沈阳市第 120 中学 2023-2024 学年度上学期高三年级第四次质量监测
英语试题
满分: 150 分 时间: 120 分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题; 每题1.5分, 共7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18 C. 9.15.
1. What did the man do yesterday
A. He hurt his face.
B. He went to the dentist.
C. He had a tooth pulled out.
2. What does the woman think of local newspapers
A. Puzzling. B. Satisfying. C. Disappointing.
3. Where are the speakers
A. In a bank. B. At a restaurant. C. In a cinema.
4. What is the man doing
A. Planning a vacation.
B. Keeping a secret.
C. Telling good news.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. A song. B. A novel. C. A film.
第二节(共15 小题; 每小题1.5 分,满分 22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题， 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6. Why did the man make the phone call
A. To ask for a meeting.
B. To have a discussion.
C. To make a reservation.
7. When will the speakers have dinner together
A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
8. Where did the woman learn about the apartment
A. In the newspaper. B. On the Internet. C. On TV.
9. How much is the monthly rent
A. About 150. B. About 300. C. About 600.
10. What will bring about an extra fee
A. Heat. B. Parking. C. Electricity.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
11. Why did the speakers get there early
A. To attend a class.
B. To get good seats.
C. To buy some food.
12. Which seats are the speakers least likely to choose
A. The seats in the front.
B. The seats in the middle.
C. The seats in the back.
13. What are they probably doing
A. They are queuing.
B. They are talking about a film.
C. They are buying some popcorn.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
14. What is the man doing
A. Hosting a program.
B. Attending a meeting.
C. Making a presentation.
15. What makes Hillary nervous
A. Connecting kids.
B Giving a public speech.
C. Singing a song on stage.
16. What can better change the world according to Hillary
A. Education. B. Politics. C. Business.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
17. What is Habitat for Humanity
A. A farm. B. An organization. C. A community.
18. Why did the Fullers found Habitat for Humanity
A. To make profits.
B. To live a simple life.
C. To provide shelter for the poor.
19. Who must take part in building Habitat houses
A. House owners.
B. Local authorities.
C. Building companies.
20. What do we know about Habitat houses
A. They are free. B. They are expensive. C. They are cheap.
第二部分
阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 (共 13 小题;每题 2.5 分,共 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
It’s said that architecture should speak of its time and place, but long for timelessness. It’s no wonder that some of the most creative designs are implemented on college campuses, where students learn from the past and grow from new perspectives. As students from all over the world meet again for the school year, these campuses offer different points of view, not only through their courses, but also through their unconventional building styles. Here are college buildings around the world that present different angles.
On Island Time
Venice International University
VENICE, ITALY
At VIU, located in a lagoon(泻湖) on the island of San Servolo, the only way to get to campus is by water. The architecture is symbolic of the island’s rich history—transformed from monastery(修道院) to hospital, with remains of the vineyards and gardens that once covered much of the land.
Mountain Construction
University of Cape Town
CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA
Nestled just below Devil’s Peak, this university uses geography as architecture, with the buildings melding(融合) into a mountainous backdrop. It’s a setting that comes with risk, though; last year, a wildfire on the slope raged through the campus, destroying several historic buildings, including the library and its special collections. Restoration efforts are still in progress.
Dean of Dumplings
Nanyang Technological University
SINGAPORE
If this student center has you desire dumplings, you’re not alone—the building, actually named The Hive, is also referred to as the “dim sum building” for its similarity to piles of steamer baskets. Not everyone agrees though; The Architectural Review compared the building to “something of a deserted car-park aesthetic(美感，美学).”
1. How can you get to Venice International University
A. By bike. B. By train. C. By taxi. D. By boat.
2. What happened to University of Cape Town last year
A. The campus was damaged by accident.
B. The buildings survived a natural disaster.
C. The library and collections were restored.
D. The campus was built below Devil’s Peak.
3. Which description of The Hive will The Architectural Review probably agree to
A. Simple. B. Lonely. C. Historical. D. Lifelike.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些最具创意设计的大学建筑，包括意大利威尼斯国际大学、开普敦大学和南洋理工大学。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章的Venice International University部分的“At VIU, located in a lagoon(泻湖) on the island of San Servolo, the only way to get to campus is by water.”（位于环礁湖的VIU在圣塞沃洛岛上，前往校园的唯一途径是水路。）可知，唯一到达的路径是水路。D项“By boat.”（乘船。）符合原文表述，故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章的University of Cape Town部分的“last year, a wildfire on the slope raged through the campus, destroying several historic buildings, including the library and its special collections. Restoration efforts are still in progress.”（去年，斜坡上的一场野火肆虐校园，摧毁了几座历史建筑，包括图书馆及其特殊藏品。恢复工作仍在进行中。）可知，去年这里因为一场意外，发生了一次火灾，校园遭受了重创。A项“The campus was damaged by accident.”（校园因意外而受损。）符合原文表述，故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的Nanyang Technological University部分的“Not everyone agrees though; The Architectural Review compared the building to something of a deserted car-park aesthetic(美感，美学).”（但并非所有人都同意：《建筑评论》将该建筑比作“一个荒废的停车场美学”。）可知，根据《建筑评论》，这里是“荒废的”，可以推测《建筑评论》认为这里也是“孤独的”。B项“Lonely”（孤单的）最符合推断，故选B项。
B
Tim Holland is 18 years old and a senior at Lucy C. Laney Comprehensive High School in Augusta, Georgia. Ever since he was young, Holland has been loving animals, particularly the cold-blooded kind. He decided to try herping (野采), something most young men like him aren’t into, in 2020 and said the first time was “low-key and hard” because he didn’t know exactly where the animals were.
After a while, Holland gained hands-on experience and developed a sharp eye. Influenced by him, some of his friends tried out herping too. One of these friends, Ro Smith, encouraged him to start a TikTok page about herping. It took some convincing, but Holland eventually decided to try it and started his TikTok page Nukherping. The general format of his videos is pretty simple: Holland shows animals he has found, says a bit about them and then repeats, with the desire to make them known to the viewers. He has slowly become very popular, with his biggest video gaining over 2 million views in early April.
Though his videos are laid-back, Holland takes herping safety very seriously and hopes his audience could take it seriously, too. Holland keeps a distance from the dangerous animals he finds and adds warnings to videos with such creatures, telling his viewers “do not try this at home”. He also carries equipment such as hand sanitizer, gloves and snake sticks to ensure safety and cleanliness.
Holland hopes to travel after graduating from high school so he can check off some of the animals on his “must-see” list. He also plans to study zoology at North Greenville University in South Carolina and play on the soccer team there.
Some people around Holland think Holland is crazy for what he does, but his mother, Latasha, takes a different view. “I think that’s gonna be very interesting. He can inspire and educate other young boys and girls with his experience, and it’s also something that’s going to be good for the community,” she said.
