Unit 8（A卷·夯实基础）
学校:________姓名：________班级：________考号：________
（时间：100分钟，满分：100分）
第Ⅰ卷 选择题
一、单项选择（满分10分，每小题1分，共10小题）
1．The notice says the sports meeting has been ________ until next week.
A．cut off B．turn off C．put off D．take off
2．—Our gas ________. How far are we from there
—Don’t worry. There are only a few kilometers to go.
A．is run out B．has run out C．is run out of D．is running out
3．—When shall we see the film, on Saturday or Sunday
—Either is OK. It makes no ________ to me.
A．chance B．mistake C．difference D．decision
4．—Would you like to smoke after lunch
—No, thanks. I’ve given up smoking, as it is ________ to my health.
A．useful B．helpful C．careful D．harmful
5．Hope that everyone can _______ their dreams in the future.
A．push B．realize C．drop D．depend
6．Please ________ the water when you brush your teeth.
A．take down B．turn up C．turn down D．turn off
7．All the students should remember “The ________ you take the exam, the ________ results you will get.”
A．more seriously, better B．more serious, better C．more seriously, good
8．—Do you think this sentence is right
—No, you should ________ the last word.
A．cut off B．cut out C．cut up D．cut down
9．—What do you think of this house
—It is beautiful but expensive. I can’t ________ it.
A．save B．allow C．offer D．afford
10．Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of ________.
A．knowledge B．energy C．change D．courage
二、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
A theme park in France set up a special and environmentally-friendly（保护生态环境的）way of keeping its ground free of trash. It 11 and trained six clever crows to pick up trash and keep the park clean. Crows are a kind of 12 and are about 47cm high. The clever birds will work for Puy du Fou theme park in the west of France. Workers 13 them to pick up cigarette ends, paper and other things people 14 on the ground. The birds pick up the trash and put it into a special rubbish bin, and then workers give out some bird 15 as a prize. The more trash the birds put on the rubbish bin, the more food they get.
The head of the theme park, Nicolas de Villiers, explained the reason 16 they use the birds to the reporters. He said there were several reasons for using crows. He said, “The goal is not to clean up, because the visitors are usually 17 to keep things clean, but also to show that nature itself can teach us to take care of the 18 .” Crows are clever birds. Some biologists say they are as 19 as a seven-year-old child. Mr. De Villiers said, “In a supportive situation, they like to 20 with humans and set up a good relationship.” The crows are speedy workers and can fill a rubbish bin with rubbish in less than 45 minutes.”
11．A．found B．raised C．borrowed D．watched
12．A．birds B．dogs C．cats D．cows
13．A．offered B．refused C．trained D．provided
14．A．put B．get C．throw D．add
15．A．toys B．clothes C．drink D．food
16．A．why B．when C．how D．where
17．A．thankful B．careful C．typical D．disabled
18．A．friendship B．neighborhood C．development D．environment
19．A．smart B．healthy C．strong D．heavy
20．A．share B．communicate C．argue D．fight
三、阅读单选（共14小题，每小题2分，满分28分）
A
Think about a world without insects. It might sound nice at first. There would be no annoying bugs or flies in your room. But in fact, this could be really bad news.
The number of insects has dropped a lot in recent years, according to British biologist Dave Goulson. “In the 27 years from 1989 to 2016, the number of insects fell by 75 percent, ” Goulson wrote.
Scientists say the main reason for this is the use of pesticides(农药). They destroy the places that insects live in. What would happen without insects It’s almost impossible to predict, but the results would be far-reaching. We need insects to pollinate(授粉) crops. They also break down dead plants and animals and turn them into new useful things. We need them to keep the soil healthy and do much more. Without insects, many animals would have nothing to eat. They would go hungry and die. The ecosystem would be not balance.
The first step to stop this is to let more people understand “the values of the natural world, both for what it does for us and for its own sake, ” Goulson said. “The best place to start is with our children. We should encourage environmental awareness from an early age.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案
21．What does the writer think of insects
A．They are quiet. B．They are helpful. C．They grow fast. D．They are dangerous.
22．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．The number of insects increased quickly. B．There will be more insects in the future.
C．The number of insects dropped a lot. D．More and more insects appeared in the past years.
23．According to the passage, what can insects do
a. Pollinate crops. b. Break down dead things c. Keep the soil healthy. d. Eat animals.
A．abc B．acd C．abd D．bcd
24．What does the underlined word “this” mean in the last paragraph
A．The pollution of pesticides. B．Insect activity.
C．Balance of the ecosystem. D．Harm to the ecosystem.
