备考2023年高考英语二轮专题：阅读理解（健康）
一、阅读理解
（2023高三下·定远开学考）阅读理解
Have you ever heard someone say,
"breakfast is the most important meal of the day", or give you advice
about why it's vital to start the day with a healthy breakfast It seems that
this meal, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it
really that important
The word
"breakfast" comes from "breaking the fast"— the idea of
ending the period in which we don't eat during the night. The regeneration
process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food
reserves. Breakfast gives us an opportunity to replenish those reduced
stores of things like protein and calcium. So, in that way, a healthy breakfast
makes sense.
There are also
many often-quoted studies which seem to connect a state of being overweight
with not eating breakfast. In fact, it leads many health experts to advise a
healthy breakfast to not only control but also lose weight. In a US study,
50,000 people were monitored over seven years, and those who ate a healthy
breakfast were found to have a lower BMI (体重指数), which seems to suggest that
breakfast may indeed help people maintain a healthy weight.
But it might not
be as simple as that. Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at
the University of Aberdeen, suggests those who do not have breakfast might be
less aware of healthy diets and nutrition, and people who eat breakfast might
have a healthier lifestyle overall exercising and not smoking, for example. And
he also points out that with the rise in popularity of intermittent (间歇性的) fasting to lose weight, there may also be some benefits to not
eating breakfast, like improving blood sugar control and lowering blood pressure.
So, while
breakfast has its benefits, it might not be the most important meal. It seems
that a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet might be more important for many
of us than just one single meal.
1．Why does the author list the questions in the first paragraph
A．To give a warming. B．To offer some advice.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To prove a certain fact.
2．What does the underlined word "replenish" mean in paragraph 2
A．Set aside. B．Manage without.
C．Make up for. D．Run out of.
3．What conclusion can we draw from Johnstone's research
A．Skipping breakfast may do good to our health.
B．Those who eat breakfast can keep a lower BMI.
C．Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
D．Intermittent fasting contributes greatly to weight loss.
4．What does the author suggest we do at the end of the text
A．Try new lifestyles.
B．Follow a balanced diet.
C．Pay more attention to breakfast.
D．Be aware of the benefits of each meal.
【答案】1．C
2．C
3．A
4．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，研究表明，早餐对于健康有一定的意义，但更重要的是健康的生活方式和均衡的饮食。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段列举的问题；以及“It seems that this meal, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it really that important ”对我们许多人来说，这顿饭似乎是一天良好开始的必要条件，但它真的那么重要吗？可知，作者在第一段列举问题，是为了引出下文的话题。故选C。
2．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves.”在我们睡觉时发生的再生过程消耗了我们的一些自然食物储备；以及“those reduced stores of things like protein and calcium”那些减少的蛋白质和钙等物质的储存，可知，replenish与make up for意思相近，表示“补充、弥补”。即：早餐让我们有机会补充那些减少的蛋白质和钙等物质。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“And he also points out that with the rise in popularity of intermittent (间歇性的) fasting to lose weight, there may also be some benefits to not eating breakfast, like improving blood sugar control and lowering blood pressure. ”他还指出，随着间歇性禁食减肥的流行，不吃早餐也可能有一些好处，比如改善血糖控制和降低血压。可知，从Johnstone的研究中可知，不吃早餐也有一些好处。故选A。
4．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It seems that a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet might be more important for many of us than just one single meal.”对我们许多人来说，健康的生活方式和均衡的饮食似乎比一顿饭更重要。可知，作者建议我们应该均衡饮食。故选B。
（2023高二下·泸县开学考）阅读理解
Got vegan milk The amount of faux (人造的) dairy products is growing and the choices seem endless. You can buy products made of soy, almond, rice, oats, and coconut, in regular or flavored varieties.
A report shows that sales of plant-based dairy alternatives grew twice as fast in 2020 as real milk. But some people won't make the switch because the alternatives don't taste the same as milk. Now, a milk alternative is being launched that actually tastes like it came from a cow. Danone, which is known for its yogurt, will be launching two new milk alternatives in North America that the company expects to fill this place.
Silk's Next Milk and So Delicious' Wondermilk will both be made of oat milk, coconut milk, coconut oil, and soy. Danone is counting on the new products to reach people who want to switch from dairy for health or ethical reasons but enjoy the taste of milk in their coffee and breakfast cereal.
