Unit 1 Lesson 2
Different Kinds of Language
一、单项选择
1．To write a good ________, we should first know who the listeners are.
A．note B．novel C．letter D．speech
2．— Roy, I feel so tired. I have to keep studying hard to meet my mom’s high ________.
— Cheer up, Alice. I guess she just wants you to be a better person.
A．creativity B．discovery C．standard D．reason
3．I’m sure about my answer. I __________ it with our math teacher.
A．checked B．will check C．have checked D．am checking
4．As a ________ of Beijing, Tian’an men Square attracts many tourists to take photos there.
A．symbol B．memory C．wonder D．standard
5．As a ________ of Wenzhou, Mount Yandang attracts many tourists to take photos there.
A．custom B．symbol C．memory D．standard
6．Linda, ________ the weather forecast before you go on a trip.
A．checks B．check C．checking D．to check
7．Daming wasn’t chosen for our team last time. That was a bad________. We can’t play well without him.
A．decision B．review C．subject D．standard
8．—Sandy wanted to go home. But why didn’t she tell her parents
—Because she wanted to give them a ________.
A．gift B．call C．surprise D．note
9．Doctors _________ to save Yao Beina’s life. Her parents felt very sad.
A．failed B．happened C．succeeded D．used
10．Mary is going to ________ her email this evening.
A．check B．look C．watch D．see
二、完形填空
People use sayings every day. You may ask an unhappy friend why she’s “feeling blue”. If you’ve done only a small part of a big job, you might call it “a drop in the bucket(桶)”.
These sayings don’t mean ___11___ what the words say. But it’s easy to tell why we use them. Blue is a cool, quiet color. So it’s a good word for “sad”. A bucket holds too many water drops to count ___12___ just one drop is very little.
Other sayings are more difficult to ___13___. When you are about to go to bed, you are going to “hit the hay (干草)”. This saying does not make much ___14___ unless you know where it came from. It was first used in the 1930s. At that time, many Americans were out of ___15___. Some went from place to place, looking for jobs. At night, they were very ___16___. They often made a bed of hay in a field. As soon as their heads “hit the hay”, they fell asleep.
Here is another saying. When you are sick, you ___17___ say “You are under the weather”. But why This saying is more than 200 years old. It began in the days when many people went from place to place by boat. When the storm winds ___18___ the boat, people often felt sick. The boat was sailing (航行) “under the weather”. Old sayings like these can be hard for kids to understand. But new sayings ___19___ every day. Kids often understand new sayings better than ____20____ people do. That’s why your grandmother might not know what you mean when you say “chill out (冷静)” or “give me five”. She might think you’re “off your rocker”.
11．A．finally B．exactly C．softly D．totally
12．A．or B．but C．so D．because
13．A．express B．translate C．discover D．understand
14．A．sense B．money C．progress D．noise
15．A．work B．danger C．mind D．control
16．A．excited B．tired C．sad D．crazy
17．A．must B．have to C．need D．might
18．A．passed B．found C．rocked D．caught
19．A．break down B．come along C．ring up D．go by
20．A．poorer B．richer C．older D．younger
There are about 200 countries in the world. People live there, and they speak all kinds of languages. ____21____, there are about 7,000 languages and dialects (方言) in the world.
People use those languages to communicate with others. They talk to each other. They learn about and ____22____ new ideas and knowledge. They can do all that in person and on the Internet.
However, there is a(n) ____23____. Not all 7,000 languages and dialects are on the Internet. A lot of them are ____24____. According to a UNESCO study, 98% of the pages on the Internet are in just 12 languages. Also, over 50% of those are in English. That’s ____25____ for English speakers but not for many others.
A part of the problem comes from computer ____26____. They only have letters in English or the other main languages on the Internet. So, it’s ____27____ for the speakers of the missing languages to type their words.
Another part comes from computer programs. They are also in English and the other main languages. So, to ____28____ them, the speakers of the missing languages must have knowledge of the main languages.
People are working to solve this problem. They don’t want to ____29____ any of the world’s languages. They _____30_____ want everyone to be able to use the Internet. Now, Wikipedia has articles in over 300 languages. It’s not much, but it’s a start.