25．What is the main idea of the passage
A．It tells us not to use the pesticides any more.
B．We need to have as many insects as possible.
C．More people should take action to protect the balance of ecosystem.
D．Only kids should be taught the values of the nature.
B
When the air is polluted, we can wear masks(口罩) to protect ourselves. What about bees and butterflies They can’t wear masks.
News Scientist magazine showed some findings from James Ryalls and his team at the University of Reading, UK. Their study found that air pollution is harmful to pollinators(传花粉者)—insects like bees and butterflies. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.
Pollinators are important, as they spread pollen(传播花粉) among plants with flowers. This helps the flowers grow into fruit. Without pollinators, farms cannot make food. We all need pollinators.
To do their study, Ryalls’s team built eight farm areas. Then, they put nitrogen oxide(氧化氮) and ozone(臭氧) into six of these areas. The other two areas had normal(正常的) air.
“The results were much more serious than we thought,” said Ryalls. The levels of pollution in the six areas were just like those of normal traffic on the road. In such conditions, 70 percent insects didn’t enter the six areas. If they were there, they didn’t hang around(活动). And visits to flowers dropped by 90 percent.
Scientists said that nitrogen oxide and ozone can break down the scents(气味) of flowers. This makes it hard for insects to find their food.
Maybe the most terrible thing is that the levels of pollution that affect(影响) pollinators are legal(合法的) in the UK. Shannon Olsson, a scientist in India, called the results “important” because they show that “safe” levels of pollution keep pollinators away.
26．What may happen to bees and butterflies because of the air pollution
A．They have nothing to eat. B．They get lost easily.
C．They can’t smell flowers. D．They all die of it.
27．Where did Ryalls’s team do their study
A．In a garden. B．In farm areas. C．In mountain areas. D．In a house.
28．What happened to pollinators in the six areas with air pollution
A．They found food quickly. B．They could not find each other.
C．They hung around more often. D．They visited flowers less.
29．What does the underlined phrase “break down” mean in the passage
A．厌恶 B．变化 C．产生 D．分解
30．What can we learn from Paragraph 7
A．Pollinators only work in a “safe” environment.
B．Even “safe” levels of pollution affect pollinators.
C．The laws in the UK can’t stop air pollution.
D．The environment now is not safe for humans.
C
When you are shopping for the week’s food, you may get a large box or two of bottled water. On your way to a soccer game, it’s easy to take a cold one out of the fridge, right
But all those plastic bottles use a lot of fossil fuels（矿物燃料）. In fact, Americans buy more bottled water than any other country in the world, about 29 billion water bottles a year. In order to make all these bottles, 17 million barrels（桶）of crude oil are used. That’s enough oil to keep a million cars going for twelve months.
Americans drink bottled water because they think it is better for them than water out of the tap, but that’s not true. In the United States, local governments make sure water from the tap is safe. People love the convenience（便利）of bottled water. But maybe if they realized the problems it causes, they would try drinking from a glass at home or carrying water in a steel container instead of a plastic bottle.
Plastic bottles pollute the environment but recycling（回收）can help—instead of going out with the rubbish, plastic bottles can be turned into useful items. Sadly, for every six water bottles we use, only one makes it to the recycling bin. The rest are sent to landfills. Or, even worse, they end up as rubbish on the land and in rivers, lakes, and the ocean. Plastic bottles take many hundreds of years to disintegrate under the ground.
Betty Mclaughlin, who runs an organization called the Container Recycling Institute, says we should try using fewer bottles: “If you take one to school in your lunch, don’ t throw it away—bring it home and refill it from the tap for the next day. You refill a bottle as many times as you can before you recycle it.”
Remember this: Recycling one plastic bottle can save enough energy to power a 60-watt（瓦）light bulb for six hours.
31．Which one is NOT the reason why Americans like bottled water
A．Because it is cleaner. B．Because it is cheaper.
C．Because it is healthier. D．Because it is easier to take with.
32．In Paragraph 2, how does the writer support the fact
A．By giving numbers. B．By telling reasons.
C．By expressing opinions. D．By discussing problems.
33．The word “disintegrate” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．turn into rubbish B．become useful C．break into pieces D．mix with water
34．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this article
A．To tell us to give up bottled water. B．To tell us to save natural resources.
C．To tell us to protect the environment. D．To tell us to reuse and recycle plastic bottles.
D
During the two sessions (两会), Lei Jun, the founder (创始人) of China’s tech company Xiaomi, called for more e-waste recycling (回收利用) plans in China.
According to the 2020 UN Global E-waste Monitor, the world’s e-waste will reach 74.7 million tons by 2030.