4. What does Holland want to do with Nukherping
A. Attract people to herping.
B. Spread knowledge about animals.
C. Support his friend Ro Smith.
D. Call on people to protect animals.
5. Which belongs to Holland’s future plan
A. Traveling around the world.
B. Going into teaching young children.
C. Becoming a zoology major.
D. Playing for the national soccer team.
6. Which words can best describe Holland
A. Ambitious and energetic.
B. Adventurous and inspiring.
C. Devoted and responsible.
D. Cautious and sharp-minded.
7. What is Holland’s mother’s attitude to his herping
A. Concerned. B. Critical. C. Indifferent. D. Favorable.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。蒂姆·霍兰德今年18岁，是乔治亚州奥古斯塔市露西·兰尼综合高中的高三学生，他热爱动物，喜欢野采，他创建了自己的TikTok账号Nukherping，向大家介绍动物知识，受到了很大的欢迎。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“The general format of his videos is pretty simple: Holland shows animals he has found, says a bit about them and then repeats, with the desire to make them known to the viewers.(他的视频的一般格式非常简单：霍兰德展示他发现的动物，说一些关于它们的事情，然后重复，希望让观众了解它们。)”可知，霍兰德想用Nukherping传播动物知识。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“He also plans to study zoology at North Greenville University in South Carolina and play on the soccer team there.(他还计划在南卡罗来纳州的北格林维尔大学学习动物学，并在那里的足球队踢球。)”可知，主修动物学属于霍兰德的未来计划。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“He decided to try herping (野采), something most young men like him aren’t into, in 2020 and said the first time was “low-key and hard” because he didn’t know exactly where the animals were.(他决定在2020年尝试野采，这是大多数像他这样的年轻人都不喜欢的事情，他说第一次“低调而艰难”，因为他不知道动物的确切位置。)”可知，霍兰德很有冒险精神。根据最后一段最后一句中的“He can inspire and educate other young boys and girls with his experience, and it’s also something that’s going to be good for the community(他可以用他的经历激励和教育其他年轻的男孩和女孩，这对社区也有好处)”可知，霍兰德很有激励性。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“I think that’s gonna be very interesting. He can inspire and educate other young boys and girls with his experience, and it’s also something that’s going to be good for the community(我觉得那会很有趣。他可以用他的经历激励和教育其他年轻的男孩和女孩，这对社区也有好处)”可知，霍兰德的妈妈对他的野采持支持态度。故选D。
C
Lisa Gautier receives nearly a dozen parcels of human hair every day. With her San-Francisco-based non-profit organization Matter of Trust, Gautier turns donated hair into mats used to soak up oil spills on land, and booms(long tubes)used for spills at sea.
A standard way to clean up oil from land is to use mats made from polypropylene(聚丙烯). But polypropylene is a non-biodegradable plastic, and producing it ultimately means more drilling for oil. Hair, by contrast, is an environmentally friendly resource that can soak up around five times its weight in oil, according to Matter of Trust, and it is abundant.
Oil spills can pollute drinking water, endanger public health, harm plants and wildlife, and damage the economy. According to Gautier, the spills that hit the headlines only make up 5% of global oil pollution.
Megan Murray, an environmental biologist at the University of Technology Sydney, develops sustainable technologies to tackle oil spills. Her research indicates that as well as being biodegradable, human hair is often just as effective as polypropylene, and in some circumstances even better. “The hair mats are very beneficial to land spills,” says Murray but adds that when raw oil is spilled on beach sand, it is very difficult to absorb it using any of the materials she has tested. Another advantage of hair is that it costs less than conventional materials and is “globally available as a recycled material,” she says.
However, Murray cautions that hair mats are not a perfect solution, because they are single-use, and can only be dealt with by burning or by burying into soil which then isn’t suitable for growing food. She is now researching methods to extract the oil from a used hair mat, meaning both can be reused.
As the hair mat designs aren’t under patent, other groups have begun producing their own mats and booms. Gautier is pleased to see the movement growing. “Anyone can make a hair mat,” she says. “It creates green jobs, it cleans water, it reduces waste in landfill, and it’s promoting renewable resources.”
8. What do we know about polypropylene according to the passage
A. It is environmentally friendly.
B. People need more oil to produce it.
C. It can soak up around five times its weight in oil.
D. People seldom use mats made from it to clean up oil from land.
9. What does Megan Murray think of the hair mats
A. Hair mats do no harm to soil after being burnt.
B. People spend more to make hair mats than conventional materials.
C. The effect of hair mats on terrestrial(陆地上的)spills is not very good.
D. Hair mats are not a perfect solution because they can’t be recycled now.
10. What can we infer from the passage
A. Most oil-spill events have received widespread media coverage.
B. Lisa Gautier donated her hair to soak up oil spills on land and at sea.
C. Megan Murray goes all out to make the hair mats and the oil extracted from them reused.
D. There are many other materials used to treat oil spills on beach sand besides hair.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. Human Hair Is Being Used to Clean Up Oil Spills
B. A Perfect Recycled Material—Human Hair
C. Take Action to Make Hair Mats And Booms
D. How to Tackle Oil Spills
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了用头发制成发垫可以用于吸收陆地上的和海上的石油泄漏。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“A standard way to clean up oil from land is to use mats made from polypropylene. But polypropylene is a non-biodegradable plastic, and producing it ultimately means more drilling for oil.(清理陆地油污的一个标准方法是使用聚丙烯制成的垫子。但聚丙烯是一种不可生物降解的塑料，生产它最终意味着更多的石油钻探)”可知，生产聚丙烯就意味着更多的石油钻探。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“However, Murray cautions that hair mats are not a perfect solution, because they are single-use, and can only be dealt with by burning or by burying into soil which then isn’t suitable for growing food. (然而，默里警告说，发垫不是完美的解决方案，因为它们是一次性使用的，只能通过焚烧或埋进不适合种植食物的土壤中来处理)”可知，梅根·默里觉得发垫不是一个完美的解决方案，因为它们现在无法回收。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“However, Murray cautions that hair mats are not a perfect solution, because they are single-use, and can only be dealt with by burning or by burying into soil which then isn’t suitable for growing food. She is now researching methods to extract the oil from a used hair mat, meaning both can be reused.(然而，默里警告说，发垫不是完美的解决方案，因为它们是一次性使用的，只能通过焚烧或埋进不适合种植食物的土壤中来处理。她现在正在研究从用过的发垫中提取油的方法，这意味着两者都可以重复使用)”可知，梅根·默里竭尽全力使发垫和从中提取的油重复使用。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Lisa Gautier receives nearly a dozen parcels of human hair every day. With her San-Francisco-based non-profit organization Matter of Trust, Gautier turns donated hair into mats used to soak up oil spills on land, and booms(long tubes)used for spills at sea.(丽莎·戈蒂埃每天都会收到近12包人发。戈蒂埃在她位于旧金山的非营利组织“信任之事”(Matter of Trust)中，将捐赠的头发制成垫子，用于吸收陆地上的石油泄漏，以及用于海上泄漏的油栅(长管))”以及最后一段中“Gautier is pleased to see the movement growing. “Anyone can make a hair mat,” she says. “It creates green jobs, it cleans water, it reduces waste in landfill, and it’s promoting renewable resources.”(戈蒂埃很高兴看到这一运动的发展。“任何人都可以制作发垫，”她说。“它创造了绿色就业机会，它净化了水，它减少了垃圾填埋场的垃圾，它促进了可再生资源的发展。”)”可知，本文主要讲述了人类头发可以被用来清理石油泄漏，所以最好的标题是A.Human Hair Is Being Used to Clean Up Oil Spills(人类头发被用来清理石油泄漏)。故选A。
D
Applied Ethics
Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.