21．A．In fact B．For example C．By chance
22．A．change B．refuse C．share
23．A．idea B．problem C．tradition
24．A．missing B．waiting C．hiding
25．A．boring B．difficult C．great
26．A．screens B．keyboards C．prices
27．A．impossible B．slow C．dangerous
28．A．give B．buy C．use
29．A．spread B．avoid C．lose
30．A．still B．also C．only
三、阅读单选
Perhaps you have seen some strange English before, like “big meter” for dami and “small buy” for xiaomaibu in Chinese. These are examples of incorrect translations in China. They can be seen everywhere, from restaurant menus to information signs.
While many people find this “Chinglish” to be funny, it is also said to “damage（破坏）the country’s image” and confuse（使困惑）English speakers. On Dec 1st, 2017, China carried out its first national standards for the use of English in public service areas. People’s Daily reported.
The standards include more than 3, 500 Chinese—to—English translations in 13 areas, including transportation. sports and education. This means that many Chinese words will now have standard English names.
For example, the English words for the Chinese dishes huntun and lamian are “wonton” and “lamian noodles”. For kaochuan and mixian, the English names are “barbecue” and “rice noodles”.
As for places, shaoniangong is called “children’s palace”. The entertainment activity nongjiale that we enjoy in rural areas is called “agritainment”. There are also many English warning phrases, like “wet floor” for xiaoxindihua and “mind your head” for dangxinpengtou.
The standards are part of a larger effort China is making to improve English information. Many cities have already fixed signs with poor English translations. In 2015, Shanghai opened a 12345 hotline for people to report incorrect translations.
31．Which of the following is correct about the national standards
A．They will be carried out on Jan 1st.
B．They are China’s first translation dictionaries.
C．They have 3, 500 English-to-Chinese translations.
D．They give many Chinese words standard English names.
32．Which is the translation for “spicy hot pot”
A．malatang B．lamian C．hundun D．kaochuan
33．We can tell from the story that agritainment is _______.
A．a rural place B．an entertainment activity
C．a warning sign D．a place for kids
34．Why did China come out with these standards
A．To improve other countries’ images. B．To teach English speakers
C．To fix incorrect English. D．To help more people learn English.
There are some stories behind English words.
You’ve spent a lot of time studying how to use English in a right way. But have you ever wondered why English speakers say some of the things they say For example, why do they say “an easy task” is “a piece of cake” Why do the two letters “OK” means “all right”
Many English words and phrases have stories behind them. Sometimes these stories can help us look back into the old Western history. Let’s take a look at a few of the original (起初的) common English words and phrases:
OK
OK was an American who lived in the19th century. His name was “Old Kinderhook”. In one year he was trying to take the place of the leader of his town. His supporters went around the town shouting “OK! OK!” The supporters thought their future leader was “all right”. The expression caught on, and now if something is “all right”, people like to say “OK”.
Boss
Is your boss nice to you If not, just be glad you weren’t living in the old times. Back to that time, bosses could do anything bad to their men and could even beat them! That explains why the word “boss” comes from an old German word meaning “to beat”.
A piece of cake
A famous American writer named Ogden Nash lived in the1930s. Many readers enjoyed his poems and wrote them down in their notebooks. In one of his poems, Nash wrote, “Her picture’s in the papers now, and life’s a piece of cake.” His readers found these words interesting and quickly wrote them down. They thought that if one picture in a newspaper could make you famous, wouldn’t life be easy For nearly 70 years, “a piece of cake” has meant any task or activity that is easy.
根据短文内容, 选择最佳答案。
35．“OK” comes from “________”, an American who was in the 19th century.
A．Old King B．Old Kindman C．Old Kinderhook
36．The word “boss” comes from an old German word meaning “________”.
A．to work B．to beat C．to kill
37．The phrase “a piece of cake” means ________.
A．an easy task or activity
B．a difficult task or activity
C．a famous picture in a newspaper
38．The passage mainly tells us a few stories about ________.
A．how people learnt English
B．how English speakers created the words and phrases
C．how people taught others to speak English
四、阅读匹配
交流是一门艺术，有效的交流需要一定的技巧。以下图片中的男士在交流中存在不当之处，请你将图片与相关描述 (A-F) 进行匹配。选项中有一项为多余选项。
____39____ ____40____ ____41____
____42____ ____43____
A．Do you make eye contact (交流) When you make eye contact; you’ re telling someone that you’re interested in him or her, that you think the person is important, and that you want to hear what he or she has to say.B．Do you talk with toys Do you play with pens, tap your fingers, or clear your throat when you’re talking with someone These manners might make others uncomfortable, who may take you less seriously. C．Do you speak too fast This is one of the most common communication problems. A slow speed of speech shows the importance of the message you’re expressing. Talking to people in an unhurried manner also gives the listener time to get what you have said. D．Do you interrupt People who cut others off in mid-sentence not only send an unkind message, but also they cut themselves out of the communication process. Remember that we can learn more from listening than from talking. E. Do you avoid over speak Aristotle (亚里士多德) said, “Think as the wise do, but speak as the common do.” Don’t use big or difficult words. If others can’t understand every time you open your mouth, and you may feel sorry for using “overspeak” F. Do you eat while you’re talking The next time you have a conversation with someone, never talk with your mouth full of food. Such behavior makes people awful.