The report also found that only 17.4 percent of the world’s e-waste was collected and recycled in 2019. This means that gold, silver, copper (铜) and other high-value materials were mostly burned or throw instead of reused. It’s a waste of 57 billion dollars, or 360 billion yuan. E-waste can also harm the environment and people’s health. For example, one mobile phone battery can pollute 600,000 liters of water.
China is now the world’s largest producer of e-waste, followed by the US, India and Japan, according to the UN report. Tech companies are looking for different ways to solve the problem. For example, US company Apple built a robot called Daisy to take 200 iPhones apart. It can take 200 iPhones apart within an hour. Previously the phones were cut up before people took the useful materials out. Now with Daisy, valuable materials can be pulled out more easily.
Samsung plans to use recycled materials in all of its new products by the year 2025. It also plans to reduce e-waste by improving product life cycles. Xiaomi is also setting up e-waste recycling platforms so that people can donate or sell their old electronics more easily.
35．What did Lei Jun advise people to do
A．To reduce the use of e-products. B．To buy more smartphones.
C．To recycle more e-waste. D．To improve China’s e-products.
36．In which year did the amount of e-waste reach about 74.7 million tons
A．2014. B．2019. C．2020. D．2030.
37．According to the passage, what can be caused by dumping e-waste
A．Waste of materials. B．Harm to public health. C．Environmental pollution. D．A, B and C.
38．Why does the writer mention (提及) Apple’s Daisy, Samsung and Xiaomi
A．To discuss reasons for dealing with e-waste.
B．To show people’s daily life in the US, Korea and China.
C．To give examples of reusing e-waste.
D．To advise our country to work together with others.
四、阅读填表
根据短文内容填写下面表格。每空一词。
In common with many countries, Britain has serious environmental problems. In 1952, more than 4,000 people died in London because of the smog. The government introduced new laws to stop smog from coal fires and factories and the situation improved a lot.
Today, London is much cleaner but there is a new problem: smog from cars. In December 1991, there was very little wind in London and pollution increased a lot. As a result, about 160 people died from pollution in just four days.
Part of the problem is the new “out of town” shopping centers. In the past, people often walked to shops near their homes or went by bus. Now, many people drive to the new shopping centers. As a result, the small shops have disappeared (消失) and more people have to travel to do their shopping.
Experts say that Britain needs better and cheaper public transport (交通). Transport in Britain is very expensive. For example, an early morning train trip from Glasgow to London about 600 km can cost about 100 pounds. A short 15 minutes’ bus trip can cost over 10 pounds.
Many people are trying to reduce the use of cars in Britain. Some cities now have special bicycle paths and many people cycle to work. Some people also travel to work together in one car to reduce the pollution and the cost.
Environmental problems in 39
Time Causes Results Solutions
In the past Smog from coal 40 and factories. 41 than 4,000 people died in 1952. New laws were introduced.
Today Smog from 42 About 160 people died in four days in 1991. Provide 43 and cheaper public transport. Build special paths for bicycles. Travel to work together in one car.
五、阅读还原6选5
The world is in dangerous situation now. We must do something to protect the environment. 44
The greenhouse effect
The atmosphere(大气层) around the Earth is necessary for all living things. It is like the glass of a green house, and it lets sunlight in and keeps heat from getting out. 45
When we burn fuels such as petrol and coal, we produce a gas called carbon dioxide(CO2). Too much of this gas pollutes the atmosphere, and causes it to keep in too much heat. As a result of the greenhouse effect, the Earth’s temperature is increasing. This causes sea level to rise, and in the future may cause cities to disappear.
Cutting down forests
46 This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in CO2 and produce oxygen. Cutting down trees also destroys the homes of the animals that live in our forests, and causes the surface of the soil to be easily destroyed by rain. This can cause floods and even more damage to the environment.
Bad habits
47 People often use things once and then throw them away, or leave them on the ground as litter. This creates mountains of rubbish and pollutes our land and seas.
In order to protect the environment, we need to take proper actions. We should be different from many consumers and become “green consumers”. This means that we should buy and use products friendly to the environment. 48 We can reuse things for the same purpose as before, or we can use them for new purposes. If we just learned to live in new and different ways, we can make a difference.
A．Without it, the Earth would be the same as the Moon cold and lifeless.
B．But, what are the main problems we face
C．We should also try to recycle as many things as we can.
D．Many of our habits cause pollution.
E．Trees are important to us and they also help soil in place.
F．Every year, we destroy nature by cutting down huge areas of forests.