The researchers investigated one class session’s impact on eating meat. According to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unbeknownst to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester — nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students. “It’s an awesome data set,” says Nina Strohminger, a psychologist who teaches business ethics at the University of Pennsylvania and was not involved in the study.
Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent — and this effect held steady for the study’s duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.
“That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention.” Schwitzgebel says. Strohminger agrees: “The thing that still blows my mind is that the only thing that’s different between these two cases is just that one day in class.” She says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real. Strohminger notes it might be reversible by another nudge: “Easy come, easy go.”
Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence — classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants’ eating habits and students’ video exposure. Meanwhile Schwitzgebel who had predicted no effect — will be eating his words.
12. Paragraph 2 is mainly about .
A. Research reasons and process
B. Research subjects and findings
C. Research topic and significance
D. Research data collection and analysis
13. Which of the following doesn’t lead to the researchers’ investigation into meat-eating among students
A. Students’ knowledge of the topic.
B. Students’ easily-measured behaviors.
C. Students’ changeable and unsteady attitudes.
D. Students’ unawareness of ethics lessons’ impact.
14. What does the underlined phrase “blows my mind” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Convinces me. B. Upsets me. C. Alarms me. D. Amazes me.
15. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To prove Schwitzgebel’s prediction is wrong.
B. To show teaching works in behavior changing.
C. To explain students are easy to make a change.
D. To justify investigation into ethics is worthwhile.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，证明了道德课会对学生行为产生影响。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。由第二段中的“The researchers investigated one class session’s impact on eating meat. (研究人员调查了一节课对吃肉的影响)”和“Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unbeknownst to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester — nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students. (四个大型哲学班的一半学生阅读了一篇关于工厂化养殖肉类伦理的文章，有选择地观看了一段11分钟的视频，并参加了50分钟的讨论。另一半则专注于慈善捐赠。然后，在学生们不知情的情况下，研究人员研究了他们在该学期购买的匿名餐卡——近500名学生的近14000张收据)”可知，第二段主要讲为了调查一节课对吃肉的影响而实施的研究过程，即研究原因和过程。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. (学生对这个话题的态度是多变和不稳定的，行为很容易衡量，伦理文献基本上同意少吃肉类是好的，因为它可以减少对环境的伤害和动物的痛苦)”可知，学生对该主题的了解（相关伦理文献）、学生易于衡量的行为和学生多变和不稳定的态度都是导致了研究人员对学生吃肉的调查，D项“学生不知道道德课的影响”未提及。故选D项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。由第四段中的““That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention.” Schwitzgebel says. Strohminger agrees: “The thing that still blows my mind is that the only thing that’s different between these two cases is just that one day in class.”(“对于一个很小的干预来说，这实际上是一个相当大的影响。”Schwitzgebel说。Strohminger对此表示赞同：“blows my mind的东西是，这两种情况之间唯一不同的地方就是上课的那一天。”)”可知，很小的干预有很大影响，这反差令人震惊，Strohminger也表示同意。由此推知，划线短语blows my mind应该是“令我震惊”的同义或近义词，选项D“令我惊讶”与之意义最为接近。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects. (尽管伦理学课程在世界各地都很常见，但科学家们不确定他们的课程是否真的能改变行为；无论哪种方式的证据都很薄弱，依赖于人为的实验室测试或有时不可靠的自我报告。但发表在《认知》杂志上的一项新研究发现，至少在一种现实世界中，一堂伦理课可能会产生持久的影响)”，第四段中的““That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention.” Schwitzgebel says. (“对于一个很小的干预来说，这实际上是一个相当大的影响。”Schwitzgebel说)”和最后一段中的“Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence — classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants’ eating habits and students’ video exposure. (Schwitzgebel怀疑最大的影响来自社会影响——领导讨论的同学或助教可能分享了他们自己的素食主义，这表明素食主义是可以实现的或更普遍。其次，视频可能产生了情感影响。他认为，最不令人振奋的是理性的论点，尽管他的合著者说理性可能会发挥更大的作用。现在，研究人员正在探索教学风格、助教的饮食习惯和学生的视频曝光的具体影响)”可知，研究的主要目的是讲述道德课对行为会产生影响，即证明对道德的调查是值得的。故选D项。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It was time for Macy to move. She booked a few house viewings and after looking at three places, she fell in love with one house. But that night a feeling of doubt and uncertainty entered her head.____16____Will the others be cheaper
We’ve all found ourselves in such situations, whether we’re considering job offers or buying a new car. It’s a problem that involves mathematics and psychology. And it’s got a name: the optimal (最优的) stopping problem.____17____It’s asking how long we spend sampling options to give the optimal chances of a successful final decision .
Mathematicians have given us an answer: 37%. The basic idea is that, if we need to make a decision from 100 different options, we should sample and give up the first 37.____18____It’s a period during which we identify what works and what does not. From the rejected 37%, we choose the best and keep that information in our heads moving forward.
Mathematics offers us the best answer to the “optimal stopping problem”. But there’s just one big issue: Humans are not rational probability-calculating machines. In fact, the opposite is usually true.____19____In the psychological and economics field, there is an “explore/ exploit trade-off”. This asks whether we should go with a guaranteed “win” (exploit) or risk going somewhere else for an unknown outcome(explore). The degree to which someone will explore or exploit depends on various factors.____20____Of course, different people are more explorative or exploitative at different times. Teenagers and traders tend to explore more. Adults and managers exploit more.
