2024届高三英语语法专项练习八定语从句(含解析)

语法专项练习八:定语从句
一、
1.Giving is a universal opportunity ________ regardless of your age, profession, religion, and background, you have the capacity to create change.
2.He refused to tell us the reason _________ he was against the plan.
3.Creating an atmosphere in _________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
4.They were well trained by their masters _____ had great experience with caring for these animals.
5.The little problems _________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
6.It is important to fix anything _________ might affect your home's heating performance, such as badly fitting windows or damp walls.
7.We are not familiar with different cultures, ________ is often the case in other countries.
8.What I'm going to say may offend some sensitive listeners at the meeting, to _____ I offer my apologies in advance.
9.I am afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, _____ is why he never finishes anything.
10.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
11.Many lessons are now available online, from _________ students can choose for free.
12.I have two candidates for this job, both of _________ would be great additions to our department.
二、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不超过3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
For those who travel to China, the scenic spots and ancient civilization are ①__________ (attract) things, and so is Chinese food and drink. Like music, dance and painting, eating is also an art in China and Chinese cuisine ②__________ (list) as one of the top in the field of world cuisines.
Nobody could tell exactly how many restaurants a specific city has, let alone the roadside eateries(饭馆) ③__________ (distribute) in streets and back lanes. Wherever you would like to eat in the restaurants ④__________the roadside eateries, make sure that the restaurant is clean and the food has been ⑤__________ (fresh) prepared and is hot.
Chinese regard eating as an art, ⑥__________ is a comprehensive combination of sight, smell, touch, taste and even sound. Chinese cuisine is an important branch from the Chinese culture and the core is taste while the purpose is ⑦__________ (preserve) health.
It is a perfect combination of color, shape, ⑧__________ (appear) and flavor. Delicious and nutritious food has been regarded the basics of ordinary life.
Chinese cuisine has a long history and is famous worldwide ⑨__________ its rich tastes and delightful colors. The difference in local climate, history and eating customs in each region has produced local dishes and snacks with their own ⑩__________(characteristic).
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不超过3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you're in a hurricane-hit area and plan on riding it out, proper ①_____ (prepare) is the key. And there is one thing you should have around at all times: a plastic water bottle. Why When the weather ②_____ (take) a turn for the worse, a water bottle is one of the most useful things ③_____ you have in your home. It might even save your life. Severe flooding caused by a hurricane can make the local drinking water dirty with some ④_____ (danger) substances. ⑤_____ (avoid) a serious illness, it's best to store plenty of bottled water to drink safely.
That's pretty obvious, of course. But keep those empty plastic ⑥_____ (bottle) around after you drink, too, because they have lots of uncommon uses. For example, ⑦_____ empty water bottle can turn into a water filter (滤水器) if you need to drink from the tap. If your lights go ⑧_____, don't try the old-fashioned way with candles; you can rely on your handy plastic water bottles once again. Simply tape a small flashlight to the bottom of a bottle, and ⑨_____ (it) plastic (and the water inside) will amplify the glow (增强光亮). Then the little light can ⑩_____ (use) to light up a room or send signals to rescue personnel.
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不超过3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When foreigners come to China, they may be①_______(surprise) at Chinese’s special fondness and preference for seals(印章). To Chinese, seals are an art of deep cultural roots,②_______combines the essence of both calligraphy(书法) and sculpture and inspires generations to study, to appreciate and to collect.
It is believed that seals came out as early ③_______8,000 years ago after our ancestors could make pottery wares(陶瓷)and had private property. They tried to make marks on ④_______(they) own possessions to prevent them from being stolen. When the first dynasty ⑤_______(found),the king began to use seals to empower(授权)and to show lordly credits. Only the king’s special seal was then called “Xi”, ⑥_______(represent) the highest authority. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, had his “Xi” ⑦_______(make) out of the invaluable and beautiful jade “Heshi Bi”.
Then the local governments also needed seals for ⑧_______same function. Meanwhile, private seals were carved in a variety of lucky ⑨_______(character)and vivid animal patterns. ⑩_______(gradual). the sphragistics (印章学) came into being.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案:where
解析:考查定语从句。句意为:给予是一种普遍的机会,不管你的年龄、职业、宗教和背景如何,你都有能力创造改变。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"a universal opportunity",关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导该从句。故填where。
2.答案:why
解析:在限制性定语从句中若先行词是reason,且关系词在限制性定语从句中作状语时,要用why引导从句。
3.答案:which
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格处应填入定语从句的关系词。关系词在介词in后作宾语,指代先行词atmosphere,故填入which。
4.答案:who/that
解析:句意: 它们被他们的主人训练地很好, 它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters (主人), 且从句缺主语, 故关系词填who或that。
5.答案:that/which
解析:句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感之源。空格处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词problems,在从句中作宾语,故填入that或which。
6.答案:that
解析:句意:修复任何可能影响你家供暖性能的东西是很重要的,比如不合适的窗户或者潮湿的墙壁。空格处引导定语从句,修饰不定代词anything,在从句中作主语,故宜用that。
7.答案:as
解析:考查定语从句。句意为:我们对不同的文化不熟悉,这一点在其他国家也是一样的。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,意为“正如”,应用as引导该从句。as is often the case是固定短语,意为“情况常常如此”。故填as。
8.答案:whom
解析:句意为:我将要在会上说的话可能会冒犯一些敏感的听众,对这些听众,我提前表示歉意。分析句子结构可知,逗号后的内容为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词listeners。表示"向某人道歉"时,常用短语make/ offer an apology/ apologies to sb.,因为介词to已经提前,所以需要用"介词+关系代词"结构引导定语从句,关系代词在从句中作宾语,指人,故填whom。
9.答案:which
解析:句意为:恐怕与其说他是一个实干家,不如说他是一个空谈家,这就是他一事无成的原因。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个分句的内容,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导该从句,故填which。
10.答案:whose
解析:句意:1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。此处为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词"the World Food Programme",关系词在定语从句中作定语,故用whose。
11.答案:which
解析:句意:许多课程现在都可以在网上找到,学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词是Many lessons,指物,关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语,应用关系代词which引导。
12.答案:whom
解析: 分析句子结构可知,空格处应填入关系代词引导定语从句。空格处在介词of后作宾语,指代先行词candidates,因此用whom。
二、
答案:attractive; is listed; distributed; or ; freshly ; which; to preserve; appearance ; for; characteristics
解析:1. attractive.考查形容词.attractive是形容词"具有吸引力的"在此做定语修饰名词things.所以填attractive.