"There's been a group of consumers who remain skeptical about plant-based offerings, largely because of their taste and texture, "John Starkey said. "From our research, we saw that there were about 53 per cent of people who say that they wouldn't purchase plant-based beverages because of their taste."
While the company has been in the faux dairy business since 2016, the products did not have the real dairy taste. The company used its experience with both real dairy and faux dairy products to refine the new offerings.
There are other milk alternatives available that also aim to be more milk like. Notco, a company, located in Chile, produces a milk alternative called Not Milk that is made of sunflower oil, pea protein, water, and pineapple juice. Another pea-based product called Wunda was launched by Nestle in Europe in 2021. The food giant Impossible Foods is also working on their own version of milk called Impossible Milk. The company is looking to corner the faux dairy market the same way its Impossible Burger did when it was released in 2016.
5．What is special about Danone's new milks
A．The taste is equal to that of a cow.
B．They have won the favor of consumers.
C．They have high nutritional value.
D．Their prices prove a lot lower.
6．What can we infer from what John Starkey said
A．He was optimistic. B．He was a bit concerned.
C．He was in charge of the study. D．He'll improve taste constantly.
7．What does Impossible Milk belong to
A．Danone. B．Notco.
C．Wunda. D．Impossible Foods.
8．Where is the text most taken from
A．A notice board. B．A news report.
C．A health magazine. D．A research paper.
【答案】5．A
6．B
7．D
8．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几大公司正在研发口味更接近牛奶的植物性乳制品，以满足素食人群对食品种类和口味的需求。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Danone is counting on the new products to reach people who want to switch from dairy for health or ethical reasons but enjoy the taste of milk in their coffee and breakfast cereal.”Danone指望这些新产品能够吸引那些出于健康或道德原因想要放弃乳制品、但又喜欢咖啡和早餐麦片中牛奶味道的人。可知，Danone的新乳制品的口味和牛奶一样。故选A。
6．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“From our research, we saw that there were about 53 per cent of people who say that they wouldn’t purchase plant-based beverages because of their taste.”从我们的研究中，我们发现大约有53%的人说他们因口味问题，不会选择购买植物性饮料。可推知，John Starkey对植物性乳制品的前景有点担忧，因为研究发现大约一半的人不会购买植物性饮料。故选B。
7．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“The food giant Impossible Foods is also working on their own version of milk called Impossible Milk.”食品巨头Impossible Foods也在研发他们自己的牛奶，名为Impossible milk。可知，Impossible milk是属于Impossible Foods的。故选D。
8．考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文介绍了几大公司正在研发口味更接近牛奶的植物性乳制品，以满足素食人群对食品种类和口味的需求。可推知，文章最有可能出自一份健康杂志。故选C。
（2023高三上·南阳期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Despite the life-saving
COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗), so many people died in the second year
of the pandemic in the US that the nation's life expectancy dropped for a second
year in a row last year, according to a new analysis.
The analysis of government
statistics found US life expectancy fell by just under half a year in 2021, adding
to a dramatic drop in life expectancy that occurred in 2020. Dr. Steven Woolf, a
professor of population health and health expert at Virginia Commonwealth University,
who helped conduct the analysis, said many of the deaths occurred in people in the prime of their lives. And Woolf added that it drove
the overall US life expectancy to fall to 76.6 years—the lowest in at least 25 years.
"Shame on the
US," said Noreen Goldman, a professor at Princeton University. The 2021 drop
came after US life expectancy fell in 2020, dropping by almost two years. It's unclear
why this happened, but Woolf and others thought it may be due in part to some Americans
more likely to live in states with fewer restrictions, so they let down their guard
more, while often refusing to get vaccinated.
"The deaths that
occurred in 2021 were a product not only of a lack of COVID-19 vaccines, which was
a factor, but also being in places that didn't observe policies like masking and
social distancing that prevented spread of the virus, which was the main reason,"
Woolf said.
The 2021 drop also
widened the gap in life expectancy between the US and other countries, the analysis
found. That was due primarily to lower vaccination rates in the US, researchers
said. The researchers also said a big part of that was fewer restrictions and more
vaccine hesitation in the US, which resulted in lower vaccination rates and a much
higher death number. The other health problems like heart attack and overweight
also played a role, they said.
"We spent a fortune
on medical care and we're a high-income country. Our government should be able to
do far better," Goldman said.
9．What was America's life expectancy before COVID-19
A．About 79.1 years. B．About 78.6 years.
C．About 77.1 years. D．About 76.6 years.