A. What if the next house is better
B. How much does it cost a month
C. The 37% rule is not some mindless, automatic thing.
D. And it ties in with how curious or risk-seeking we are.
E. It’s then necessary for us to improve our computing power.
F. So it falls on psychology to tell us about how we actually behave.
G. The mathematical question for Macy concerns maximizing probabilities.
【答案】16. A 17. G 18. C 19. F 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。无论是考虑工作机会还是购买新车，我们都遇到过这样的情况难以选择的问题，这是一个涉及数学和心理学的问题。它有一个名字：最优停止问题。
【16题详解】
根据上文“But that night a feeling of doubt and uncertainty entered her head.(但是那天晚上，一种怀疑和不确定的感觉进入了她的脑海)”以及后文“Will the others be cheaper (其他的会更便宜吗 )”可知，本句与后文并列，都是针对内心的怀疑进行设问。故A选项“如果下一套房子更好呢 ”符合语境，故选A。
【17题详解】
根据上文“We’ve all found ourselves in such situations, whether we’re considering job offers or buying a new car. It’s a problem that involves mathematics and psychology. And it’s got a name: the optimal (最优的) stopping problem.(我们都遇到过这样的情况，无论是考虑工作机会还是购买新车。这是一个涉及数学和心理学的问题。它有一个名字：最优停止问题)”结合上文提到梅西的情况推知，本句总结第一段梅西的问题。故G选项“梅西的数学问题涉及概率最大化”符合语境，故选G。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Mathematicians have given us an answer: 37%. The basic idea is that, if we need to make a decision from 100 different options, we should sample and give up the first 37.(数学家给了我们一个答案：37%。其基本思想是，如果我们需要从100个不同的选择中做出决定，我们应该抽样并放弃前37个)”以及后文“It’s a period during which we identify what works and what does not. From the rejected 37%, we choose the best and keep that information in our heads moving forward.(在这段时间里，我们确定什么可行，什么不可行。从被拒绝的37%中，我们选择最好的，并把这些信息记在脑子里继续前进)”可知，上文下文提到了37%的规则，可知本句应承上启下，故C选项“37%的规则并不是什么无意识的、自动的东西”符合语境，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“In fact, the opposite is usually true.(事实上，通常情况正好相反)”以及后文“In the psychological and economics field, there is an “explore/ exploit trade-off”.(在心理学和经济学领域，存在一种“探索/利用的权衡”)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出应该由心理学来解释我们的行为。故F选项“所以我们应该由心理学来解释我们的行为”符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上文“The degree to which someone will explore or exploit depends on various factors.(一个人探索或利用的程度取决于各种因素)”以及后文“Of course, different people are more explorative or exploitative at different times. Teenagers and traders tend to explore more. Adults and managers exploit more.(当然，不同的人在不同的时期会更具探索性或剥削性。青少年和商人倾向于探索更多。成年人和管理者剥削更多)”可知，一个人探索或利用的程度取决于各种因素，且后文提到了探索和剥削，由此可知，因素可能与我们的好奇心和冒险精神有关。故D选项“这与我们的好奇心和冒险精神有关”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 语言应用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Dave Player is the founder and CEO of Team BRIT, a car racing team. He wants to____21____his team in the 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance sports car race in 2024. He explains, “If you're an endurance racer, you'll be____22____to compete in the race. Attending this famous event is the____23____of every racing driver.”
If the team gains____24____to the world's most demanding endurance race , they’ll____25____the history books as the first all disabled team to do so. Some drivers with____26____have taken part in it, but____27____as wild cards. “We don't want to ____28____them, ”Dave insists. “We want to compete on a____29____playing field like others, as a statement that even as disabled racing drivers we_____30_____on the world stage.”
Dave set up the charity KartForce in 2010 as a way for_____31_____retired soldiers to use motorsport for recovery. He went on to start Team BRIT in 2015. Team member Bobby Trundle, who has_____32_____himself to car racing for years, says, “Car racing has_____33_____my life. Mentally, it's like relaxation and also I develop deep_____34_____for the excitement. When I'm behind the wheel, my autism (自闭症) doesn't_____35_____me. In fact, I consider it to be a super power of mine.”
21.
A. assist B. involve C. encourage D. land
22.
A. fortunate B. ready C. anxious D. willing
23.
A. destination B. result C. reward D. dream
24.
A. admission B. exposure C. promotion D. reference
25.
A. revise B. create C. enter D. keep
26.
A. expectations B. disabilities C. ambition D. concern
27.
A. obviously B. probably C. rarely D. merely
28.
A. follow B. evaluate C. miss D. ignore
29.
A. special B. level C. formal D. professional
30.
A. survive B. win C. progress D. belong
31.
A. enthusiastic B. energetic C. injured D. determined
32.
A. applied B. abandoned C. addressed D. adapted
33.
A. shaped B. guaranteed C. transformed D. saved
34.
A. respect B. love C. motivation D. pity
35.
A. get at B. go after C. make for D. turn against
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了DavePlayer创立了TeamBRIT车队，希望在2024年的勒芒24小时耐力赛中参赛，成为历史上首支由残疾人组成的车队。该车队成立的宗旨是为曾受伤退役的士兵提供康复机会，并为残疾赛车手创造一个公正、平等、展示自己能力的机会。其中一名成员鲍比·特伦德尔表示，参与赛车运动对他的康复有很大帮助，他将自己的自闭症看作是一项超能力。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想让他的车队参加2024年的勒芒24小时耐力赛车赛。A. assist帮助；B. involve参加，卷入；C. encourage鼓励；D. land降落。根据“Attending this famous event is the ____3____ of every racing driver.”可知，他想要让车队参加本次比赛。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果你是一名耐力运动员，你会急于参加比赛。参加这项著名的赛事是每个赛车手的梦想。”A. fortunate幸运的；B. ready准备好的；C. anxious渴望的；D. willing愿意的。根据“Attending this famous event is the ____3____ of every racing driver.”可知，参加这项比赛是每个赛车手的梦想，所以每个人都急于参加这个比赛。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. destination目的地；B. result结果；C. reward奖励；D. dream梦想。根据“of every racing driver”可知，参加这次比赛是每个赛车手的梦想。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这支队伍获准参加世界上要求最高的耐力赛，他们将作为第一支全残疾人参加的队伍而载入史册。A. admission入场费；B. exposure暴露；C. promotion提升；D. reference引用。根据“to the world's most demanding endurance race”可知，该队伍获得本次比赛的入场券。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. revise修订；B. create创造；C. enter进入；D. keep保持。根据“he history books as the first all disabled team to do so”可知，如果该队伍能够获得比赛的入场券，参加比赛，将会作为第一支全残疾人参加的队伍而载入史册。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些残疾司机也参加了，但仅仅是作为“外卡”选手(即没有正常参赛资格而参赛)。A. expectations期待；B. disabilities残疾；C. ambition雄心，壮志；D. concern关心。根据“as the first all disabled team to do so”可知，有一些残疾的司机作为没有正式参赛资格的选手而参赛。故选B。
