限时规范训练（39）
限时 35分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2022·甘肃省高三诊断)The most popular martial arts (武术) today originated in Asia，especially in China. Many martial arts were invented because people needed to defend themselves or protect others. Nowadays，people learn martial arts as a way of keeping fit or as a competitive sport，but they are still very useful for self-defense.
Martial arts are often referred to as either the soft ones or the hard ones. These terms imply a way of dealing with your opponent's force. Soft martial arts, such as tai chi，teach you to use your opponent's force to defend yourself. Soft styles allow you to use flowing movements and timing to avoid your opponent's attacks. These martial arts are soft for the defender but not for the attacker! On the other hand，hard styles such as kung fu, teach you to defend yourself using force. Techniques involve blocking，posturing，powerful hitting and kicking. Hard martial arts techniques are more effective if you are more skillful，more powerful and faster than your opponent.
Perhaps one of the best known Japanese martial arts today is karate. But did you know that its roots are derived from Fujian Province In the 4th century，a community of Chinese migrants from Fujian settled in what was then the kingdom of Okinawa. The Chinese migrants used to gather in a park to enjoy cultural activities — one of which was kung fu. This soon caught the attention of local youths，who started learning kung fu from their Chinese neighbours.
In fact，Chinese influence in martial arts was not limited to kung fu. The very first Korean military training guidebook was based on a Chinese version. During the Japanese invasion of Korea in the 16th century，the Korean army needed an effective way to train a large number of troops. They adopted a training methodology (方法) from a Chinese military book called Ji Xiao Xin Shu，written by the famous Chinese general Qi Jiguang.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了武术的起源、分类、作用以及发展史等。
1．Why did people invent martial arts
A．For keeping fit.
B．For self-defense.
C．For competition.
D．For attacking others.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many martial arts ... themselves or protect others.”可知，人们发明武术是因为人们需要保护自己或他人。
2．Which is the character of soft martial arts
A．Using violence to attack others.
B．Attacking your opponent's weakness.
C．Using smooth action to defend yourself from damage.
D．Defending yourself with powerful hitting and kicking.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Soft styles allow ...your opponent's attacks.”可知，软功夫的特色是使用流畅的动作来避免对手的攻击。
3．Who spread karate
A．The Chinese army.
B．The Korean military.
C．Japanese troops.
D．Chinese migrants.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Chinese migrants ... their Chinese neighbours.”可知，中国移民常常聚集在一起享受功夫的乐趣，这很快引起了当地年轻人的注意，他们开始向他们的中国邻居学习功夫。由此可知，中国移民传播了空手道。
4．Why did the Korean army adopt a training methodology from Ji Xiao Xin Shu
A．To train soldiers.
B．To keep soldiers fit.
C．To attend cultural activities.
D．To show admiration for Qi Jiguang.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“During the Japanese ...famous Chinese general Qi Jiguang.”可知，在16世纪日本侵略朝鲜时，朝鲜军队使用了戚继光所著的《纪效新书》中的训练方法训练士兵。
B
(2022·天津南开中学高三摸底考试)Blind imitation (模仿) is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.
In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else's way of cooking when I could create my own Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child's bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.
In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others. In the field of entertainment, celebrities usually are glorified. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behavior.
The person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique is admirable. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creation was motivated by inspiration not by desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.
Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory, knowing that they would be cheering on.”
【语篇解读】　在技能或性格发展的早期阶段，模仿是有帮助的，但是盲目模仿只会给自己带来伤害。在文章的最后作者强调了创造的重要性。
5．Imitation proves useful when you ．
A．know you are unique
B．lose the balance of life
C．begin to learn something new
D．get tired of routine practice
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“In the early stages of skill or character development，imitation is helpful.”可知，在学习新技能和性格发展的早期阶段，模仿是有用的。
6．According to the author, the world moves on because of those who are ．
A．desperate to influence others with their knowledge
B．ready to turn their original ideas into reality
C．eager to discover what their ancestors did
D．willing to accept others' ideas
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.”可知，改变世界的不是那些做在他们之前有人做过的事情的人，而是那些按照他们的内心想法去做事情的人。也就是说，世界因为那些准备把他们的原创想法变成现实的人而前进。
7．The trouble a creator faces is ．
A．the lack of strong motivation
B．the absence of practical ideas
C．how to search for more materials
D．how to use imagination creatively
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The problem a creator faces is not running out of material；it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.”可知，创造者面临的问题不是用完材料，而是如何处理敲开想象之门的材料，也就是如何创造性地运用想象力。故选D。
8．What is the author's purpose of writing this passage
A．To highlight the importance of creativity.
B．To criticize the characters of role models.
C．To compare imitation with creation.