10．What played an important role in leading the high death rate in the US
A．Lack of medicine.
B．Powerful virus.
C．Violation of anti-epidemic policies.
D．The government's negative act.
11．Which column of a magazine can this text come from
A．Politics. B．Science. C．Education. D．Health.
12．What is Goldman's attitude toward the government
A．Unsatisfied. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned.
【答案】9．A
10．C
11．D
12．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新冠疫情以来，美国人的预期寿命下降了。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The analysis of government statistics found US life expectancy fell by just under half a year in 2021, adding to a dramatic drop in life expectancy that occurred in 2020.”对政府统计数据的分析发现，2021 年美国预期寿命下降了不到半年，加剧了 2020 年预期寿命的急剧下降；“And Woolf added that it drove the overall US life expectancy to fall to 76.6 years—the lowest in at least 25 years.”Woolf补充说，这推动美国整体预期寿命降至76.6岁——这是至少25年来的最低水平。可知，美国的预期寿命在2021年下降了近半年，为76.6岁；以及第三段中的“The 2021 drop came after US life expectancy fell in 2020, dropping by almost two years.”2021 年的下降是在 2020 年美国预期寿命下降近两年之后发生的。可知，美国人的预期寿命在2020年大幅下降，下降了近两年，则疫情前美国的预期寿命约为76.6+0.5+2=79.1。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第四段“‘The deaths that occurred in 2021 were a product not only of a lack of COVID-19 vaccines, which was a factor, but also being in places that didn’t observe policies like masking and social distancing that prevented spread of the virus, which was the main reason,’ Woolf said.” Woolf说：“2021年发生的死亡不仅是缺乏COVID-19疫苗的产物，这是一个因素，而且还是在没有遵守口罩和保持社交距离等防止病毒传播的政策的地方，这是主要原因。”可知，2021年发生的死亡不仅是缺乏疫苗的结果，还是在没有遵守防止病毒传播的政策的地方，即没有戴口罩和保持社交距离的结果，这是主要原因，因此，不遵守防疫措施是导致美国大量死亡病例的主要原因。故选C。
11．考查推理判断。根据第一段“Despite the life-saving COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗), so many people died in the second year of the pandemic in the US that the nation's life expectancy dropped for a second year in a row last year, according to a new analysis.”根据一项新的分析，尽管有挽救生命的 COVID-19 疫苗，但美国在大流行的第二年仍有如此多的人死亡，以至于去年该国的预期寿命连续第二年下降；以及下文讲述的内容可知，本文主要介绍了新冠疫情以来，美国人的预期寿命下降的现象，并对此进行分析，这应属于健康热点话题。故选D。
12．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“‘We spent a fortune on medical care and we’re a high-income country. Our government should be able to do far better,’ Goldman said.” Goldman说“我们在医疗保健上花了一大笔钱，我们是一个高收入国家。我们的政府应该能够做得更好”。可知，Goldman认为我们的政府应该能做得更好，可以推断他对目前政府的所作所为并不满意。故选A。
（2023高三上·成都期末）阅读理解
As the weather gets colder, we start wearing jackets, and most of us stop
thinking about the sun. But the sun's rays can be just as harmful when it's cold
and cloudy outside. "Any exposed area of your body can still get sunburned," Dr. Apple A.
Bodemer, an assistant professor
at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, told Live Science.
Whether you spend a
day on the slopes or clearing snow out of your driveway, your face is still
getting exposed to the sun's radiation in the form of ultraviolet（紫外线）（UV）light, which can go deep into
your skin cells, causing DNA damage, according to Bodemer.
The sun's long ultraviolet
A (UVA)waves can cause earlier
aging and wrinkles, while its shorter ultraviolet
B (UVB) rays are known for
causing skin reddening and bums.
Skin damage caused
by UV exposure increases over time. More exposure to radiation contributes to severer
damage, even skin cancer. In
addition, snow and ice can also
make sun damage worse. They reflect up to 80 percent of UV rays reaching the ground.
That means you get heat from both the sky and the ground. And skiers and snowboarders
increase their risk of getting sunburned even more because UV exposure increases
at higher altitudes.
"Generally, the biggest factor
for sun-sensitivity is how pale your skin is," Bodemer said.