五、多任务混合阅读
根据短文内容完成短文后的任务。
Each year on Feb 21, UNESCO（联合国教科文组织）holds an International Mother Language Day（IMLD）. The event is to help people to pay attention to the disappearance（消失）of the world’s languages, many of（C）them are disappearing each year. UNESCO sees this as a terrible fact.
What happens when a language dies（A）________ Something great is lost—not just sounds and marks but the way that people understand the world and communicate with each other. We keep different cultures and traditions through languages.（D）Kill a language and all these are killed, too.
Through IMLD, more and more people come to realize the terrible situation and try to stop it. Google’s 2018 Endangered Languages Project is a good example. Many speakers and protectors of endangered languages upload（上传）texts, audios and videos to the project website. They want to introduce the way that people communicate and express themselves around the world.
The Myaamia Project is the same kind of effort to revive（复活）the language spoken by the Miami tribes（部落）of the United States. Project members work to encourage people to study and communicate with this language, which disappeared in the 1960s.
These activities give life to those endangered languages. People who work to keep languages alive are not limited（限制）to the past. Many young people design apps and use social media to support their activities. They “spread the word” to save the world.
（B）________, while the problem of disappearing languages remains every serious one, there is hope. We all have a special feeling of our mother language. This is why we should remember the wise words of late president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela: “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his own language, that goes to his heart”
44．在文中（A）和（B）的空白处分别填入适当的词：________; ________
45．划线部分（C） them指代的是： ________
46．文中划线部分（D）改写为：
Not only a language is killed, __________ different cultures and traditions through languages are killed.
47．从文中找到两个体现年轻人拯救濒危语言的动词或动词短语：________; ________
48．从文中找出能说明本文中心大意的单词或短语：________
六、阅读还原5选5
In the world, more and more people are studying Chinese as a second language and the situation is developing rapidly. ____49____ Many people say it’s more difficult to write Chinese than to write the other languages. A famous quote(语录) says, “When you have children, you should be sure to teach them Chinese. Chinese is going to be the most important language.”
____50____ The first reason is that Chinese is the language spoken by the most people. China has the largest population. More reasons：
Culture—____51____ Whether you are interested in history, art, music or food, knowing the knowledge of Chinese will help improve your understanding of Chinese culture.
Travel—China offers exciting travel chances. ___52___
Business—China is becoming more and more powerful. ____53____It is much easier to develop all important relationships if you can speak Chinese.
A．Why do more and more people want to learn Chinese
B．Business people from all over the world who speak Chinese have a huge advantage in developing the huge Chinese market.
C．Traveling around is much easier if you can speak Chinese.
D．With thousands of years of history, Chinese culture is very fascinating.
E．Written Chinese is difficult to learn.
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。
There are so many expressions in American English that sound pleasant but actually are not. ___54___ When someone says they have to “face the music”, it does not mean they are going to a concert. “Facing the music” means to accept and deal with the punishment of an action.
___55___ For example, “I can’t face another night of camping! It’s cold and rainy.” Or “In life, you must face your fears.” “Face” used in this way is very common. But now, let’s go back to “facing the music”. Imagine a friend asks you to take care of her expensive sports car. She keeps telling you to avoid driving it. ___56___ Instead, you show off to some friends by driving it around town. As bad luck would have it, you lose control of the car and hit a stop sign. Bang! When your friend returns, you must tell her what you have done and “face the music”. ___57___ It could be losing her friendship or paying to repair her car—or both. Whatever the “music” is, you must face it.
___58___ To “take your medicine” means to accept the results from something bad you have done. And if someone says “You made your bed. Now lie in it.”, they mean you created a bad situation and now you have to experience the results!
A．But you do not listen.
B．“Face the music” is a good example.
C．Americans often use the word “face” in this way.
D．The “music” here is the result of your actions.