六、语法填空
Every Wednesday evening, a group of runners in Chongqing get together and have their 5-to-8-kilometer run in the city. This is not an ordinary run. The runners take trash bags with 49 (they) and pick up trash when they run.
“Make running 50 (much) than just running,” Sogor, one of the runners, says. She wears a blue T-shirt 51 “WE RUN FOR TRASH” on the back. Besides the weekly runs, the group also has family runs once a month. Children and even pets can take 52 in the activity.
Sogor says there are more than 200 trash runners from all walks of life in the city, 53 as office workers, yoga teachers and restaurant owners. Over 90 percent of the group members 54 (be) Chinese. The oldest are in their 40s, and the 55 (young) is just 5.
“I feel great to make the Earth cleaner,” says an 8-year-old boy. He 56 (join) the group last month with his parents. The boy broke his left arm, but he keeps 57 (run) and picks up trash with his right hand.
Trash Running came to Shanghai in 2018. There are groups in sixteen 58 (city) like Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Changchun and Wuhan. More than 9,300 runners run and make the cities clean.
From:https://www.chinadaily.
七、用所给单词的正确形式填空
59．John said sorry for leaving the door unlocked (care).
60．Tom, remember (turn) off the lights when you leave the classroom.
61．My cousin is very clever and he always does everything (wise).
62．Many people got (serious) ill in the world because of COVID-19.
63．You can make a big (different) if you keep practicing.
64．We should pay much attention to our （live）environment.
65．Paper-making is one of the （great）inventions of ancient China.
66．If you spit in public places, you (fine) by the police.
八、完成句子
67．他正遭受着多么严重的一种病啊!
he is suffering from!
68．如果废物被再次使用，就会节约大量的能源。
Much energy if the waste .
69．我们应该采取行动以过上绿色生活。
We should take action to .
70．开车太多导致了严重的空气污染。
Driving too much caused .
71．妈妈允许我每周看一次电视。
Mum TV once a week.
九、根据汉语提示填空
72．We will be (处罚) if we steal something.
73．— What （导致）the power cut
— Let’s go and have a look.
74．— I don’t know how to （形成）good habits.
— Let me tell you.
75．I find many （不同之处）between Lucy and Lily.
76．My parents don’t （允许）me to play too many computer games.
十、话题作文
77．“A green world”是我们共同的生活目标。我校英语专刊最近就此话题进行征文，请你根据以下提示内容写一篇不少于100词的英语短文来投稿。
内容要点：
*(1) 呼吁大家为“A green world”的目标而努力；
*(2) 写自己作为一名中学生为实现这一目标应该怎样做。
Hello, everyone. We share a common home—the earth.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】句意：通知说运动会已经被推迟到下周。
考查动词短语。cut off切断；turn off关掉；put off推迟；take off脱下，起飞。根据“the sports meeting has been ... until next week.”可知，此处是指运动会被推迟到下周。故选C。
2．D
【详解】句意：——我们的燃料即将用尽。我们距离那儿有多远？——不要担心。仅有几千米要走。
考查时态和语态。根据run out是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，故排除AC。由“There are only a few kilometers to go.”可推测使用一般将来时，表示燃料即将用完，D选项使用进行时表将来的含义。故选D。
3．C
【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去看电影，周六还是周日？——哪天都可以。这对我来说没什么区别。
考查名词辨析。chance机会；mistake错误；difference不同；decision决定。根据“Either is OK”哪天都可以，可知两天没有区别，故要用difference，make no difference to“对……没差别”。故选C。
4．D
【详解】句意：——午饭后你想抽烟吗？——不，谢谢。我已经戒烟了，因为它对我的健康有害。
考查形容词辨析。useful有用的；helpful有帮助的；careful小心的；harmful有害的。根据“I’ve given up smoking”可知，此处是指吸烟对健康有害。故选D。
5．B
【详解】句意：希望每个人都可以在未来实现他们的梦想。
考查动词。push促使；realize实现；drop（使）掉落；depend依靠。根据宾语“their dreams”可知，此处表示实现梦想，故选B。
6．D
【详解】句意：当你刷牙的时候，请关闭水源。