"But the reality is that even the individual with the darkest skin can get
sun damage. "
Luckily, the solution to protecting
your skin is simple: Wear sunscreen every
day. Rigel recommended using sunscreen with a sun protection factor（SPF）of at least 30, and that SPFs go higher
at higher altitudes. As a rule of thumb, SPF 30 will block 97
percent of UVB rays, SPF 50 blocking 98
percent, and SPF 100 blocking
99 percent. Whatever kind of sunscreen you use, it's important to apply
it once about every 2 hours.
Rigel also suggested
sunscreens with "broad spectrum" - to protect against both UVB and UVA
rays - as well as sunscreens that are water-resistant for up to 80 minutes. That
way, you can go about your
day without it wearing off too quickly.
13．Which of the statements best describes UV light
A．UVB rays cause much less damage to skin than UVA rays.
B．Skin damage from UV light can be totally prevented by sunscreen.
C．Snow and ice make people suffer much more UV light damage.
D．People outdoors needn't worry about getting sunburned on a cold day.
14．Which is the most vital factor as for sun damage
A．Your skin color. B．The clothes you wear.
C．The altitude of your place. D．The weather when you are outside.
15．What do we know about sunscreen
A．The lower the sunscreen's SPF is，the better effect it will have.
B．People working on high mountains need sunscreen of SPF 30.
C．Applying sunscreen once a day when you are outside is necessary.
D．Water-resistant sunscreen can be applied once every 80 minutes.
16．What may be the best title for the text
A．Being Exposed to Sun Rays B．Ultraviolet A & Ultraviolet B
C．Preventing Sunburn in Winter D．Different Kinds of Sunscreens
【答案】13．C
14．A
15．D
16．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，天气变冷，室外的太阳也可能会让我们暴露在外面的身体部位被晒伤。太阳长紫外线会导致早衰、黑斑和皱纹，短红外线则会导致皮肤变红或灼伤。因此冬天也要预防晒伤。文章还就如何防止皮肤晒伤给出一点建议。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
13．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"snow and ice can also make sun damage worse. They reflect up to 80 percent of UV rays reaching the ground. That means you get hit from both the sky and the ground. And skiers and snowboarders increase their risk of getting sunburned even more because UV exposure increases at higher altitudes.” 雪和冰也会使人受到太阳的损伤更严重。雪和冰能反射高达80%到达地面的紫外线。…滑冰和滑雪的人更容易被晒伤，因为在高海拔地区紫外线照射会增加"，可推断，雪和冰使人们遭受更多的紫外线伤害。故选C。
14．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Generally，the biggest factor for sun-sensitivity is how pale your skin is. ”对阳光敏感的最大因素是皮肤的苍白程度。可知太阳伤害最重要的因素是你的肤色。故选A。
15．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Rigel also suggested sunscreens with‘broad spectrum （光谱）'-to protect against both UVB and UVA rays-as well as sunscreens that are water resistant for up to 80 minutes. That way，you can go about your day without it wearing off too quickly.” 每80分钟可涂抹一次防水防晒霜以此防紫外线B和紫外线A射线以及防水，这样不会因为防晒霜消失地太快而被晒伤，有利于防晒。故选D。
16．考查主旨大意。本文一开头叙述天气变冷，室外的太阳也可能会让我们暴露在外面的身体部位被晒伤。太阳长紫外线会导致早衰、黑斑和皱纹，短红外线则会导致皮肤变红或灼伤。因此冬天也要减少晒伤。“防止冬季晒伤”适合做文章的标题，故选C。
（2022高三上·广东月考）
阅读理解
"You are what you
eat" is one of the most common cliches in dieting and health, entering
wide use with the publication of Victor Lindlahr's book in 1942. The phrase
narrowly assumes that our health is only determined by dieting, something that
advocates of popular diets also want us to believe. The reality, however, is
that our health and longevity are determined by much more than just diet. Exercising,
avoiding risky behaviors, and staying productive can offset a less-than-perfect
diet.
"What it suggests
is that our health is rigidly determined by the specific foods and nutrients we
put in our bodies. It says that if two people put the same foods in their
bodies, they will have the same level of health, "sports nutritionist Matt
Fitzgerald wrote in his 2014 book Diet Cults, in which he criticized many
popular diet trends for being unscientific and ultimately ineffective.
Science has revealed a
more detailed truth, Fitzgerald says. "We are what our bodies do with what
we eat, "he clarified. The two great pillars of a healthy body are diet
and exercise, and both affect physical functioning. "You are what you
eat" ignores the fact that what we do with our bodies may be just as
important as what we put in them. Fitzgerald cautions that one cannot simply
eat whatever one wants. Candy for every meal will not provide the nutrients
that the body needs. But one also doesn't have to eat a perfect diet all the
time to maximize health and longevity.