27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. obviously明显地；B. probably可能地；C. rarely几乎不，罕见地；D. merely仅仅。根据“as wild cards.”可知，一些残疾人司机参加比赛仅仅作为“外卡”选手。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们不想跟随他们，”Dave坚持说。A. follow跟随；B. evaluate评估；C. miss错过，想念；D. ignore忽视。根据“We want to compete on a ____9____ playing field like others”可知，Dave坚持他和团队成员不要像一些残疾人司机座位“外卡”选手来参赛，而是希望像其他人一样在一个公平的竞争环境中竞争。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们希望像其他人一样在一个公平的竞争环境中竞争，以此表明，即使作为残疾赛车手，我们也属于世界舞台。”A. special特殊的；B. level相同地位的；C. formal正式的；D. professional专业的。根据“playing field like others, as a statement that even as disabled racing drivers we ____10____ on the world stage.”可知，Dave希望他们像其他人一样在一个公平的竞争环境中竞争，大家都是相同地位的参赛者，而不是“外卡”选手。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. survive幸存；B. win获胜；C. progress进步；D. belong属于。根据“on the world stage”可知，Dave认为即使作为残疾赛车手，他们也属于世界舞台。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Dave在2010年成立了慈善机构KartForce，希望受伤的退役士兵可以通过赛车运动来恢复健康。A. enthusiastic充满热情的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. injured受伤的；D. determined坚决的。根据“for recovery”可知，Dave在2010年成立了慈善机构KartForce，希望受伤的退役士兵可以通过赛车运动来恢复健康。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：车队成员鲍比·特伦德尔多年来一直致力于赛车，他说：“赛车改变了我的生活。A. applied申请，致力于；B. abandoned遗弃；C. addressed演说；D. adapted适应。根据“to car racing for years”可知，鲍比·特伦德尔多年来一直致力于赛车。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. shaped塑造，塑形；B. guaranteed确保；C. transformed转变；D. saved拯救。根据后文“Mentally, it's like relaxation and also I develop deep ____14____ for the excitement.”以及“When I'm behind the wheel, my autism(自闭症) doesn't ____15____ me.”可知，赛车运动让鲍比·特伦德尔有自闭症，赛车这项运动在精神上是让他放松的，这项运动改变了他的生活。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在精神上，这就像放松，我也深深地爱上了这种兴奋。A. respect尊敬；B. love爱；C. motivation动力，动机；D. pity怜悯。根据“it's like relaxation”可知，赛车运动让鲍比·特伦德尔在精神上是放松的，因此他深深地爱着这项运动所带来的这种兴奋。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我在开车的时候，我的自闭症不会对我不利。A. get at理解；B. go after追逐；C. make for弥补；D. turn against反对，不利于。根据前文“Mentally, it's like relaxation and also I develop deep ____14____ for the excitement.”可知，赛车运动让鲍比·特伦德尔在精神上是放松的，有助于自己的自闭症，因此自闭症不会对他不利。故选D。
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hikers at the Great Wall who come across Zhou Wenjun consider themselves lucky____36____him admirable. The 44-year-old is more than a security guard; he is a walking library on the manmade fortifications (防御工事).
Zhou replaces his knowledge of history every day so that he can field questions from visitors full of____37____(curious). Zhou's appreciation of the Great Wall____38____(inspire) by a surprising demand on the job years ago. The Simatai section is the only ancient architecture in China that preserves the original form of the Ming Dynasty fortifications. Ever since he took the job in 2018, he____39____(witness) increasing footfall of intensely curious tourists. “Visitors are no longer satisfied____40____what they see; they wonder about the history and culture of the place. Always____41____(ask) various questions, I read and learn so that I won't have difficulty dealing with them,” says Zhou.
Zhou has a range of official responsibilities including____42____(keep) visitors safe and protecting the Great Wall. He has to climb the Great Wall on____43____daily basis and walks back and forth the entire 5.7 kilometer stretch,____44____he must ensure no one wanders into the undeveloped sections of Simatai. With the principle of conservation first, the Simatai section has_____45_____(substantial) improved.
【答案】36. and
37. curiosity
38. was inspired
39. has witnessed##has been witnessing
40. with 41. asked
42. keeping
43. a 44. where
45. substantially
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍对长城了如指掌的保安周文君。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：在长城上遇到周文君的徒步旅行者都认为自己很幸运，他令人钦佩。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：周每天更新他的历史知识，这样他就可以回答充满好奇心的游客的问题。作介词的宾语，应用名词curiosity。故填curiosity。
【38题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：周对长城的欣赏源于几年前一项令人惊讶的工作需求。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文years ago可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Zhou's appreciation of the Great Wall，谓语用单数。故填was inspired。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：自从他2018年上任以来，他目睹了越来越多充满好奇的游客。根据上文可知此处可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has witnessed/has been witnessing。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：游客不再满足于他们所看到的;他们对这个地方的历史和文化感到好奇。短语be satisfied with表示“满足于”。故填with。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：总是被问到各种各样的问题，我阅读和学习，这样我就不会有困难处理它们。分析句子结构可知ask与逻辑主语I构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填asked。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：周有一系列的官方职责，包括保护游客安全和保护长城。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填keeping。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他每天都要爬上长城，在全长5.7公里的长城上来回行走，他必须确保没有人进入司马台未开发的地区。短语on a daily basis表示“每天”。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他每天都要爬上长城，在全长5.7公里的长城上来回行走，他必须确保没有人进入司马台未开发的地区。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the entire 5.7 kilometer stretch，在从句作地点状语，故填where。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：在保护优先的原则下，司马台河段得到了实质性的改善。修饰动词improve应用副词substantially，故填substantially。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
46. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，最近发现不少同学沉迷于购买盲盒。请给校英文报写一封 倡议书，号召理性消费，内容包括:
1.陈述所观察到的现象:
2.提出建议并给出理由。
参考词汇: 盲盒blind boxes
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右:
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear fellow students.
Recently, we’re astonished to find many students are obsessed with blind boxes, spending a large sum of money impulsively.
As teenagers, we are still reliant on parents economically. Also, money wasted on blind boxes can be spent on daily necessities and things contributing to our personal growth. It's advisable that we should develop a rational spending habit and practice the virtue of thrift.
We appeal to all of us to be smart with money and be wise “investors”!
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“不少同学沉迷于购买盲盒”这一现象，给校英文报写一封倡议书，号召理性消费。内容包括：陈述所观察到的现象、提出建议并给出理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近：recently→ nowadays
此外be obsessed with → be addicted to
大量的（钱）：a large sum of →a large amount of
理性的： rational → reasonable
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：We appeal to all of us to be smart with money and be wise “investors”!
拓展句：It is high time that we should be smart with money and be wise “investors”!