考查动词短语辨析。take down取下；turn up调高；turn down调低，拒绝；turn off关掉。根据“when you brush your teeth”及常识可知，刷牙的时候要关掉水，故选D。
7．A
【详解】句意：所有的学生都应该记住“你越认真地对待考试，你就会得到更好的结果。”
考查比较级。the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，就越……”，排除C选项。第一空修饰动词take，应填副词seriously的比较级more seriously，故选A。
8．B
【详解】句意：——你觉得这句话对吗？——不，你应该删掉最后一个字。
考查动词短语辨析。cut off切断；cut out删掉；cut up切碎；cut down砍倒。根据“the last word.”可知，应该是删掉最后一个字，故选B。
9．D
【详解】句意：——你觉得这房子怎么样？——它很漂亮，但是很贵。我买不起。
考查动词辨析。save节约；allow允许；offer提供；afford买得起。根据“It is beautiful but expensive.”可知，太贵了，买不起，故选D。
10．B
【详解】句意：詹妮弗每天都做大量的运动，她总是精力充沛。
考查名词辨析。knowledge知识；energy能量，精力，活力；change改变；courage勇气。根据“Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day”可知，她总是充满了精力、活力。故选B。
11．B 12．A 13．C 14．C 15．D 16．A 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了法国的一个主题公园通过训练聪明的乌鸦来捡垃圾这种特殊且环保的方式，以保持其地面的清洁。
11．句意：它训练了六只聪明的乌鸦来捡垃圾并保持公园的清洁。
found 发现；raised 饲养；borrowed 借；watched观看。根据“...and trained six clever crows”可知是指喂养并训练了六只乌鸦，故选B。
12．句意：乌鸦是一种大约47厘米高的鸟。
birds 鸟；dogs 狗； cats猫；cows 牛。根据“ Crows are a kind of...，”可知乌鸦是一种鸟，故选A。
13．句意：工人训练它们捡起烟头、纸和其他人们扔在地上的东西。
offered提供 ；refused 拒绝；trained训练 ；provided提供。根据“...them to pick up cigarette ends, paper...”可知乌鸦是被训练做一些事，故选C。
14．句意：工人训练它们捡起烟头、纸和其他人们扔在地上的东西。
put放置； get得到；throw扔； add增加。根据“other things people...on the ground” 可知是指人们扔在地上的东西，故选C。
15．句意：鸟儿捡起垃圾，把它放进一个特殊的垃圾桶里，然后工人们送出一些食物作为奖品。
toys玩具；clothes衣服；drink饮料；food食物。 根据下一句“The more litter the birds put in the rubbish bin, the more food they get”可知此处是指奖励给乌鸦食物，故选D。
16．句意：主题公园的负责人Nicolas de Villiers向记者解释了他们使用鸟类的原因。
why 为什么；when什么时候；how如何；where哪里。根据“explained the reason...”可知是指解释……的原因，故用why引导的定语从句，故选A。
17．句意：他说：“我们的目标不是打扫卫生，因为游客通常会小心地保持干净，但也要表明大自然本身可以教会我们保护环境。”
thankful感激的；careful仔细的；typical典型的；disabled有残疾的。根据“the visitors are usually...to keep things clean”可知是指游客通常小心保持物品清洁，be careful to do sth“小心做某事”，故选B。
18．句意：他说：“我们的目标不是打扫卫生，因为游客通常会小心地保持干净，但也要表明大自然本身可以教会我们保护环境。”
friendship友谊；neighborhood邻居；development发展；environment环境。根据“that nature itself can teach us to take care of the...” 可知是指大自然本身可以教我们保护环境，故选D。
19．句意：一些生物学家说，它们就像一个七岁的孩子。
smart聪明的；healthy健康的；strong强壮的； heavy重的。 根据“Crows are clever birds” 可知此处是指它们和7岁的孩子一样聪明，故选A。
20．句意：在支持的情况下，它们喜欢与人类交流，并建立良好的关系。
share分享；communicate交流；argue吵架；fight战斗。根据“they like to...with humans and set up a good relationship”可知是指它们喜欢与人交流，故选B。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．C
【导语】本文通过让读者想象一下没有昆虫的世界，然后告诉读者昆虫的重要性，不能让生态系统失去平衡，呼吁读者要保护昆虫。
21．推理判断题。根据“What would happen without insects It’s almost impossible to predict, but the results would be far-reaching. We need insects to pollinate(授粉) crops. They also break down dead plants and animals and turn them into new useful things. We need them to keep the soil healthy and do much more. Without insects, many animals would have nothing to eat.”（没有昆虫会怎么样？这几乎是不可能预测的，但结果将是深远的。我们需要昆虫给庄稼授粉。它们还分解死去的动植物，把它们变成新的有用的东西。我们需要它们来保持土壤健康，并做更多的事情。没有昆虫，许多动物就没有东西吃了。）可推知，作者认为昆虫是很有帮助的，故选B。
22．段落大意题。根据“The number of insects has dropped a lot in recent years, according to British biologist Dave Goulson.”可知，近年来昆虫的数量下降了很多。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“We need insects to pollinate(授粉) crops. They also break down dead plants and animals and turn them into new useful things. We need them to keep the soil healthy and do much more.”可知，我们需要昆虫给庄稼授粉、分解死去的动植物以及需要它们来保持土壤健康。故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据“The ecosystem would be not balance.”以及“The first step to stop this is to let more people understand “the values of the natural world, both for what it does for us and for its own sake, ”可知，此处是指阻止生态系统不平衡的第一步是让更多的人了解“自然世界的价值观，无论是为了它为我们所做的事情，还是为了它自己”。所以this指的是“对生态系统的危害”。故选D。