As the century-long
Longevity Project, a study which followed long-lived individuals, has shown, there
are numerous aspects of a person's life equally or more important than diet
that determine health and lifespan. Simply being ambitious, productive, and
engaged while avoiding destructive behaviors like smoking, drinking to excess, abusing
drugs, or driving too fast prolongs life and keeps us in good shape.
So yes, we are much, much
more than what we eat.
17．What does the phrase "You are what you eat" advocate
A．The nutrition. B．The exercises.
C．The intended diets. D．The risky behaviors.
18．Why did Fitzgerald disagree over the popular diet trends
A．They didn't help us to improve health.
B．They failed to provide enough nutrients.
C．They didn't consider the physical functioning.
D．They failed to include other important factors.
19．What is NOT included in prolonging one's life span
A．Being active. B．Avoiding smoking.
C．Being in good shape. D．Drinking at a certain amount.
20．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．What the cliche tells us
B．You are more than what you eat
C．Health and longevity: hands in hands
D．Ambition and engagement: key to long life
【答案】17．C
18．D
19．C
20．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过例证说明了“You are what you eat(你吃的食物决定你的健康)”该句流行话语的片面性。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
17．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The phrase narrowly assumes that our health is only determined by dieting, something that advocates of popular diets also want us to believe.”这句话狭隘地假设我们的健康只由饮食决定，这也是流行饮食的倡导者想让我们相信的。可推断，该句流行话宣传某种饮食，倡导预期的饮食。故选C。
18．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“‘You are what you eat’ ignores the fact that what we do with our bodies may be just as important as what we put in them.”“你吃的食物决定你的健康”忽略了一个事实，那就是我们对身体做什么可能和我们吃了什么一样重要。可推断，菲茨杰拉德不同意流行的饮食趋势，是因为它们没有包括其他重要因素。故选D。
19．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Simply being ambitious, productive, and engaged while avoiding destructive behaviors like smoking, drinking to excess, abusing drugs, or driving too fast prolongs life and keeps us in good shape.”只要保持雄心勃勃、富有成效、积极投入，同时避免吸烟、酗酒、滥用药物或超速驾驶等破坏性行为，就能延长寿命，保持良好的身材。可知，延长一个人的寿命保持活跃、忌烟限酒，而“保持良好的身材”为结果。故选C。
20．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“‘You are what you eat’ is one of the most common cliches in dieting and health, entering wide use with the publication of Victor Lindlahr's book in 1942. The phrase narrowly assumes that our health is only determined by dieting, something that advocates of popular diets also want us to believe.”“你吃的食物决定你的健康”是节食和健康方面最常见的陈词滥调之一，随着维克多·林德拉尔1942年的书的出版而广泛使用。这句话狭隘地假设我们的健康只由饮食决定，这也是流行饮食的倡导者想让我们相信的；结合全文可知，文章主要说明“You are what you eat”该句流行话语的片面性，该句话没有包涵其他因素。“你的健康不仅仅是由饮食决定的”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
（2022高三上·高县月考）
阅读理解
The federal school
lunch program for 30 million low-income children was created more than half a
century ago to combat malnutrition(营养不良). A
breakfast program was added during the 1960s, and both attempted to improve the
nutritional value of food served at school.
More must be done to
fight the childhood obesity epidemic(流行的),
which has caused a frightening
peak in weight-related disorders like diabetes, high-blood pressure and heart
disease among
young people. The place to start is schools, where junk food sold outside the
federal meals program—through snack bars and vending machines—has pretty much
canceled out the benefits of
all those efforts.
Federal rules that
govern the sales of these harmful foods at school are limited and have not been updated for nearly 40
years. Until new regulations are written, children who are served healthy meals
in the school cafeteria will continue to buy candy drinks and high sodium(钠) snacks elsewhere in school.
Many states' school
districts have taken positive steps, but others are likely to resist,
especially districts that sell junk food to finance athletic program
extracurricular activities, and even copier expenses.
Those districts should
take note of a study released in 2009 in West Virginia showing that the
budgetary costs of switching from sodas to healthy drinks such as fruit juice,
milk, and water were very
little. Even if the switch costs money, so be it. The school should not be
trading their students' health
to buy office supplies.