E．There are other American expressions that mean the same thing as “face the music”.
七、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应的横线上。
China is a large country. It has special cultures with a very long history.
Chinese food plays ____59____ important role for Chinese families. Chinese people eat their meals with chopsticks. One of the main foods ____60____ (be) rice. Tea is a favorite drink.
Chinese calendar is different from the one in ____61____ (west) countries. New Year’s Day is in late winter. It is also called the Spring Festival. And it also has some special ____62____ (tradition) cultures. For example, sweeping the floor ____63____ New year’s Day sweeps away all the old year’s bad ____64____ (lucky).
The Chinese zodiac, known as Sheng Xiao, follows a twelve-year cycle. Each year is ____65____ (name) after an animal. For example, the year that begins in 2022 is the year of the tiger.
Chinese is a little difficult language. Chinese writing ____66____ (develop) for over 4,000 years. It has thousands of characters. A character stands for a word and also a ____67____ (mean). Besides Putonghua, Chinese people speak some other ____68____ (form) of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects (方言).
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
British people are very polite, sometimes too polite. They always say sorry for everything, even there is no need to apologize, and they try ____69____ (do) so. For me it is normal to do this. I am a very polite person and will always apologize for getting in ____70____ (someone) way in the street and I normally expect that the other person will apologize, too.
Before I moved to Germany I ____71____ (tell) that Europeans are more direct and not as polite as other people. There is no need for an apology when you stand on someone’s toe or try to walk in the same direction ____72____ another person. I am very ____73____ (surprise) that people do not apologize to me when they have stood on my foot, ____74____ hit me over the head with their bag. One of my friends here explained to me that most ____75____ (German) feel no need to apologize as both people should know that it was ____76____ accident. When you are ____77____ a hurry or very busy, why should you waste time apologizing to someone who knows you did not mean to do it
____78____ I still find it very strange when something like this happens.
试卷第12页，共12页
参考答案：
1．D
【详解】句意：要写好一篇演讲稿，我们首先应该知道谁是听众。
考查名词辨析。note笔记；novel小说；letter信件；speech演讲。根据“we should first know who the listeners are”可知，演讲时有听众，所以此处指写好一篇演讲稿，故选D。
2．C
【详解】句意：——罗伊，我感觉好累。我必须继续努力学习，以达到我妈妈的高标准。——振作起来，爱丽丝。我猜她只是想让你成为一个更好的人。
考查名词辨析。creativity创造力；discovery发现；standard标准；reason理由，原因。根据句意“…keep studying hard to meet my mom’s high…”可知，努力学习为了达到高标准。故选C。
3．C
【详解】句意：我很确定我的答案。我已经跟老师核实过了。
考查动词时态。根据前句“很确定答案”可知，说明已经跟老师核实过答案。动作发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，应用现在完成时。现在完成时结构：have/has done。故选C。
4．A
【详解】句意：作为北京的象征，天安门广场吸引很多游客在那里拍照。
考查名词辨析。symbol象征；memory记忆；wonder奇迹；standard标准。根据“a...of Beijing”并结合常识可知，天安门是北京的象征，故选A。
5．B
【详解】句意：作为温州的象征，雁荡山吸引了许多游客在那里拍照。
考查名词辨析。custom风俗；symbol象征；memory记忆；standard标准。结合“...Mount Yandang attracts many tourists...”可知，在温州众多景点中，雁荡山能吸引许多游客，那它应是能象征温州的一个地方，“symbol”符合题意。故选B。
