2024中考英语语法复习 知识清单 典型例题 被动语态 专题复习
知识清单
一、被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 The book was published in 2005.
2.强调动作的承受者 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.
3.出于委婉或礼貌等原因,避免提及动作执行者 We are given a lot of homework to do.
4.被动语态中的执行者常常由“by+执行者”引出 The window was broken by Jack last night.
二、被动语态的构成
常用时态 被动结构 例句
一般现在时 am/ is/ are+过去分词 These books are designed for children.
一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 A lot of flowers were planted along the street last month.
一般将来时 will/shall be+过去分词 am/ is/ are going to be+过去分词 The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.
现在进行时 am/ is/ are+ being+过去分词 A new railway is being built.
过去进行时 was/were + being+过去分词 The road was being widened when I passed by the village.
现在完成时 have/ has been+过去分词 The work has been finished on time.
含情态动词 can/may/ must be+过去分词 Books can’t be taken out of the reading room .
三、主动形式表示被动含义
1.表示主语的性质、特征的动词,如: read, sell, wash, write等 The cloth washes well. (这种布料很容易洗。)
2.感官动词,如:smell, feel, taste, look, sound等 This piece of music sounds good. (这段音乐听起来不错。)
3.某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义,如:need, want, require, worth等 need doing = need to be done The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. (这辆自行车需要修理。)
4.“主语+be+ adj. +to do”结构中,to do 用主动形式表达被动含义 The question is easy to answer. (这个问题容易回答。)
【拓展:被动形式表达主动含义的短语】 be seated坐着; be hidden躲藏; be lost迷路; be drunk喝醉; be dressed穿着
四、不能使用被动语态的情况
1.不及物动词及不及物动词短语无被动,如:appear, disappear, die, fail, last(持续), happen, take place, break out, break down, belong to, come out等 A fire broke out during the night. (昨晚发生了火灾。)
2.系动词无被动,如:be, feel, sound, look, smell, taste等 Although he is 50 years old, he looks young.(尽管他已经50多岁了,但是他看上去很年轻。)
3.某些静态动词无被动,如:have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等 My shoes don’t fit me. (我的鞋不合适。)
4.反身代词或相互代词作宾语的句子不能用被动语态 We have helped each other for over two years. (我们相互帮助有两年多了。)
典型例题
一、单项选择
1.— Will you go to Lisa’s housewarming party next Sunday
— Well, if I ________, I will go on time.
A.invite B.will be invited C.am invited
2.As the most exciting and traditional way to shop, street markets _________ here and there in China these days.
A.find B.are found C.found
3.Tianhui-5 satellite ________ into space in November, 2023.
A.was sent B.sent C.sends D.is sent
4.—As China becomes strong, Chinese culture has been popular in the world.
—Yeah. And Chinese ________ by more and more people.
A.speak B.speaks C.is spoken D.is speaking
5.The movie is very popular in young people. It ________ by a new director.
A.will direct B.directed C.will be directed D.was directed
6.Amy ________ by her teacher for throwing the litter around.
A.repaired B.punished C.was punished D.was repaired
7.A lot of trees ________ along the river last year.
A.planted B.are planted C.plant D.were planted
8.He likes reading very much. Most of his money __________ on books.
A.are spent B.spend C.spends D.is spent
9.—New energy vehicles (汽车) _________ by more and more people now.
—You’re right. Technology has improved our lives.
A.will be used B.were used C.are used D.used
10.In our school, lunch ________ from 11:30 am to 12:30 pm this term.
A.served B.serves C.was served D.is served
11.Everyone in our class __________ to study hard for the high school entrance exam.
A.is encouraged B.encourages C.are encouraging D.are encouraged
12.The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022.
A.is held B.will hold C.were held
二、完成句子
13.is, wine, grapes, made from
.
14.was, where, made, it
15.第24届冬季奥运会将于2022年在北京和张家口举办。
The 24th Winter Olympic Games in Beijing & Zhangjiakou in 2022.
16.这场世界杯足球比赛现场直播,持续大约一个半小时。
The World Cup football match was , and it lasted for about .
17.她被邀请参加下一场的知识竞赛。
She in next quiz show.
18.在古希腊,妇女不被允许观看奥林匹克运动会。
In ancient Greece, women were not watch the Olympics.
19.这首诗已经被翻译成了多种语言。
This poem has into many kinds of languages.
20.在德国说什么语言?