Over the last 50 years,
the obesity rates for adolescents have tripled. Unless there is decisive
action, weight and inactivity-related disorders will bother a steady larger
proportion of the work force
and replace smoking as the leading cause of premature death.
21．According to this passage, ______ are to blame for the childhood obesity.
A．weight-related disorders B．high calorie snacks
C．parents' bad habits D．unhealthy lunches and breakfast
22．Which is the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．Federal governments deserve high praise for their school lunch program.
B．New regulations are badly in need of updating.
C．Children should be forbidden to buy snacks in school.
D．Federal rules encourage snacks outside the school program
23．The passage is concerned mainly with ______.
A．Malnutrition in low-income children
B．The federal school lunch program
C．obesity at school
D．the nutritional value of food served at schoo
24．The tone of the passage is ______.
A．negative B．indifferent C．ironic D．positive
【答案】21．B
22．B
23．C
24．A
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；段落大意题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了开始于学校的儿童肥胖疫情，已在体重相关的疾病如糖尿病等疾病中引起可怕的高峰，虽然许多政府学校已采取积极措施，但可能受到阻碍，改善儿童肥胖疫情的前景并不乐观。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
21．考查推理判断。根据第二段“More must be done to fight the childhood obesity epidemic, which has caused a frightening peak in weight-related disorders like diabetes, high-blood pressure and heart disease among young people. The place to start is schools, where junk food sold outside the federal meals program — through snack bars and vending machines — has pretty much canceled out the benefits of all those efforts.” 必须做更多的工作来对抗儿童肥胖的流行，这已经导致年轻人中与体重相关的疾病，如糖尿病、高血压和心脏病，达到了一个可怕的峰值。从学校开始，在联邦膳食计划之外出售的垃圾食品——通过小吃店和自动售货机——几乎抵消了所有这些努力的好处。可知高卡路里零食造成儿童肥胖。故选B。
22．考查段落大意。根据第三段“Federal rules that govern the sales of these harmful foods at school are limited and have not been updated for nearly 40 years. Until new regulations are written, children who are served healthy meals in the school cafeteria will continue to buy candy drinks and high sodium snacks elsewhere in school.”联邦规则里关于这些有害食品在学校的销售是有限的，但是已近40年没有更新。在新的规定出台之前，在学校食堂吃健康食品的孩子将继续在学校其他地方购买糖果饮料和高钠零食。可推测，本段讲述新的规章制度急需更新。故选B。
23．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“Over the last 50 years, the obesity rates for adolescents have tripled. Unless there is decisive action, weight and inactivity-related disorders will bother a steady larger proportion of the work force and replace smoking as the leading cause of premature death.”在过去的50年里，青少年肥胖率翻了三倍。除非有决定性的行动，体重和不活动引起的疾病将困扰一个稳定的更大比例的劳动力，并取代吸烟作为过早死亡的主要原因。可知本文主要在描述开始于学校的儿童肥胖，讲述了引起病症的原因和改善的方法以及并不乐观的未来前景。可知本文主要讲述学校肥胖问题。故选C。
24．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Unless there is decisive action, weight and inactivity-related disorders will bother a steady larger proportion of the work force and replace smoking as the leading cause of premature death.”除非有决定性的行动，体重和不活动引起的疾病将困扰一个稳定的更大比例的劳动力，并取代吸烟作为过早死亡的主要原因。可推测文章的语调是消极的。故选A。
（2023高三上·沙坪坝月考）阅读理解
From crystal-blue lakes
to snow-capped mountains and thousand-year-old trees, Canada's nature is
admired around the world. Now it might also be just what the doctor ordered. An
ambitious new programme allows doctors to write prescriptions (处方) for free annual passes to Canada's
national parks, encouraging their patients to improve their health -both mental
and physical-by taking a stroll in nature.
The prescriptions are
provided by PaRX, in partnership with Parks Canada. The first passes were
handed out last month, giving holders access to more than 80 national parks, historic
sites and nature reserves. PaRX, a health initiative launched in 2019 by the
British Columbia Parks Foundation, notes on its website that spending lime in
nature can lead to longer lives, increased energy, reduced stress and anxiety,
improved heart health, less pain and better mood. Vitamin D from the sun's rays
has proven health benefits. The organization also hopes that the prescriptions
will boost investment in conservation in Canada.
The initial provision
covers four Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario and
Manitoba. Participating doctors have only 100 annual passes to hand out for
now, but PaRX hopes that the programme will be expanded.