6．B
【详解】句意：琳达，在你去旅行之前，查一下天气预报。
考查祈使句。由语境可知，本句是对Linda提出建议，故使用祈使句，动词原形开头，故选B。
7．A
【详解】句意：大明上次没有被选入我们队。那是一个糟糕的决定。没有他我们打不好球。
考查名词辨析。decision决定；review复习；subject学科；standard标准。根据“Daming wasn’t chosen for our team last time.”以及“We can’t play well without him.”可知，那是一个糟糕的决定。故选A。
8．C
【详解】句意：——Sandy计划回家。但她为什么不告诉她的父母呢？——因为她想要给他们一个惊喜。
考查名词词义辨析。gift“礼物”；call“打电话”；surprise“惊喜”；note“笔记”。根据“why didn’t she tell her parents”可知Sandy没有告诉她的父母是因为想要给他们一个惊喜。故选C。
9．A
【详解】句意：医生们没能挽救姚贝娜的生命。她的父母感到很难过。
考查动词辨析。failed失败；happened碰巧；succeeded成功；used使用。根据“Her parents felt very sad.”可知，医生们没能挽救姚贝娜的生命，因此“failed”符合句意。故选A。
10．A
【详解】句意：玛丽今晚要查看她的电子邮件。
考查动词辨析。check查看；look看，和介词at连用；watch观看；see看见，根据空后的“her email”可知，应该是查看她的电子邮件，故选A。
11．B
12．C
13．D
14．A
15．A
16．B
17．D
18．C
19．B
20．C
【导语】本文介绍人们日常使用的谚语。老谚语有的易理解有的难理解；每天都有新谚语出现，年轻人比年纪大的人能更好地理解新谚语。
11．句意：这些谚语的意思并不完全与字面意思相同。
finally最后；exactly准确地；softly柔和地；totally地。根据“don’t mean”和“what the words say”可知此处指“不完全与字面意思相同”。故选B。
12．句意：一个水桶里装的水滴太多了，数不清，所以一滴水是非常少的。
or或；but但；so因此；because因为。根据“A bucket holds too many water drops to count”可知此处引出结果“所以一滴水是非常少的”。故选C。
13．句意：其他谚语更难理解。
express表达；translate翻译；discover发现；understand理解。根据下文“This saying does not make much...unless you know where it came from.”可知，有些谚语很难理解，除非你知道它的出处。故选D。
14．句意：这个谚语没有多大意义，除非你知道它的出处。
sense意义；money金钱；progress进步；noise噪音。根据“unless you know where it came from”可知此处指“这个谚语没有多大意义，难以理解，除非你知道它的出处”。故选A。
15．句意：当时，许多美国人失业了。
work工作；danger危险；mind思想；control控制。根据下文“some went from place to place, looking for jobs”有些人四处奔波，寻找工作；可知此处指“失业”，表达为“out of work”。故选A。
16．句意：晚上他们很累。
excited兴奋的；tired疲惫的；sad悲伤的；crazy疯狂的。根据上文“有些人四处奔波，寻找工作”可知此处指“到晚上他们很疲惫”。故选B。
17．句意：当你生病时，你可能会说“你不舒服”。
must必须；have to不得不；need需要；might可能。根据“When you are sick”可知此处表示一种可能性。故选D。
18．句意：当风暴使船摇晃时，人们经常感到恶心。
passed通过；found发现；rocked摇晃；caught抓住。根据“the storm winds”可知此处指“风暴使船摇晃”。故选C。
19．句意：但是新谚语每天都在出现。
break down分解；come along发生；ring up打电话；go by经过。根据上文“Old sayings like these can be hard for kids to understand.”像这样的老话对孩子们来说很难理解；结合“Kids often understand new sayings better”可知此处指“孩子们更能理解现在每天出现新的谚语”。故选B。
20．句意：孩子们通常比年纪大的人更好理解新谚语。
poorer更贫穷；richer更富有；older更年长；younger更年轻。根据下文“That’s why your grandmother might not know what you mean when you say ‘chill out’ or ‘give me five’. She might think you’re ‘off your rocker’”奶奶不懂你说的新谚语的意思；可知此处指“孩子们通常比年纪大的人更理解新谚语”。故选C。
21．A
22．C
23．B
24．A
25．C
26．B
27．A
28．C
29．C
30．B
【导语】本文讲述了世界上大约有7000种语言和方言，然而很多语言正在消失，人们正在努力解决这个问题。
21．句意：事实上，世界上大约有7000种语言和方言。
In fact事实上；For example例如；By chance偶然。根据“...there are about 7,000 languages and dialects (方言) in the world.”可知，此处表示事实上，世界上有大约7000种语言和方言；In fact符合语境，其余选项不符合题意。故选A。
22．句意：他们学习并分享新的想法和知识。
change改变；refuse拒绝；share分享。根据上文“People use those languages to communicate with others. They talk to each other.”可推知，人们用语言分享想法和知识。故选C。
23．句意：然而，有一个问题。
idea想法；problem问题；tradition传统。根据下文“Not all 7,000 languages and dialects are on the Internet. A lot of them are...”可知，并不是所有的7000种语言和方言都在互联网上，而且很多语言正在消失；这是一个问题，应用problem。故选B。
24．句意：很多语言正在消失。
missing丢失；waiting等待；hiding隐藏。根据下文“for the speakers of the missing languages to type their words”可知，很多语言正在消失，故选A。
25．句意：这对说英语的人来说很好，但对其他很多人来说就不是这样了。
boring无聊的；difficult困难的；great极好的。根据上文“over 50% of those are in English”可知，这对英语使用者来说很棒，应用great。故选C。
26．句意：另一个问题来自电脑键盘。