What language in Germany
21.很多工作要求大学学历和基本的电脑知识。
Many jobs a college degree and basic computer knowledge.
三、单词拼写
22.When he was (采访) by the reporter, he was a little nervous.
23.Teenagers should (allow) to study with their friends.
24.The old man is ill badly. He must to the hospital right away. (send)
25.Animals that are (lock) in zoos don’t feel happy.
26.To learn English well, students should be (encourage) to speak as much as possible.
27.This point (not mention) at the meeting last week.
28.My bike (steal) last night, so I walked to school this morning.
29.Chinese (speak) by the most people in the world.
30.How is the problem (solve)
31.Fishing (not allow) in order to protect the ecosystem of Nanjing River.
参考答案:
1.C
【详解】句意:——下星期天你会去参加丽莎的乔迁派对吗?——嗯,如果我被邀请,我会准时去的。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。invite动词原形,邀请;will be invited一般将来时的被动语态,将被邀请;am invited一般现在时的被动语态,被邀请。根据“Well, if I…, I will go on time.”可知,此处为if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,从句中主语“I”与动词之间为被动关系,因此此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
2.B
【详解】句意:作为最令人兴奋和最传统的购物方式,街市如今在中国随处可见。
查动词的时态和语态。根据“these days”可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语street markets和谓语动词find是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态:be done。故选B。
3.A
【详解】句意:天绘五号卫星于2023年11月发射升空。
考查被动语态。主语“Tianhui-5 satellite”和谓语动词send“发射”之间是被动关系。根据“in November, 2023”可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态:was/were +done,主语是第三人称单数,send的过去分词是sent。故选A。
4.C
【详解】句意:——随着中国的强大,中国文化在世界范围内流行起来。——是啊,越来越多的人说中文了。
考查被动语态。Chinese“中文”与谓语动词speak“说” 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;根据“As China has become stronger...”可知,该句应用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”。故选C。
5.D
【详解】句意:这部电影在年轻人中很受欢迎。它是由一位新导演执导的。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“The movie is very popular in young people.”可知电影已经拍摄了,结合“It”与“by a new director”可知设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态,只有D选项符合语境。故选D。
6.C
【详解】句意:艾米因为乱扔垃圾而受到老师的惩罚。
考查被动语态和动词辨析。repaired修复;punished惩罚;was punished受到了惩罚;was repaired被修复。根据“for throwing the litter around.”可知,乱扔垃圾被惩罚了,结合by可知,应用被动语态。故选C。
7.D
【详解】句意:去年河边种了很多树。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last year”可知,此句是一般过去时;“trees”和“plant”之间存在被动关系,表示“树是被种的”,因此用被动语态“be done”的形式,主语是可数名词复数,即用were planted。故选D。
8.D
【详解】句意:他非常喜欢读书。他的大部分钱都花在买书上了。
考查语态与主谓一致。根据“Most of his money”可知,主语money与spend之间是动宾关系,因此用被动语态be done,且主语是不可数名词,视作单数,be用is。故选D。
9.C
【详解】句意:——现在新能源汽车被越来越多的人使用。——对的。科技已经改变了我们的生活。
考查一般现在时被动语态。根据“New energy vehicles (汽车)…by more and more people now.”可知,主语和谓语动词之间存在动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且此处时态是一般现在时,主语是复数,因此系动词用are。故选C。
10.D
【详解】句意: 在我们学校,午餐供应时间从上午11:30到下午12:30。
考查被动语态。句子陈述的是一般性情况,时态用一般现在时,且主语lunch和谓语动词serve之间是被动关系,因此要用被动语态; 一般现在时的被动语态结构为“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”,故选D。
11.A
【详解】句意:我们班的每个人都被鼓励要为中考努力学习。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Everyone in our class...to study hard for the high school entrance exam.”可知,主语everyone与谓语动词encourage之间为被动关系,时态为一般现在时,主语为单数,结构为is done。故选A。
12.C
【详解】句意:第24届冬季奥运会于2022年在北京和张家口举行。
考查被动语态。主语“The 24th Winter Olympic Game”与谓语动词“hold”是被动关系,即“被举行”。结合“in 2022”可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选C。