"Medical research
now clearly shows the positive health benefits of connecting with nature,"
Steven Guilbeault, the environment minister, said. "I am confident this
programme will quickly show its enormous value to the well-being of patients as
il continues to expand throughout the country."
Canada's physicians are
already in the habit of prescribing "nature therapy" as a treatment
for anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, immune function and insomnia (失眠). Previously, though, they would
write more general prescriptions, such as spending time in nature twice a week,
for at least 20 minutes at a time. This is the first time that they have been
able to equip their patients with tickets.
25．Why does the author mention Canada's nature in Paragraph 1
A．To promote doctors' prescriptions.
B．To introduce Canada's natural scenery.
C．To present a health initiative program.
D．To describe a current health condition.
26．Which of the following is the main benefit of the prescriptions
A．A growth in travelling. B．Development in health.
C．Preservation in conservation. D．A boom in the economy.
27．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．"Nature therapy" is no longer just in theory.
B．The previous "nature therapy" is rejected.
C．It is a common practice to offer patients park tickets.
D．Patients doubt the original prescriptions.
28．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Nature Cures Mental Diseases
B．Doctors Order a Walk in The Wilderness
C．Canada Enjoys Admirable Nature
D．Canadian Doctors Obtain Access to Parks
【答案】25．C
26．B
27．A
28．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项健康倡议计划——自然疗法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
25．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Now it might also be just what the doctor ordered. An ambitious new programme allows doctors to write prescriptions(处方)for free annual passes to Canada's national parks， encouraging their patients to improve their health —both mental and physical — by taking a stroll in nature.”现在，这也可能正是医生所要求的。一项雄心勃勃的新计划允许医生开处方免费参观加拿大国家公园，鼓励病人通过在大自然中漫步来改善身心健康。可知，作者在第一段中提到了加拿大的自然风光，目的是介绍一项健康倡议计划。故选C。
26．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"PaRX， a health initiative(倡议)launched in 2019 by the British Columbia Parks Foundation， notes on its website that spending time in nature can lead to longer lives， increased energy， reduced stress and anxiety, improved heart health， less pain and better mood. ”加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省公园基金会（British Columbia Parks Foundation）于2019年发起的一项健康倡议PaRX在其网站上指出，花时间在大自然中可以延长寿命、增加精力、减少压力和焦虑、改善心脏健康、减少疼痛和更好的心情。可知，健康状况的改善使该处方意义重大。故选B。
27．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Canada's physicians are already in the habit of prescribing' nature therapy' as a treatment for anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, immune function and insomnia（失眠). ”加拿大的医生们已经习惯使用自然疗法来治疗焦虑、抑郁、高血压、免疫功能、失眠等疾病。可知，自然疗法已经用于临床当中，不再只是纸上谈兵。故选A。
28．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"An ambitious new programme allows doctors to write prescriptions(处方)for free annual passes to Canada's national parks, encouraging their patients to improve their health — both mental and physical - by taking a stroll in nature.”一项雄心勃勃的新计划允许医生开处方免费参观加拿大国家公园, 鼓励病人通过在大自然中漫步来改善身心健康；以及最后一段中的"Canada's physicians are already in the habit of prescribing' nature therapy' as a treatment for anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, immune function and insomnia(失眠).”加拿大的医生们已经习惯使用自然疗法来治疗焦虑、抑郁、高血压、免疫功能、失眠等疾病。可知，文章主要讲述的是大自然对健康状况的改善有很大的意义。“医生要求去野外散步”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
（2022高三上·重庆月考）阅读理解
Anyone who's tried
different weight-loss diets is probably familiar with their pitfalls.
Low-calorie diets often leave you tired and hungry. Low-fat diets are also
tough to follow and, contrary to popular belief, they do not seem to prevent
heart disease.
Another diet trend, intermittent
fasting, takes a different approach. Rather than limiting what you cat, this
diet limits when you cat. It normally involves eating only during a certain
time window, usually eight hours, over a single day. For example, you would eat
only during the hours of 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. and then fast during the other 16
hours. For some people, that change may be easier to manage, says Dr. Eric Rim,
professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of
Public Health.
Short-termism studies
suggest that people stick to intermittent fasting diets as well as or better than
they do to other diets. And according to a 2019 review article in the journal
Nutrients, intermittent fasting promotes weight loss and may reduce risk
factors linked to heart disease, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and
unhealthy blood lipid levels.
