没有,我没有被邀请。
考查时态和语态。根据“Did you attend the meeting in Paris”可知,时态为一般过去时,主语I和“邀请”之间为被动关系,因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”,主语是I,be动词用was,故选B。
33.D
【详解】句意:这名男子在事故中受了重伤,立即被送往医院。
考查动词时态。he和take为动宾关系,构成被动,被动的构成为:be+done,又因为“The man was seriously hurt”可知本句为一般过去时,故选D。
34.C
【详解】句意:昨天,Damin被选中制作一个关于鸬鹚捕鱼的节目。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。chose挑选,动词过去式;was choosing过去进行时;was chosen一般过去时的被动语态;chosen挑选,动词过去分词。根据“yesterday”可知,昨天发生的事情,时态为一般过去时,又因Damin与挑选做节目之间为被动,故语态为被动,主语为Damin,谓语用“was+动词过去分词”,chosen为动词的过去分词。故选C。
35.D
【详解】句意:《丹顶鹤的故事》是为纪念徐秀娟而写的一首歌。
考查被动语态。根据“A red-crown crane is a song that...in memory of Xu Xiujuan.”可知,that引导的定语从句中,时态为一般过去时,主语是song“歌曲”与write“写”之间是被动关系。故选D。
36.D
【详解】句意:生日蛋糕很快被孩子们吃光了。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知,主语the birthday cake和谓语eat之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态,其谓语结构为“be+done”,故选D。
37.C
【详解】句意:那个残忍的人因谋杀罪被处以绞刑。
考查被动语态。hang意思是“绞死、施以绞刑”时,过去式和过去分词是hanged;hang意思是“悬挂”等时,过去式和过去分词是hung。根据“The cruel man...for murder.”可知,那个残忍的人因谋杀罪被处以绞刑。此空意思是“施以绞刑”,且主语man与谓语动词hang之间的被动关系,用被动语态“be+过去分词”,hang的过去分词是hanged;句子是一般过去时,所以填was hanged。故选C。
38.C
【详解】句意:有人看见布朗先生今天上午去了公园。
考查非谓语动词及被动语态。分析句子可知,布朗先生被看见去了公园,应为被动语态,排除A选项。sb. be seen doing sth.某人被看见正做某事,强调动作正在进行;sb. be seen to do sth.某人被看见做某事,强调动作的全过程。此处指有人看见布朗先生去了公园,指全过程,应用be seen to do。故选C。
39.A
【详解】句意:去年我们学校建了教学楼吗?
考查被动语态。主语teaching building和动词build之间是被动关系,结合“last year”可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为单数,助动词用was。故选A。
40.B
【详解】句意:第十九届亚运会将在2022年九月的杭州举办。我等不及了。
考查将来时被动语态。题干主语“The 19th Asian Games”和其谓语hold之间是被动关系,又根据“I can’t wait!”这个语境可知,应是表示将来时间,因此应用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”,故选B。
41.A
【详解】句意:——下周的聚会准备的怎么样?——嗯,所有的问题很快就会得到讨论。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。句中主语“all problems”和谓语动词“discuss”构成动宾关系,应用被动语态;根据句中“soon”可知,时态为一般将来时,故此句用一般将来时的被动语态,其构成为“will be done”或“am/is/are going to be done”,故选A。
42.A
【详解】句意:学生们已经努力致力于他们的功课,他们的努力最终将会得到成功的回报。
考查被动语态和固定短语。at the end不单独使用,常与介词of搭配,at the end of“在……的末尾”;in the end最后,第二空只能用in the end。句中主语“their efforts”和谓语动词reward构成动宾关系,应用被动语态。根据前半句“The students have been working hard on their lessons”可知,此处用一般将来时的被动语态,其构成为“will be done”。故选A。
43.B
【详解】句意:我认为几年后山将被树木覆盖。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in a few years’ time”可知句子时态为一般将来时,而主语mountains和谓语cover为被动关系,应用被动语态,一般将来时的被动语态的谓语结构为“will+be+done”,故选B。
44.C
【详解】句意:如果天气低于零度,水就会变成冰。
考查一般将来时的被动语态和动词短语。will be turned off将被关掉;will be turned to将被求助;will be turned into将被变成;will be turned up将出现。根据“Water...ice if the weather is below zero.”可知,此处表示水就会变成冰,故选C。
45.B
【详解】句意:下周一大厅将举办一场关于科学技术发展的讲座。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next Monday”可知,此句用一般将来时;主语“A lecture”和谓语动词give是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be done/be going to be done。故选B。
46.C
【详解】句意:据当地政府称,未来五年将修建大量新铁路。
考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“in the next five years”可知,此句使用一般将来时,排除A和D,主语“lots of new railways”和谓语动词“build(修建)”是被动关系,应用被动语态。故选C。
47.A
【详解】句意:如果每个人都准备好了,工作就会很容易完成。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“If everyone is ready for the work, it ... easily.”可知,本句是if引导的条件状语从句,根据“主将从现”原则,主句应用一般将来时;且主语it指代“the work”,与谓语finish是动宾关系,因此此处为一般将来时的被动结构:will be done。故选A。
48.C
【详解】句意:——你离开时要把钥匙放在哪里?——它会被留在桌子上。
考查时态。根据“Where will you...”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选C。
49.A
【详解】句意:他的新书将于下个月出版。
考查一般将来时被动语态。分析句子可知,主语“His new book”和谓语动词publish之间是被动关系,又根据时间状语“next month”可知,该句应用一般将来时被动语态,结构为“will be+动词过去分词”,故选A。
50.D
【详解】句意:据悉,南京地铁7号线将于近期建成。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in the near future”可知时态为一般将来时,排除选项B和C;句中的“Nanjing Metro Line 7”与选项的complete之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,排除选项A。故选D。
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