screens屏幕；keyboards键盘；prices价格。根据“the speakers of the missing languages to type their words.”可知，那些正在消失语言的使用者没法打字；由此推知，此处指电脑键盘。故选B。
27．句意：因此，对于正在消失语言的使用者而言，打出他们的文字是不可能的。
impossible不可能；slow慢的；dangerous危险的。根据上文“They only have letters in English or the other main languages on the Internet.”可知，电脑键盘只设置了英语字母和其他主要语言的字母，对于正在消失语言的使用者而言，是不可能打出他们的文字的。故选A。
28．句意：因此，为了使用它们，这些缺失语言的使用者必须掌握主要语言的知识。
give给；buy买；use使用。根据“the speakers of the missing languages must have knowledge of the main languages.”可推知，此处指为了使用电脑。故选C。
29．句意：他们不想失去世界上任何一种语言。
spread传播；avoid避免；lose失去。根据上文“People are working to solve this problem.”可知，人们正在努力解决这个问题，因为他们不想失去世界上任何一种语言。故选C。
30．句意：他们还想每个人都使用网络。
still仍然；also也，同样；only仅仅。根据“They ... want everyone to be able to use the Internet.”可知，他们也想每个人都能使用互联网，应用also，故选B。
31．D
32．A
33．B
34．C
【导语】本文讲述了由于汉译英的一些错误，所以国家制定了一些公共服务领域的英语使用国家标准来纠正错误的英语。
31．细节理解题。根据“This means that many Chinese words will now have standard English names.”可知国家标准给许多中文单词起了标准的英文名字。故选D。
32．词义猜测题。根据“For example, the English words for the Chinese dishes huntun and lamian are “wonton” and ‘lamian noodles’. For kaochuan and mixia, the English names are ‘barbecue’ and ‘rice noodles’.”（例如，中国菜馄饨和拉面的英文单词是“馄饨”和“拉面”。对于烤串和米线来说，英文名称是“烧烤”和“米粉”。）可知spicy hot pot字面上意思是“辣火锅”，也就是A选项的“麻辣烫”，故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据“The entertainment activity nongjiale that we enjoy in rural areas is called ‘agritainment’”可知农家乐是一种娱乐活动，故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据“These are examples of incorrect translations in China. They can be seen everywhere, from restaurant menus to information signs.”以及“On Dec 1st, 2017, China carried out its first national standards for the use of English in public service areas. People’s Daily reported.”可知中国出台这些标准为了纠正错误的英语。故选C。
35．C
36．B
37．A
38．B
【导语】本文介绍了一些英语单词的背后的故事，包括探究它的来源等等。
35．细节理解题。根据“OK was an American who lived in the19th century. His name was “Old Kinderhook”.”可知，“OK”来自于“Old Kinderhook”。故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据“That explains why the word “boss” comes from an old German word meaning “to beat”.” 可知，“boss”一词来自一个古老的德语单词，意思是“殴打”。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据“For nearly 70 years, “a piece of cake” has meant any task or activity that is easy.”可知，短语“a piece of cake”的意思是简单的任务或活动。故选A。
38．主旨大意题。根据“There are some stories behind English words. You’ve spent a lot of time studying how to use English in a right way. But have you ever wondered why English speakers say some of the things they say ”可知，文章介绍了有关英国人如何创造英语单词和短语的一些故事。故选B。
39．A
40．B
41．E
42．D
43．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了交流的技巧。
39．根据“How are you ”和图片可知，图片的男士在说话时没有抬头与人交流，没有眼神的接触；选项A“你们有眼神交流吗？当你进行眼神交流时；你在告诉某人你对他或她感兴趣，你认为这个人很重要，你想听他或她说什么。”符合语境；故选A。
40．根据“Tap”和图片可知，男士与人说话时在敲击桌面；选项B“你会和玩具说话吗？当你和别人说话时，你会玩笔、敲手指或清嗓子吗？这些举止可能会让别人不舒服，他们可能会不把你当回事。”符合语境；故选B。
41．根据“soporific and unfathomable”和图片可知，所用词汇太难了，不理解；选项E“你会避免说话过多吗？亚里士多德说:“要像智者那样思考，但要像普通人那样说话。”不要使用大的或困难的单词。如果你每次开口别人都听不懂，你可能会为说错话而感到抱歉。”符合语境；故选E。
42．根据“Should we have a meeting”和图片可知，男士打断了女士的话；选项D“你会打断别人吗？那些说话到一半就打断别人的话的人，不仅是在传递不友好的信息，而且他们也把自己排除在交流过程之外。记住，听比说能让我们学到更多。”符合语境；故选D。
43．根据“Could you please slow down”和图片可知，男士说话太快了；选项C“你说得太快了吗？这是最常见的沟通问题之一。语速慢表明你所表达的信息的重要性。不慌不忙地与人交谈也给听众时间来理解你所说的。”符合语境；故选C。
44． out So
45．the world’s languages.