13.Wine is made from grapes
【详解】根据标点可知,此句是肯定句。分析所给单词,be made from“由……制成”;wine“酒”,作主语;grapes“葡萄”,作宾语。故答案为Wine is made from grapes“酒是由葡萄酿制成的”。
14.Where was it made
【详解】句意:它是在哪里制造的 根据所给的词和标点,可知本题为特殊疑问句,且为一般过去时态。Where为疑问词,be动词was放到疑问词后,代词it作主语,made为过去分词与was构成被动语态。故填Where was it made“它是在哪里制造的”。
15.will be held
【详解】根据汉语提示可知,空格处缺少“将于……举办”的英文表达。主语The 24th Winter Olympic Games与hold“举办”之间是被动关系,且时态为一般将来时,应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be held。
16. broadcast live one and a half hours/one hour and a half
【详解】现场直播:broadcast live,此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态;一个半小时:one and a half hours/one hour and a half。故填broadcast live;one and a half hours/one hour and a half。
17.was invited to compete
【详解】be invited to do sth.“被邀请做某事”;compete“参加竞赛”,为动词;结合句意可知,时态应为一般过去时,主语“She”为三单,故be动词需用was;故填was invited to compete。
18. allowed to
【详解】allow“允许”,动词;根据“women were not”可知,本句为一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done),sb. be not allowed to do sth.“某人不被允许做某事”,所以第一个空填动词过去分词形式allowed,第二个空填to。故填allowed;to。
19. been translated
【详解】根据中英文提示可知,translate“翻译”,动词,主语“This poem”和动词之间是被动关系,结合“has”可知,句中时态为现在完成时,所以此处使用现在完成时的被动语态(have/has been done)。故填been;translated。
20. is spoken
【详解】分析句子可知,主语language和谓语speak之间是被动关系,且描述客观情况,用一般现在时的被动语态be done,主语是单数,be动词用is。故填is;spoken。
21.are required
【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据中文提示可知主语“Many jobs”和谓语动词之间存在被动关系,被动语态的结构是be动词+动词的过去分词。require表示“需要”的意思,是动词,过去分词是required,根据句意可知是一般现在时,主语是复数,be动词用are。故填are required。
22.interviewed
【详解】句意:当他接受记者采访时,他有点紧张。根据“by the reporter”以及“was”可知该句是一般过去时的被动语态,因此设空处填动词的过去分词,interview“采访”,其过去分词是interviewed。故填interviewed。
23.be allowed
【详解】句意:青少年应该被允许和他们的朋友一起学习。根据“Teenagers should…to study with their friends.”可知,此处指的是青少年应该被允许和他们的朋友一起学习,主语Teenagers是所给谓语动词allow的动作承受者,句子应用被动语态,其结构为“be+过去分词”;空前为情态动词should,其后接动词原形,空处应填be allowed。故填be allowed。
24.be sent
【详解】句意:这位老人病得很厉害,必须马上把他送到医院去。分析句意和语境可知考查must的被动语态must be done“必须被做”,send的过去分词为sent。故填be sent。
25.locked
【详解】句意:被关在动物园里的动物不会感到快乐。根据“Animals”和“lock”可知,此处是定语从句,两者之间存在被动关系,结构为be+done,lock的过去分词是locked。故填locked。
26.encouraged
【详解】句意:为了学好英语,应该鼓励学生尽可能多地说英语。主语“students”与动词“encourage”是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态be done,encourage的过去分词是encouraged。故填encouraged。
27.wasn’t mentioned
【详解】句意:这一点在上周的会议上没有被提及。根据“last week”可判断该句是一般过去时,“This point”是单数名词,且与“mention”之间存在被动关系,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wasn’t mentioned。
28.was stolen
【详解】句意:我的自行车昨晚被偷了,所以我今天早上走路去了学校。“My bike”作主语,为动作的承受者,用动词被动语态be done。又根据“last night”可知,时态为一般过去时,主语“My bike”为单数,因此be动词用was。故填was stolen。
29.is spoken
【详解】句意:汉语是世界上最多人说的语言。主语Chinese和speak之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语态,此处是陈述事实,所以用一般现在时的被动语态。主语是Chinese,be动词用is;speak要变成过去分词。故填is spoken。
30.solved
【详解】句意:问题是怎么解决的?solve“解决”,动词。根据“How is the problem...”可知,主语“the problem”是动作的承受者,应用被动语态be done,solve的过去分词是solved。故填solved。
31.is not allowed
【详解】句意:为了保护南京河流的生态系统,禁止捕鱼。根据提示词not allow“不允许”可知,主语Fishing与动词allow之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态:be+动词的过去分词,动名词做主语,be动词要用is。故填is not allowed。
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