25．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文通过让读者想象一下没有昆虫的世界，然后告诉读者昆虫的重要性，不能让生态系统失去平衡，呼吁读者要保护昆虫。所以C选项最符合，故选C。
26．C 27．B 28．D 29．D 30．B
【导语】本文通过实验介绍了关于空气污染对传递花粉的昆虫的影响。
26．细节理解题。根据“Their study found that air pollution is harmful to pollinators(传花粉者)—insects like bees and butterflies. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.”他们的研究发现，空气污染对传粉昆虫有害——像是蜜蜂和蝴蝶。由于污染，他们闻不到花香。可知由于空气污染，它们会闻不到花香。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据“To do their study, Ryalls’s team built eight farm areas.”为了进行研究，Ryalls的团队建造了八个农场。可知Ryalls的团队在农场做研究。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“In such conditions, 70 percent insects didn’t enter the six areas. If they were there, they didn’t hang around(活动). And visits to flowers dropped by 90 percent.”在这样的条件下，70%的昆虫没有进入这六个区域。如果他们在那里，他们就不会逗留，参观鲜花的次数减少了90%。可知在有空气污染的六个区域里，这些昆虫参观鲜花的次数变少了。故选D。
29．词义猜测题。根据“Scientists said that nitrogen oxide and ozone can break down the scents(气味) of flowers. This makes it hard for insects to find their food.”科学家认为氧化氮和臭氧会让昆虫找到食物变得困难，可知氧化氮和臭氧会改变花的气味，故推测break down应是“分解”的意思。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据“Shannon Olsson, a scientist in India, called the results ‘important’ because they show that ‘safe’ levels of pollution keep pollinators away.”印度科学家Shannon Olsson称这些结果“很重要”，因为它们表明“安全”的污染水平使传粉昆虫远离。可推测出即使是“安全”的水平也会影响这些传花粉者。故选B。
31．B 32．A 33．C 34．D
【导语】本文是说明文，以美国为例介绍了瓶装水的使用现状、便利性和产生的问题，告诉我们要回收利用塑料瓶。
31．细节理解题。根据“Americans drink bottled water because they think it is better for them than water out of the tap, but that’s not true. In the United States, local governments make sure water from the tap is safe. People love the convenience（便利）of bottled water.（美国人喝瓶装水，因为他们认为瓶装水比自来水更好，但事实并非如此。在美国，地方政府确保自来水是安全的。人们喜欢瓶装水的便利性。）”可知ABC选项都是美国人喜欢瓶装水的原因，B选项不属于，故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据“ about 29 billion water bottles a year. In order to make all these bottles, 17 million barrels（桶）of crude oil are used. That’s enough oil to keep a million cars going for twelve months.”可知在第二段中，作者用列数字来支持这一事实。故选A。
33．词义猜测题。根据“Or, even worse, they end up as rubbish on the land and in rivers, lakes, and the ocean. Plastic bottles take many hundreds of years to disintegrate under the ground.”可知塑料瓶最终成为陆地上、河流、湖泊和海洋中的垃圾。塑料瓶在地下分解需要数百年的时间。所以disintegrate表示“分解”，和C选项符合，故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据“Betty Mclaughlin, who runs an organization called the Container Recycling Institute, says we should try using fewer bottles:”以及“Remember this: Recycling one plastic bottle can save enough energy to power a 60-watt（瓦）light bulb for six hours.”可知作者主要是告诉我们要重复使用和回收塑料瓶。故选D。
35．C 36．D 37．D 38．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了乱扔电子垃圾的危害，以及列举了重复利用电子垃圾的例子。
35．细节理解题。根据“During the two sessions (两会), Lei Jun, the founder (创始人) of China’s tech company Xiaomi, called for more e-waste recycling (回收利用) plans in China.”可知雷军建议人们回收更多的电子垃圾，故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据“ the world’s e-waste will reach 74.7 million tons by 2030.”可知到2030年，全球电子废物将达到7470万吨。故选D。
