人教版七年级英语上册期末名词专题复习(无答案)

专题复习——名词
名词是指人或事物的名称。总的来说,名词分为________和________两大类。
一、专有名词
__________是指个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称,如:Gina,China。其特点是:___________________,通常不与冠词连用,无复数形式。
(一)人名
英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反,姓在后面,名在前面,姓名前通常不用冠词。例如:Mary Smith;David Miller。
注意:姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示全家人。例如:
The Greens go to the movies today.格林一家人今天去看电影了。
(二)地名
England;America;China; London;Shanghai;Chengdu等地名前不用冠词。O
(三)日期名
节日名前通常不用冠词。例如: Christmas ; National Day;
Children’s Day; Women’s Day; Teachers’ Day; New Year’s Day
(2)星期名前通常不用冠词。例如:(自行补充)
(3)月份名前通常不用冠词。例如:(自行补充)
  
二、普通名词
普通名词指一类人或事物的名称。英语中普通名词分为______________和______________。
可数名词一般有________和_________两种形式,如:a woman,ten women。
而不可数名词只有一种形式,如:milk,much milk。不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但可与一些不定代词连用,如:some money; some water; much bread;a lot of meat。特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用,如:the rice。
可数名词
(1)可数名词复数形式的变化规则:
类别 构词方法 读音 例词
一般情况 词尾加_____ 在清辅音后读/s/ maps,books
在浊辅音及元音后读/z/ bags,photos
在/t/后读/ts/ cats;students
在/d/后读/dz/ beds,friends
以字母___,____,___,____结尾的词 词尾加_____ 在/s/,/ /,/t /后读/iz/ classes,boxes,watches,dishes
以_____字母加y结尾的词 变___为____,再加___ /z/ families,strawberries, parties,libraries;hobbies
以字母____结尾的词 有生命的,加____;无生命的加____ /z/ (自行补充)
pianos,
以字母__f_或____结尾的词 变f或___为____,再加____ /z/ life knife
(2)可数名词复数形式的不规则构成法:
英语中有一部分名词的复数形式的构成是不规则的,主要有以下几种情况:
①元音字母变化
foot-- man-- woman--- tooth---
②单复数同形
Sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese
③结尾为-en
(自行补充)
④只有复数形式的名词
trousers;people;clothes
(3)family和class既可作个体名词,也可做集体名词
I have a happy family.(个体名词,表示“家庭”)
The family are watching TV.(集体名词,表示“家人”)
I have three classes this afternoon.(个体名词,表示“一堂课”)
Good morning,class.(集体名词,表示“班级”)
不可数名词
不可数名词的用法特征主要有以下几种:
(1)不可数名词做主语谓语动词用单数。例如: Tea is ready.茶泡好了。
(2)不可数名词可与表示单位的量词连用。例如: a cup of milk ,two bags of rice。
(3)某些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词。
这类词是指在某些情况下能计数,在某些情况下不能计数的名词,而含义往往不同。
a chicken 一只鸡 an ice cream 一份冰淇淋 (强调份数)
chicken 鸡肉 ice cream 冰淇淋(指成份)
two salads(强调份数)
salad 沙拉
名词所有格
名词所有格名词所有格是指一个名词与另一个名词之间存在所有关系时所用的形式。其构成有两种:一种是由名词末尾加’s构成;
另一种由介词of加名词构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西;后者多用来表示无生命的东西。例如:
Children's Day儿童节 Tom's bike汤姆的自行车
a map of China一幅中国地图 a photo of my family一张我的全家福
所有格形式的构成
(1)单数名词后加’s,其读音与名词复数结尾的读音相同。例如: the girl's father女孩的父亲
(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加’。例如: two hours' walk 两个小时的步行
(3)不以s结尾的复数名词后加's。例如: the children's holiday孩子们的节日
(4) 以s结尾的人名,可以加’s,也可加’号。例如: Thomas's brother托马斯的兄弟 Charles' job 查尔斯的工作
(5)注意:表示各自的所有关系,不是共有的,则要分别在名词末尾加’s,如: John's and Mary's rooms约翰和玛丽各人的房间
若表示共有的,则在最后一个名词的末尾加’s,如: John and Mary's room约翰和玛丽合住的房间
当堂练习
一、选择填空
( )1. There is__in our room.
a picture of my friends and two chairs
two chairs and a picture of my friends
C.two pictures of my friends and two chairs
( )2.How many __are there in your class
A. Chinese B.American C. Canadian
( )3. I found my black cat in____room.
A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mike's C.Jim's and Mike's
( ) 4. There are many____in our school.
A.woman teachers B.woman's teachers C. women teachers
(b )5. Three months_____a long time for me.
A. is B.are C.has
( )6.There are_____and____on the table.
two boxes bread; four bottle of oranges
two boxes of bread; four bottles of orange
C. two boxes of breads; four bottles of orange
( )7. I give my old shoes to my sister, so I want to buy a new___.
A. Pair B.one C.ones
( ) 8. Some nice fruit is on the table. Please take_____to your school.
A.it B.one C.them
( ) 9. Lucy doesn't like eating ___, because she likes_____very much.
A.chickens;chicken B.chickens;chickens C. chicken; chickens
( )10.Tina's English is better than other___in her class.
A.students B.student's C.students'
( )11. 1 like those vegetables. How much are the____
A. meats B.potatos C.tomatoes
( )12.How much____do you need
A.water B.strawberries C.waters
( ) 13.--- What do you eat for dinner --- Some___and a lot of____.
A. beef, apple B.hamburger, salad C. beef,vegetables
( ) 14.These are my ___, those are my____.
A.watches ;knives B.watch; knife C.watchs; knifes
( )15.People need_____in cold countries.
A. many clotheses B. lots of clothes C. much clothes
( ) e and buy your ____at our____store.
A.shoes;shoes B.shoes;shoe C.shoe; shoes’
( ) 17.--I can give you____to finish the work.
--OK.
two week's time B. two weeks' time C. two weeks times
18.In the morning, we have five_ ___in our _____.
A. class;classes B. classes;classes C. classes;class
二、写出下列所给名词的复数形式
classroom_____book___bus___family___
bed___ boy_____ tomato______ orange_____potato____photo______ people__ ___man_____ woman___ bag____friend___
leaf____strawberry____wolf____box____hero______dictionary______child___ class_____ daughter_ baseball ______hat_____cup___
carrot______ jacket______ glass_____ watch_____party______knife_ library______thing____day_____dish_____wife_____piano__________activity___ _____sheep______ birthday______ habit______
Chinese________ apple______ vegetable________Japanese________ clothes________key______radio_______
三、将下列单数句改为复数句
1. He is a Chinese boy.
2. What's this
3. That is her brother.
4. Is it a bus
5. She likes a strawberry.
6.She has a dictionary in her hand.
7. When is his birthday
8. There is a watch on the sofa.
9. He likes to collect a leaf.
10. This is his family.
11. Is it a party
12. His key is white.
13. This is a photo of his family.
14. Does he like a tomato
15.I am a child.
16. He sees a man in the classroom.
17. Is he a Japanese
18.Tom likes a carrot.
19. It is an orange orange.

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