【点睛】【高分句型1】Also, money wasted on blind boxes can be spent on daily necessities and things contributing to our personal growth.（运用了非谓语动词作定语）
【高分句型2】It's advisable that we should develop a rational spending habit and practice the virtue of thrift.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句）
第二节 (满分 25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In 1989, fresh out of high school, I had the difficult task of choosing a career path before college started in three months. In those days in Pakistan, there were limited options (选择): becoming a doctor or an engineer, or entering the financial world after getting a business degree. I wasn’t interested in engineering, so I was left with medicine or business. I couldn’t decide.
My uncle, an influential person in the family, suggested that I do a work placement to experience it for a month in an international company followed by a month in a hospital. After that, I could make a decision.
It seemed like a brilliant idea. I was accepted for a month’s placement at a foreign bank in Karachi. I got a feel for how the world of finance functioned, made new friends, and generally enjoyed the mostly easy-going work surroundings.
The month passed rapidly, and soon I began working at a leading hospital in Karachi. The experience couldn’t have been more different. The hospital had an intense (紧张的) environment. The days started early (at 7 am, compared to 9 am at the bank), and were heavy with endless duties. And the night calls! This was crazy, working all day, through the night, and again the next day.
I began thinking about my two experiences. The bank had offered a more relaxing atmosphere (氛围), better working hours and less stress. The hospital was full of excitement and unpredictability, but the studying and training was difficult. It seemed that the business option was going to win out.
Near the end of my month at the hospital, I was driving home after an especially busy night call. In front of me was a public bus, with college students sitting on the top. As the driver weaved through (穿梭) traffic, I could see the boys shaking from side to side.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next day, when I went to hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus. He hit the road face down and rolled over. He lay motionless in the middle of the road as the bus drove away quickly. The cars directly behind the bus braked to avoid the boy, but none stopped. I knew that if the boy was bleeding into his brain, he would die soon. I stopped my car. I lifted his unconscious body into my car with the help of some passers-by, and then raced back to the hospital. Since I wasn’t allowed into the operation room, I drove home.
The next day, when I went to hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces. The mother held my hands and started weeping. “Son, you are an angel,” she repeated over and over again. After comforting her, I went over to the boy. He managed to smile and squeezed my hand. No words were spoken between us — none were needed. I spent the rest of the day in a state of excitement, the most fabulous mood I had ever experienced. I knew what I wanted to do for the rest of my life.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者高中毕业后面临职业道路选择，在医学和商业之间犹豫，作者无法决定。作者的叔叔建议作者在国际公司待一个月，然后在医院待一个月，之后做出决定。在医院的一个月快结束时，作者在开车回家的路上看到一辆在车流中穿行的公共汽车，学生们在车上晃来晃去。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，一个男孩从公共汽车后面掉了下来。”可知，第一段可描写男孩摔倒在路上，作者在路人的帮助下，将他抬上车，送至医院，然后作者开车回家。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天，当我去医院看望这个男孩时，他的家人都站了起来，脸上挂着感激的笑容。”可知，第二段可描写男孩的母亲表达感激，作者感觉兴奋，并知道以后自己想要做什么。
2.续写线索：男孩掉下公共汽车——作者停车送男孩去医院——作者开车回家——作者去探望男孩——男孩的家人表达感激——作者感觉兴奋——作者确定以后想做什么
3.词汇激活
行为类
①停下来：stop/come to a halt
②赶回：race back/rush back/return in a hurry
③经历：experience/go through/undergo
情绪类
①兴奋：excitement/thrill
②绝妙的：fabulous/wonderful
【点睛】【高分句型1】He lay motionless in the middle of the road as the bus drove away quickly.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】I knew that if the boy was bleeding into his brain, he would die soon.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，if引导的条件状语从句）
听力1-5 BCBCC 6 -10ABBCC 11-15 BAAAC 16-20 ABCAC沈阳市第 120 中学 2023-2024 学年度上学期高三年级第四次质量监测
英语试题
满分: 150 分 时间: 120 分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题; 每题1.5分, 共7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18 C. 9.15.
1. What did the man do yesterday
A. He hurt his face.
B. He went to the dentist.
C. He had a tooth pulled out.
2. What does the woman think of local newspapers
A. Puzzling. B. Satisfying. C. Disappointing.
3. Where are the speakers
A. In a bank. B. At a restaurant. C. In a cinema.
4. What is the man doing
A. Planning a vacation.
B. Keeping a secret.
C. Telling good news.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. A song. B. A novel. C. A film.
第二节(共15 小题; 每小题1.5 分,满分 22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题， 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6. Why did the man make the phone call
A. To ask for a meeting.
B. To have a discussion.
C. To make a reservation.
7. When will the speakers have dinner together
A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
8. Where did the woman learn about the apartment
A. In the newspaper. B. On the Internet. C. On TV.
9. How much is the monthly rent
A. About 150. B. About 300. C. About 600.
10. What will bring about an extra fee
A. Heat. B. Parking. C. Electricity.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
11. Why did the speakers get there early
A. To attend a class.
B. To get good seats.
C. To buy some food.
12. Which seats are the speakers least likely to choose
A. The seats in the front.
B. The seats in the middle.
C. The seats in the back.
13. What are they probably doing
A. They are queuing.
B. They are talking about a film.
C. They are buying some popcorn.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
14. What is the man doing
A. Hosting a program.
B. Attending a meeting.
C. Making a presentation.
15. What makes Hillary nervous
A. Connecting kids.
B. Giving a public speech.
C. Singing a song on stage.
16. What can better change the world according to Hillary
A. Education. B. Politics. C. Business.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
17. What is Habitat for Humanity
A. A farm. B. An organization. C. A community.
18. Why did the Fullers found Habitat for Humanity
A. To make profits.
B. To live a simple life.
C. To provide shelter for the poor.
19. Who must take part in building Habitat houses
A. House owners.
B. Local authorities.
C. Building companies.
20. What do we know about Habitat houses
A. They are free. B. They are expensive. C. They are cheap.
第二部分
阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 (共 13 小题;每题 2.5 分,共 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
It’s said that architecture should speak of its time and place, but long for timelessness. It’s no wonder that some of the most creative designs are implemented on college campuses, where students learn from the past and grow from new perspectives. As students from all over the world meet again for the school year, these campuses offer different points of view, not only through their courses, but also through their unconventional building styles. Here are college buildings around the world that present different angles.
On Island Time
Venice International University
VENICE, ITALY
At VIU, located in a lagoon(泻湖) on the island of San Servolo, the only way to get to campus is by water. The architecture is symbolic of the island’s rich history—transformed from monastery(修道院) to hospital, with remains of the vineyards and gardens that once covered much of the land.