46．but also
47． upload revive
48．save
【导语】本文主要介绍了人们为了拯救濒危语言而做的各种努力。
44．根据第一段“pay attention to the disappearance（消失）of the world’s languages”以及填空处前文“when a language dies”可推断此处表达语言的“灭绝”，短语“die out”表示灭绝；根据上文“They “spread the word” to save the world.”及下文“while the problem of disappearing languages remains every serious one, there is hope.”可知此处表达结果“所以”，应用“so”，句首开头字母大写。故填out；So。
45．根据前文“The event is to help people to pay attention to the disappearance（消失）of the world’s languages”可知“them”指代前文中已经出现过的名词“the world’s languages”。故填the world’s languages。
46．根据原句“We keep different cultures and traditions through languages. Kill a language and all these are killed, too.”可知这里表达语言及文化传统都会消失，结合题中表达，可知此处用not only...but also“不但……而且……”来表达同义句，即“不但语言会被扼杀而且传统文化也会被扼杀”。故填but also。
47．根据第三段“ Many speakers and protectors of endangered languages upload（上传）texts, audios and videos to the project website. ”及第四段“The Myaamia Project is the same kind of effort to revive（复活）the language spoken by the Miami tribes（部落）of the United States. ”可知文中提到将语言上传“upload”到网络及复兴“revive”美国迈阿密部落所说的语言都是年轻人为拯救濒危语言做出的努力。故填upload；revive。
48．根据“They ‘spread the word’ to save the world.”结合文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了人们为了“拯救”濒危语言而做的各种努力。所以能说明本文中心大意的单词或短语应是“save”“拯救”。故填 save。
49．E
50．A
51．D
52．C
53．B
【导语】本文介绍了世界上越来越多的人开始学习汉语的现象及其背后的原因。
49．根据“Many people say it’s more difficult to write Chinese than to write the other languages.”可知，此处是说汉字的书写方面的情况，选项E“书面汉语很难学。”符合语境。故选E。
50．根据“The first reason is that Chinese is the language spoken by the most people.”可知，此处是回答很多人学中文的原因。选项A“为什么越来越多的人想学中文？”符合语境。故选A。
51．根据“...knowing the knowledge of Chinese will help improve your understanding of Chinese culture.”可知，此处内容和“中国文化”相关。选项D“中国文化有着数千年的历史，令人神往。”符合语境。故选D。
52．根据“Travel—China offers exciting travel chances.”可知，接下来内容应是和“旅游”相关。选项C“如果你会说中文，四处旅行会容易得多。”符合语境。故选C。
53．根据“Business—China is becoming more and more powerful.”可知，此处内容应是和“中文与商业”相关。选项B“来自世界各地的说中文的商界人士在开发庞大的中国市场方面具有巨大的优势。”符合语境。故选B。
54．B
55．C
56．A
57．D
58．E
【导语】本文讲述美式英语中有很多听起来令人愉快但实际上并不愉快的表达方式，并举例进行了说明。
54．根据“When someone says they have to ‘face the music’, it does not mean they are going to a concert”可知空格句子与“face the music”有关，此处是引入这个短语，B选项“‘Face the music’就是一个很好的例子”符合语境。故选B。
55．根据“For example, ‘I can’t face another night of camping! It’s cold and rainy.’ Or ‘In life, you must face your fears.’ Face used in this way is very common”可知，此处是在举例子，表达经常使用“face”，C选项“美国人经常这样使用‘face’ 这个词”符合语境。故选C。