D．To explain the meaning of success.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段内容和第四段中的“The person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique is admirable.”以及最后一段中的“Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you.”可知，盲目模仿是自我毁灭，愿意根据自己突然产生的欲望去创造一些独一无二的事情的人是值得钦佩的，在向榜样学习时要有所选择，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是强调要创新，而不要盲目模仿。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2022·重庆市高三质检)
How to Fight Burnout
You can avoid burnout by focusing on personal characteristics associated with more resilience (恢复力)．Research published in the journal Current Psychology finds something useful. 1
Focus on solving problems. Rather than avoiding problems, find ways to address them. If you're having a conflict with a co-worker, sit down with him/her and talk through the issues. If you're in over your head with a project at work, let your boss know and ask for help. 2
Believe in your own abilities. Of course, you're not perfect, but having confidence in your capabilities will go a long way toward your success. Burnout is characterized by shame or questioning your effectiveness. 3 Make a list of your skills and talents. Focus on what you want to learn and where you want to go from here—identify the class you want to take or the person you want to get to know and learn from.
Invest in social relationships. Being a high-achiever doesn't mean you have to push away others. 4 Plus, having time away with people you care about can actually provide inspiration when you do work.
5 You can prevent burnout from occurring again by knowing how to look out for it. There are usually some indicators that you are about to experience burnout.When you spot these signs, take a look at your life and make some positive additions.
A．Know the warning signs.
B．Make leisure time meaningful.
C．Remind yourself of all you've accomplished.
D．The following are key ways to address burnout.
E．Listen to others for experience, especially negative self-talk.
F．Social support can be a great way to help you fight against work stress.
G．Overall, seek to take action rather than sidestepping or avoiding issues.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了倦怠是日常生活中一个很常见的现象，那么如何克服倦怠呢？本文就此提出了一些建议。
1．D　空格前讲你可以通过关注与更多恢复力相关的个人特征来避免倦怠。发表在《当代心理学》杂志上的研究发现了一些有用的东西。下文介绍了一些克服倦怠的方法。D项“以下是解决倦怠的关键方法”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
2．G　空格前讲专注于解决问题。与其避开问题，不如找到办法解决它们。如果你与同事有冲突，就坐下来和他/她把这些问题讨论清楚。如果你在工作中遇到棘手的项目，就让你的老板知道并(向他)寻求帮助。G项“总的来说，设法采取行动，而不是回避或逃避问题”承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
3．C　空格前讲倦怠的特征是羞愧或质疑你自己的效率；空格后讲把你的技能和才艺列一个清单。专注于你想学的东西和你想去的地方——确定你想上的课或你想认识和向他/她学习的人。C项“提醒自己你所完成的一切”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
4．F　空格前讲对社交关系投资。成为一个高成就者并不意味着你必须排斥他人；空格后讲另外，和你关心的人共度时光实际上可以在你工作时带来灵感。F项“社会支持会是帮助你对抗工作压力的一个好方法”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
5．A　此处是本段的主旨句。通读本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了倦怠是有迹可寻的。A项“了解(倦怠的)警示信号”统领本段，符合语境。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022·昆明市“三诊一模”教学质量检测)In ancient times，builders and 1. (architect)in Beijing relied on five colors to add life to their creations：red，yellow，blue，white，and gray. These colors were connected 2. five different elements：metal，wood，water，fire，and earth. The Chinese sage (智者) Laozi said that five colors make people blind，so in architectural art，it's suggested that no more than three main colors should 3. (use) for a design；otherwise，it would look too busy. Then red，yellow and blue gradually 4. (become) the main colors in the Forbidden City.
Red，the color of fire and blood，has long been important in Chinese symbolism. Traditionally，red represents 5. (warm) and the highest amount of energy. The association of red with good fortune is the reason 6. the color red is important in weddings，New Years，and other important celebrations.
Yellow was another obvious color in old Beijing, 7. (stand) for the power of the emperor. The Yellow Emperor is the mythological (神话的) forefather of the Chinese nation while archeologists find the 8. (early)examples of Chinese civilization in the Yellow River basin.
The color blue symbolized heaven. 9. was discovered that blue had a unique sensitivity to light，and was the perfect color used 10. (create) copies of drawings.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述颜色在中国建筑中的运用及其象征意义。
1．architects　考查名词单复数。根据空前的builders可知，此处是指北京的建造者和建筑师，architect为可数名词，故应用其复数形式。故填architects。
2．with/to　考查介词。此处是指这些颜色与金木水火土五种元素有关。be connected with/to是固定短语，意为“与……有联系”。故填with/to。
3．be used　考查动词的语态。此处是指在设计中颜色的使用不应该超过三种。主语no more than three main colors与use之间为动宾关系，故此处应用被动语态。故填be used。
4．became　考查动词的时态。根据本段第一句中的“In ancient times”和语境可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填became。
5．warmth　考查名词。根据空后的“and”和名词短语“the highest amount of energy”可知，此处应用名词形式。故填warmth。
6．why　考查定语从句。此处是指红色在婚礼、新年和其他重要的庆祝活动中很重要是因为红色与好运有关。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少连词。结合句意可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，且从句中不缺少成分，故应用关系副词why引导。故填why。
7．standing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句谓语动词是was，故此空应填非谓语动词，stand与Yellow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填standing。
8．earliest　考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the和空后的介词短语of Chinese civilization可知，此处有范围限制，故应用最高级。故填earliest。
9．It　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。故填It。
10．to create　考查非谓语动词。use sth.to do sth.是固定短语，use的宾语是the perfect color。故填to create。

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