Mountain Construction
University of Cape Town
CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA
Nestled just below Devil’s Peak, this university uses geography as architecture, with the buildings melding(融合) into a mountainous backdrop. It’s a setting that comes with risk, though; last year, a wildfire on the slope raged through the campus, destroying several historic buildings, including the library and its special collections. Restoration efforts are still in progress.
Dean of Dumplings
Nanyang Technological University
SINGAPORE
If this student center has you desire dumplings, you’re not alone—the building, actually named The Hive, is also referred to as the “dim sum building” for its similarity to piles of steamer baskets. Not everyone agrees though; The Architectural Review compared the building to “something of a deserted car-park aesthetic(美感，美学).”
1. How can you get to Venice International University
A. By bike. B. By train. C. By taxi. D. By boat.
2. What happened to University of Cape Town last year
A. The campus was damaged by accident.
B. The buildings survived a natural disaster.
C. The library and collections were restored.
D The campus was built below Devil’s Peak.
3. Which description of The Hive will The Architectural Review probably agree to
A. Simple. B. Lonely. C. Historical. D. Lifelike.
B
Tim Holland is 18 years old and a senior at Lucy C. Laney Comprehensive High School in Augusta, Georgia. Ever since he was young, Holland has been loving animals, particularly the cold-blooded kind. He decided to try herping (野采), something most young men like him aren’t into, in 2020 and said the first time was “low-key and hard” because he didn’t know exactly where the animals were.
After a while, Holland gained hands-on experience and developed a sharp eye. Influenced by him, some of his friends tried out herping too. One of these friends, Ro Smith, encouraged him to start a TikTok page about herping. It took some convincing, but Holland eventually decided to try it and started his TikTok page Nukherping. The general format of his videos is pretty simple: Holland shows animals he has found, says a bit about them and then repeats, with the desire to make them known to the viewers. He has slowly become very popular, with his biggest video gaining over 2 million views in early April.
Though his videos are laid-back, Holland takes herping safety very seriously and hopes his audience could take it seriously, too. Holland keeps a distance from the dangerous animals he finds and adds warnings to videos with such creatures, telling his viewers “do not try this at home”. He also carries equipment such as hand sanitizer, gloves and snake sticks to ensure safety and cleanliness.
Holland hopes to travel after graduating from high school so he can check off some of the animals on his “must-see” list. He also plans to study zoology at North Greenville University in South Carolina and play on the soccer team there.
Some people around Holland think Holland is crazy for what he does, but his mother, Latasha, takes a different view. “I think that’s gonna be very interesting. He can inspire and educate other young boys and girls with his experience, and it’s also something that’s going to be good for the community,” she said.
4 What does Holland want to do with Nukherping
A. Attract people to herping.
B. Spread knowledge about animals.
C. Support his friend Ro Smith.
D. Call on people to protect animals.
5. Which belongs to Holland’s future plan
A. Traveling around the world.
B. Going into teaching young children.
C. Becoming a zoology major.
D. Playing for the national soccer team.
6. Which words can best describe Holland
A. Ambitious and energetic.
B. Adventurous and inspiring.
C. Devoted and responsible.
D. Cautious and sharp-minded.
7. What is Holland’s mother’s attitude to his herping
A. Concerned. B. Critical. C. Indifferent. D. Favorable.
C
Lisa Gautier receives nearly a dozen parcels of human hair every day. With her San-Francisco-based non-profit organization Matter of Trust, Gautier turns donated hair into mats used to soak up oil spills on land, and booms(long tubes)used for spills at sea.
A standard way to clean up oil from land is to use mats made from polypropylene(聚丙烯). But polypropylene is a non-biodegradable plastic, and producing it ultimately means more drilling for oil. Hair, by contrast, is an environmentally friendly resource that can soak up around five times its weight in oil, according to Matter of Trust, and it is abundant.
Oil spills can pollute drinking water, endanger public health, harm plants and wildlife, and damage the economy. According to Gautier, the spills that hit the headlines only make up 5% of global oil pollution.
Megan Murray, an environmental biologist at the University of Technology Sydney, develops sustainable technologies to tackle oil spills. Her research indicates that as well as being biodegradable, human hair is often just as effective as polypropylene, and in some circumstances even better. “The hair mats are very beneficial to land spills,” says Murray but adds that when raw oil is spilled on beach sand, it is very difficult to absorb it using any of the materials she has tested. Another advantage of hair is that it costs less than conventional materials and is “globally available as a recycled material,” she says.
However, Murray cautions that hair mats are not a perfect solution, because they are single-use, and can only be dealt with by burning or by burying into soil which then isn’t suitable for growing food. She is now researching methods to extract the oil from a used hair mat, meaning both can be reused.
As the hair mat designs aren’t under patent other groups have begun producing their own mats and booms. Gautier is pleased to see the movement growing. “Anyone can make a hair mat,” she says. “It creates green jobs, it cleans water, it reduces waste in landfill, and it’s promoting renewable resources.”
8. What do we know about polypropylene according to the passage
A. It is environmentally friendly.
B. People need more oil to produce it.
C. It can soak up around five times its weight in oil.
D. People seldom use mats made from it to clean up oil from land.
9. What does Megan Murray think of the hair mats
A. Hair mats do no harm to soil after being burnt.
B. People spend more to make hair mats than conventional materials.
C. The effect of hair mats on terrestrial(陆地上的)spills is not very good.
D. Hair mats are not a perfect solution because they can’t be recycled now.
10. What can we infer from the passage
A. Most oil-spill events have received widespread media coverage.
B. Lisa Gautier donated her hair to soak up oil spills on land and at sea.
C. Megan Murray goes all out to make the hair mats and the oil extracted from them reused.
D. There are many other materials used to treat oil spills on beach sand besides hair.
11. What is the best title for the text
A. Human Hair Is Being Used to Clean Up Oil Spills
B. A Perfect Recycled Material—Human Hair
C. Take Action to Make Hair Mats And Booms
D. How to Tackle Oil Spills
D
Applied Ethics
Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.
The researchers investigated one class session’s impact on eating meat. According to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unbeknownst to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester — nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students. “It’s an awesome data set,” says Nina Strohminger, a psychologist who teaches business ethics at the University of Pennsylvania and was not involved in the study.
Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent — and this effect held steady for the study’s duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.
“That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention.” Schwitzgebel says. Strohminger agrees: “The thing that still blows my mind is that the only thing that’s different between these two cases is just that one day in class.” She says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real. Strohminger notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: “Easy come, easy go.”
Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence — classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants’ eating habits and students’ video exposure. Meanwhile Schwitzgebel who had predicted no effect — will be eating his words.
12. Paragraph 2 is mainly about .
A. Research reasons and process
B. Research subjects and findings
C. Research topic and significance
D. Research data collection and analysis
13. Which of the following doesn’t lead to the researchers’ investigation into meat-eating among students
A. Students’ knowledge of the topic.
B. Students’ easily-measured behaviors.
C. Students’ changeable and unsteady attitudes.
D. Students’ unawareness of ethics lessons’ impact.
14. What does the underlined phrase “blows my mind” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Convinces me. B. Upsets me. C. Alarms me. D. Amazes me.
15. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To prove Schwitzgebel’s prediction is wrong.
B. To show teaching works in behavior changing.
C. To explain students are easy to make a change.
D. To justify investigation into ethics is worthwhile.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It was time for Macy to move. She booked a few house viewings and after looking at three places, she fell in love with one house. But that night a feeling of doubt and uncertainty entered her head.____16____Will the others be cheaper
We’ve all found ourselves in such situations, whether we’re considering job offers or buying a new car. It’s a problem that involves mathematics and psychology. And it’s got a name: the optimal (最优的) stopping problem.____17____It’s asking how long we spend sampling options to give the optimal chances of a successful final decision .
Mathematicians have given us an answer: 37%. The basic idea is that, if we need to make a decision from 100 different options, we should sample and give up the first 37.____18____It’s a period during which we identify what works and what does not. From the rejected 37%, we choose the best and keep that information in our heads moving forward.
Mathematics offers us the best answer to the “optimal stopping problem”. But there’s just one big issue: Humans are not rational probability-calculating machines. In fact, the opposite is usually true.____19____In the psychological and economics field, there is an “explore/ exploit trade-off”. This asks whether we should go with a guaranteed “win” (exploit) or risk going somewhere else for an unknown outcome(explore). The degree to which someone will explore or exploit depends on various factors.____20____Of course, different people are more explorative or exploitative at different times. Teenagers and traders tend to explore more. Adults and managers exploit more.
A What if the next house is better
B. How much does it cost a month
C. The 37% rule is not some mindless, automatic thing.
D. And it ties in with how curious or risk-seeking we are.
E. It’s then necessary for us to improve our computing power.
F. So it falls on psychology to tell us about how we actually behave.
G. The mathematical question for Macy concerns maximizing probabilities.
第三部分 语言应用(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Dave Player is the founder and CEO of Team BRIT, a car racing team. He wants to____21____his team in the 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance sports car race in 2024. He explains, “If you're an endurance racer, you'll be____22____to compete in the race. Attending this famous event is the____23____of every racing driver.”
If the team gains____24____to the world's most demanding endurance race , they’ll____25____the history books as the first all disabled team to do so. Some drivers with____26____have taken part in it, but____27____as wild cards. “We don't want to ____28____them, ”Dave insists. “We want to compete on a____29____playing field like others, as a statement that even as disabled racing drivers we_____30_____on the world stage.”
Dave set up the charity KartForce in 2010 as a way for_____31_____retired soldiers to use motorsport for recovery. He went on to start Team BRIT in 2015. Team member Bobby Trundle, who has_____32_____himself to car racing for years, says, “Car racing has_____33_____my life. Mentally, it's like relaxation and also I develop deep_____34_____for the excitement. When I'm behind the wheel, my autism (自闭症) doesn't_____35_____me. In fact, I consider it to be a super power of mine.”
21.
A. assist B. involve C. encourage D. land
22.
A. fortunate B. ready C. anxious D. willing
23.
A. destination B. result C. reward D. dream
24.
A. admission B. exposure C. promotion D. reference
25.
A. revise B. create C. enter D. keep
26.
A. expectations B. disabilities C. ambition D. concern
27.
A. obviously B. probably C. rarely D. merely
28
A. follow B. evaluate C. miss D. ignore
29.
A. special B. level C. formal D. professional
30.
A. survive B. win C. progress D. belong
31.
A. enthusiastic B. energetic C. injured D. determined
32.
A. applied B. abandoned C. addressed D. adapted
33.
A. shaped B. guaranteed C. transformed D. saved
34.
A. respect B. love C. motivation D. pity
35.
A. get at B. go after C. make for D. turn against
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hikers at the Great Wall who come across Zhou Wenjun consider themselves lucky____36____him admirable. The 44-year-old is more than a security guard; he is a walking library on the manmade fortifications (防御工事).
Zhou replaces his knowledge of history every day so that he can field questions from visitors full of____37____(curious). Zhou's appreciation of the Great Wall____38____(inspire) by a surprising demand on the job years ago. The Simatai section is the only ancient architecture in China that preserves the original form of the Ming Dynasty fortifications. Ever since he took the job in 2018, he____39____(witness) increasing footfall of intensely curious tourists. “Visitors are no longer satisfied____40____what they see; they wonder about the history and culture of the place. Always____41____(ask) various questions, I read and learn so that I won't have difficulty dealing with them,” says Zhou.
Zhou has a range of official responsibilities including____42____(keep) visitors safe and protecting the Great Wall. He has to climb the Great Wall on____43____daily basis and walks back and forth the entire 5.7 kilometer stretch,____44____he must ensure no one wanders into the undeveloped sections of Simatai. With the principle of conservation first, the Simatai section has_____45_____(substantial) improved.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
46. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，最近发现不少同学沉迷于购买盲盒。请给校英文报写一封 倡议书，号召理性消费，内容包括:
1.陈述所观察到的现象:
2.提出建议并给出理由。
参考词汇: 盲盒blind boxes
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右:
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
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The Students’ Union
第二节 (满分 25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In 1989, fresh out of high school, I had the difficult task of choosing a career path before college started in three months. In those days in Pakistan, there were limited options (选择): becoming a doctor or an engineer, or entering the financial world after getting a business degree. I wasn’t interested in engineering, so I was left with medicine or business. I couldn’t decide.
My uncle, an influential person in the family, suggested that I do a work placement to experience it for a month in an international company followed by a month in a hospital. After that, I could make a decision.
It seemed like a brilliant idea. I was accepted for a month’s placement at a foreign bank in Karachi. I got a feel for how the world of finance functioned, made new friends, and generally enjoyed the mostly easy-going work surroundings.
The month passed rapidly, and soon I began working at a leading hospital in Karachi. The experience couldn’t have been more different. The hospital had an intense (紧张的) environment. The days started early (at 7 am, compared to 9 am at the bank), and were heavy with endless duties. And the night calls! This was crazy, working all day, through the night, and again the next day.
I began thinking about my two experiences. The bank had offered a more relaxing atmosphere (氛围), better working hours and less stress. The hospital was full of excitement and unpredictability, but the studying and training was difficult. It seemed that the business option was going to win out.
Near the end of my month at the hospital, I was driving home after an especially busy night call. In front of me was a public bus, with college students sitting on the top. As the driver weaved through (穿梭) traffic, I could see the boys shaking from side to side.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus.
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The next day, when I went to hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces.
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听力1-5 BCBCC 6 -10ABBCC 11-15 BAAAC 16-20 ABCAC

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