56．根据“She keeps telling you to avoid driving it.”和“Instead, you show off to some friends by driving it around town.”可知，朋友说这个车非常快，但是仍然向你的朋友炫耀，所以空处应是表 示不听劝，A选项“但是你不听”符合语境。故选A。
57．根据“It could be losing her friendship or paying to repair her car—or both.”可知此处是你的行为的结果，D选项“这里的‘music’是你行动的结果”符合浴巾。故选D。
58．根据“To “take your medicine” means to accept the results from something bad you have done”可知也有一些其他的表达和“face the music”意义相似，E选项“还有其他的美国表达方式与‘face the music’意思相同”符合语境。故选E。
59．an
60．is
61．western
62．traditional
63．before
64．luck
65．named
66．has developed
67．meaning
68．forms
【导语】本文介绍了一些中国传统文化：食物、历法、生肖及语言特点等。
59．句意：中餐在中国家庭中扮演着重要的角色。此处是泛指一个重要的角色，且“important”是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。
60．句意：主要食物之一是米饭。固定句型one of+名词复数“……之一”，谓语动词用单数；本文应用现在时态，此处为一般现在时，应用is。故填is。
61．句意：中国的历法与西方国家的不同。空后有名词“countries”，此处需用形容词修饰名词。western“西方的”，形容词。故填western。
62．句意：它也有一些特殊的传统文化。空后有名词“cultures”，此处需用形容词traditional“传统的”来修饰。故填traditional。
63．句意：例如，新年前扫地，一扫旧年的霉运。根据习俗常识可知，在春节前会扫地。before“在……之前”。故填before。
64．句意：例如，新年前扫地，一扫旧年的霉运。空前有名词所有格“the old year’s...”，其后需跟名词形式luck“运气”，bad luck“霉运，坏运气”。故填luck。
65．句意：每年都以一种动物的名字命名。固定短语be named after“以……命名”。故填named。
66．句意：中国文字发展了4000多年。根据“for over 4,000 years”可知，本句是现在完成时(have/has done)；主语“Chinese writing”是单数，助动词用has。develop的过去分词为developed。故填has developed。
67．句意：一个字符代表一个词，也代表一个意义。空前有不定冠词“a”，其后跟名词单数形式，meaning“意思”，名词。故填meaning。
68．句意：除了普通话，中国人还讲其他形式的语言，还有很多种方言。“some”后跟名词复数形式。故填forms。
69．to do
70．someone’s
71．was told
72．as
73．surprised
74．or
75．Germans
76．an
77．in
78．However##But
【导语】本文主要介绍了德国人对于“道歉”这种礼仪的看法和做法。
69．句意：他们总是为每件事说对不起，甚至根本不需要道歉，他们试图这样做。try to do sth“努力做某事”，故填to do。
70．句意：我是一个非常有礼貌的人，在街上挡住了别人的路，我总是会道歉，我通常希望对方也会道歉。此空修饰名词way，要用所有格形式，故填someone’s。
71．句意：在我搬到德国之前，我被告知欧洲人更直接，不像其他人那样有礼貌。主语I与动词tell是被动关系，根据“moved”可知，此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，主语I是第一人称，助动词用was，故填was told。
72．句意：当你踩到别人的脚趾或试图和别人走同一方向时，不需要道歉。the same as“如……一样”，故填as。
73．句意：我很惊讶，当人们踩到我的脚或用包打我的头时，他们却不向我道歉。am后接形容词作表语，修饰人用以ed为结尾的形容词，故填surprised。
74．句意：我很惊讶，当人们踩到我的脚或用包打我的头时，他们却不向我道歉。根据“when they have stood on my foot”及“hit me over the head with their bag”可知，前后句是选择关系，故填or。
75．句意：我在这里的一位朋友向我解释说，大多数德国人觉得没有必要道歉，因为双方都应该知道这是一个意外。most修饰名词的复数形式，故填Germans。
76．句意：我在这里的一位朋友向我解释说，大多数德国人觉得没有必要道歉，因为双方都应该知道这是一个意外。此处表示“一个意外”，表泛指，且accident是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
77．句意：当你很匆忙或很忙的时候，为什么要浪费时间向明知你不是故意的人道歉呢？be in a hurry“匆忙”，故填in。
78．句意：然而/但是，当这样的事情发生时，我仍然觉得很奇怪。“I still find it very strange when something like this happens”与前文的内容存在了转折关系，用however表示“然而”或用but表示“但是”，故填However/But。
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