37．细节理解题。根据“This means that gold, silver, copper (铜) and other high-value materials were mostly burned or throw instead of reused...E-waste can also harm the environment and people’s health.”可知乱扔电子垃圾会导致材料浪费，还会污染环境以及损害公众健康，故选D。
38．推理判断题。根据“For example, US company Apple built a robot called Daisy to take 200 iPhones apart.”以及“Samsung plans to use recycled materials in all of its new products by the year 2025. It also plans to reduce e-waste by improving product life cycles. Xiaomi is also setting up e-waste recycling platforms so that people can donate or sell their old electronics more easily.”可知作者提到苹果Daisy、三星和小米是为了列举再利用电子垃圾的例子。故选C。
39．Britain 40．fires 41．More 42．cars 43．better
【导语】本文主要讲述了英国的环境问题。
39．根据“Britain has serious environmental problems.”可知，本文主要讲述了英国的环境问题，故填Britain。
40．根据“The government introduced new laws to stop smog from coal fires and factories and the situation improved a lot.”可知，过去有煤火和工厂产生的烟雾，故填fires。
41．根据“In 1952, more than 4,000 people died in London because of the smog.”可知，1952年，伦敦有4000多人死于雾霾。此空位于句首，首字母大写。故填More。
42．根据“Today, London is much cleaner but there is a new problem: smog from cars.”可知，现在烟雾来自于汽车，故填cars。
43．根据“Experts say that Britain needs better and cheaper public transport (交通). ”可知，需要提供更好更便宜的公共交通，故填better。
44．B 45．A 46．F 47．D 48．C
【导语】本文介绍了三种我们主要面临的环境问题。
44．根据“The greenhouse effect”“Cutting down forests”以及“Bad habits”可知，文章介绍了三种环境问题。B选项“但是，我们面临的主要问题是什么？”符合语境。故选B。
45．根据“It is like the glass of a green house, and it lets sunlight in and keeps heat from getting out.（它就像温室的玻璃，让阳光进来，防止热量散发）”可知大气层对于地球的重要性。A选项“没有大气层，地球就会像月球一样——寒冷而没有生命。”符合语境。故选A。
46．根据“Cutting down forests（砍伐森林）”可知这一段主要介绍砍伐森林的问题。F选项“每一年我们通过砍伐大面积的森林来破坏大自然。”符合语境。故选F。
47．根据“Bad habits”可知这一段主要介绍坏习惯的问题。D选项“我们的许多习惯会造成污染”符合语境。故选D。
48．根据“We can reuse things for the same purpose as before, or we can use them for new purposes.”可知我们可以像以前一样重复使用物品。C选项“我们也应该尽可能多地回收利用东西。”符合语境。故选C。
49．them 50．more 51．with 52．part 53．such 54．are 55．youngest 56．joined 57．running 58．cities
【导语】本文是中国日报网站刊登的关于“我们为垃圾而跑”的新闻。
49．句意：跑步者随身携带垃圾袋，跑步时捡起垃圾。此处在介词后作宾语，用宾格，故填them。
50．句意：让跑步不仅仅是跑步。根据“than”可知，此处用比较级，故填more。
51．句意：她穿着一件蓝色t恤，后面写着“我们为垃圾而跑”。分析“She wears a blue T-shirt...‘WE RUN FOR TRASH’ on the back.”可知，此处表示伴随，用介词with，故填with。
52．句意：儿童甚至宠物都可以参加这项活动。根据“Children and even pets can take...in the activity.”可知，此处是take part in短语，意为“参加”，故填part。
53．句意：索戈尔说，该市有200多名来自各行各业的收垃圾者，比如办公室职员、瑜伽老师和餐馆老板。根据“Sogor says there are more than 200 trash runners from all walks of life in the city, ...as office workers, yoga teachers and restaurant owners.”可知，此处是such as短语，意为“比如”，故填such。
54．句意：超过90%的成员是中国人。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，故填are。
55．句意：最大的40多岁，最小的只有5岁。根据“The oldest are in their 40s, and the...is just 5.”可知，此处介绍年龄最小的，故填youngest。
56．句意：他上个月和父母一起加入了这个组织。根据“last month”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填joined。
57．句意：这个男孩摔断了左臂，但他继续奔跑，用右手捡垃圾。keep doing“继续做某事”，故填running。
58．句意：在上海、北京、重庆、长春和武汉等16个城市都有组织。sixteen修饰可数名词复数，故填cities。
59．carelessly
【详解】句意：约翰为不小心没锁门而道歉。题干中需要副词修饰动词leaving，因为是“said sorry”可知是道歉，因此是粗心造成的，应用carelessly表示“粗心地”。故填carelessly。
60．to turn
【详解】句意：Tom，记得离开教室时要把灯关了。remember to do sth“记得要做某事（还未做）”，动词不定式作宾语。故填to turn。
61．wisely
【详解】句意：我的表弟很聪明，他做任何事情都很明智。此处修饰动词do用副词wisely“明智地”。故填wisely。
62．seriously