2. is listed.考查被动. Chinese cuisine 中国菜与list之间是被动关系,所以答案是is listed.故填is listed.
3. distributed.考查非谓语.eateries与动词distribute之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词在句中做定语.所以填distributed.
4. or.考查连词.在饭店或者路边餐馆,一定要干净的.所以用连词or"或者".所以填or.
5. freshly.考查副词.此处用副词freshly修饰动词prepare.所以填freshly.
6. which.考查定语从句.这是一个非限制性定语从句,用which来引导.所以填which.
7. to preserve.考查非谓语.此处是动词不定式在句中做表语.所以填to preserve.
8. appearance.考查名词.分析句子可知color,shape flavor都是并列的名词,所以appearance是名词"外表".所以填appearance.
9. for. 考查介词.因为它的美味和颜色而世界出名.所以填for.
10. characteristics.考查名词.characteristic是可数名词"特性,特征",他们自己的特性,所以用复数形式.所以填characteristics.
答案:①preparation ②takes ③that ④dangerous ⑤To avoid ⑥bottles ⑦an ⑧out ⑨its ⑩be used
解析:①考查词性转换.句意:如果你在受飓风袭击的地区,并计划安然渡过难关,适当的准备是关键.根据前面的proper可知此处应填名词preparation.
②考查时态及主谓一致.句意:当天气转坏的时候,水瓶是你家里有的最有用的东西之一.从句主语为the weather, 此处描述客观事实应用一般现在时,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.故填takes.
③考查定语从句.句意同上.设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词things,且先行词被形容词最高级修饰,关系词在从句中作宾语,只能用关系代词that. 故填that.
④考查形容词.句意:飓风引起的严重洪水会使当地的饮用水变脏并带有一些危险物质. substances 为名词,需要用形容词修饰,故填dangerous.
⑤考查非谓语动词.句意:为了避免严重的疾病,最好储存大量的瓶装水以便安全饮用.此处用不定式短语作目的状语.故填To avoid.
⑥考查名词的数.这里指那些塑料瓶,不止一个,需用复数形式bottles.
⑦考查冠词.句意:例如,如果你需要喝来自水龙头的水,一个空水瓶可以变成一个滤水器. bottle为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且empty为以元音音素开头的单词,故应用不定冠词an.
⑧考查固定短语.句意:如果你的灯灭了,不要尝试点蜡烛这种陈旧的方法;你可以再一次依靠你手边的塑料水瓶.固定短语go out表示"熄灭",故填out.
⑨考查代词.句意:只需把一个小手电筒贴在瓶子的底部,瓶子的塑料(和里面的水)就会增强光亮. plastic为名词,需要用形容词性物主代词its修饰.故填its.
⑩考查动词的语态.句意:然后,小灯可以用来照亮房间或发送信号给救援人员. light 与use之间为被动关系,且can后跟动词原形.故填be used.
答案:
1. surprised
2. which
3. as
4. their
5. was founded
6. representing
7. made
8. the
9. characters
10. Gradually
解析:
本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的传统文化印章的历史,以及印章学的形成。
1.surprised,感到吃惊的,形容词,作表语。be surprised at,对……感到吃惊。
2. 关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词art, which在从句中作主语。
3. 据信,早在8000年前,我们的祖先可以制作陶器并拥有私有财产之后,印章就出现了。as...as,和……一样。
4. their,形容词性的物主代词,修饰名词possessions。
5. 当第一个朝代建立时,……。found是时间状语从句中的谓语,此句讲的是过去的事,时态用一般过去时,found和主语呈被动关系,故构成一般过去时的被动语态:be(was/were)+过去分词,主语是单数,be动词用was。
6. 非谓语动词。represent和逻辑主语seal呈主动关系,故用现在分词表主动。
7. have sth done,使……被……,过去分词作宾补,sth和done是被动关系。根据题意,答案为made.
8. the same...,同样的,固定搭配。
9. 与此同时,私人印章上面刻着各种幸运文字以及生动的动物图案。character,文字,可数名词,前面有a variety of(各种各样的),故填入复数。
10. 逐渐地,印章学形成了。gradually,逐渐地,副词,作状语。

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