【详解】句意：由于新冠肺炎，世界上许多人都得了重病。此处修饰形容词ill，应用副词形式，serious意为“严重的”，是形容词，其副词为seriously，故填seriously。
63．difference
【详解】句意：如果你不断练习，你能产生巨大的影响。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词作宾语，构成动词短语make a big difference“产生巨大影响”，形容词different“不同的”变形为名词difference“差异”。故填difference。
64．living
【详解】句意：我们应该多注意我们的生活环境。此刻那个缺少形容词修饰名词environment，living“居住的”，living environment“生活环境”，故填living。
65．greatest
【详解】句意：造纸术是中国古代最伟大的发明之一。根据“one of the+最高级+名词复数”意为“最……之一”可知，此处需要用形容词最高级，greatest符合句意，故填greatest。
66．will be fined
【详解】句意：如果你在公共场所吐痰，你将被警察罚款。根据“If”可知，遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，fine和“you”是被动关系，因此句子时态是一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be fined。
67． What a serious illness
【详解】serious“严重的”，illness“疾病”，修饰可数名词单数形式用what引导的感叹句结构，serious是以辅音音素开头的，冠词用a，故填What；a；serious；illness。
68． will be saved is reused
【详解】节约：save；再次使用：reuse；根据“if”可知，遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；再者根据“energy”和“save”可知，两者是被动关系；且“the waste”和“reuse”也是被动关系，因此前后两句都是被动语态。故填will be saved；is reused。
69．live a green life
【详解】根据中文提示可知，此处考查动词短语live a green life“过上绿色生活”，且空前是动词不定式符号to，后接动词原形。故填live a green life。
70．serious air pollution
【详解】serious“严重的”，形容词作定语；air pollution“空气污染”，pollution是不可数名词。故填serious air pollution。
71．allows me to watch
【详解】根据题干可知，此处考查动词短语allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，以及动词短语watch TV“看电视”，且此处陈述事实，用一般现在时，主语为Mum，是单数，谓语动词用三单形式allows。故填allows me to watch。
72．punished
【详解】句意：如果我们偷东西，我们会受到惩罚。punish“处罚”；主语“We”和“punish”是动宾关系，可知填过去分词与“will be ”构成一般将来时被动语态。故填punished。
73．caused
【详解】句意：——什么导致了断电？——我们去看看。cause“导致”，根据语境可知“断电”已发生，应用一般过去时。故填caused。
74．form
【详解】句意：——我不知道如何形成好的习惯。——让我来告诉你。form“形成”，及物动词。不定式to后接动词原形。故填form。
75．differences
【详解】句意：我发现在露西和丽丽之间有许多不同之处。difference“不同”，名词。many修饰可数名词复数。故填differences。
76．allow
【详解】句意：我父母不允许我玩太多的电脑游戏。根据“My parents don’t…me to play too many computer games.”和汉语提示可知，本题考查词组allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，助动词do后加not再加动词原形构成否定。故填allow。
77．例文
Hello, everyone. We share a common home—the earth. We should help build a green world so that we can live a healthy life. Let’s work hard for it together.
To have a good environment, I’m going to ride a bicycle to school and ask people around me to drive their cars less to reduce air pollution. Then I will plant more trees with my friends and recycle waste to help protect the natural environment. Moreover, I should use cloth bags for shopping, not plastic bags. What’s more, I can save water by taking shorter showers and turning off the tap when I brush my teeth.
Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文，是一篇校刊的征文稿。
②时态：本文以一般现在时为主。
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点，并适当增加细节，突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
①第一步，开头点明主题：我们要为了绿色世界做出努力；
②第二步，具体说明我们可以怎么做；
③第三步，结尾再次呼吁大家要付出行动。
[亮点词汇]
①so that 因此
②reduce air pollution 减少空气污染
③recycle waste 回收废品
④nake a difference 有区别
[高分句型]
①To have a good environment, I’m going to ride a bicycle to school and ask people around me to drive their cars less to reduce air pollution. (to do作目的状语)
②We should help build a green world so that we can live a healthy life. (so that引导结果状语从句)
③What’s more, I can save water by taking shorter showers and turning off the tap when I brush my teeth. (when引导时间状语从句)
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