"However, we are
currently unsure about how well this diet works over the long term, "says
Dr. Rim, noting that there are just two long-term studies of intermittent
fasting, each lasting a year. Nor are there large populations of people who've
followed this eating pattern for years. That's in contrast to two other diets
linked to a healthy heart and healthy body size—the Mediterranean diet and a
vegetarian diet.
Some experts add that
intermittent fasting diets typically don't specify what foods you should eat. "As
a nutritional epidemiologist, that makes me a little uncomfortable," Dr.
David Mushen admits. Eating burgers and French fries five days a week and a
single breakfast sandwich on your low-calorie day wouldn't be-healthy, he says.
But with any diet, it's often a good idea to ease into the changes. You could
start by trying a 5:2 diet or time-resisted eating. Once you start losing
weight, you can gradually introduce more healthy foods, he suggests.
29．The underlined word "pitfalls" in the first paragraph means
A．problems B．procedures C．Alternatives D．assumptions
30．Why does Rim mention the Mediterranean diet
A．To demonstrate the appropriate approach to dieting.
B．To show uncertainty about the effect of the new trend.
C．To illustrate the popularity of low-calorie eating patterns.
D．To stress the importance of a healthy heart and body size.
31．What does Dr. David Mushen suggest
A． Giving priority lo nutrition. B．Conducting further research.
C．Losing weight step by step. D．Proceeding with extreme caution.
32．What might be the best title for the text
A．Ready to Restrict Your Dict
B．Time to Try Intermittent Fasting
C．What's Wrong with Intermittent Fasting
D．How Different Weight-loss Methods Work
【答案】29．A
30．B
31．C
32．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，提出减肥节食的问题，并说明新的节食方法一断食疗法(间歇性节食)。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
29．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Low-calorie diets often leave you tired and hungry. Low-fat diets are also tough to follow and， contrary to popular belief， they do not seem to prevent heart disease”低热量饮食通常会让你又累又饿。低脂饮食也很难遵循，而且与普遍的看法相反，它们似乎并不能预防心脏病)"可知其为减肥那些"坑"，故选A。
30．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"That's in contrast to two other diets linked to a healthy heart and healthy body size—the Mediterranean diet and a vegetarian diet.”这与另外两种与健康心脏和健康体型有关的饮食形成了对比——地中海饮食和素食死亡。可知，新的节食风尚缺少长期的可靠实验数据和大量实践人群，与"the Mediterranean diet and a vegetarian diet”地中海饮食和素食，这两种节食法形成对比，因此，提到其它被证实有效的节食法是为了进一步体现新的节食法缺少可靠实验数据支撑其有效性，故选B。
31．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"it's often a good idea to ease into the changes”慢慢地进行改变通常是个好主意；以及"gradually introduce more healthy foods”逐步引入更多的健康食品，故选C。
32．考查主旨大意。根据第一段提出减肥节食的问题，第二段说明新的节食方法一断食疗法(间歇性节食)，第三、四段提供相关研究证据，最后一段专家提出质疑和建议，文章的核心为介绍intermittent fasting“断食疗法"，故选B。
（2022高三上·伊宁月考）阅读理解
Getting less sleep has become
a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed
at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last
year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt
tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends
a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours
a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is
ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10-
to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the
surveyed kids said they do before bedtime Watch TV.
＂More children are going to bed
with TVs on, and there are more opportunities to stay awake, with more homework,
the Internet and the phone,＂ says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a
sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at
bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.
Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals
called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but
also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such an
issue for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes
later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the
start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with
the results.
33．What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on
A．American kids' sleeping habits.
B．Teenagers' sleep-related diseases.
C．Activities to prevent sleeplessness.
D．Learning problems and lack of sleep.
34．How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day
A．7 hours. B．8 hours. C．10 hours. D．18 hours.
35．Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon
A．They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B．They tend to do things that excite them.
C．They follow their parents' examples.
D．They don't need to go to school early.
36．What does the underlined word "issue" in the last paragraph mean
A．An obstacle B．A problem C．A benefit D．An effect
【答案】33．A
34．C
35．B
36．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；议论文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，首先用数据告诉我们美国孩子睡眠状况堪忧，接着告诉我们孩子在不同年龄段需要不同的睡眠时间，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介绍了一些学校为了让孩子们有更多的睡眠时间而推迟了上课的时间。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
33．考查细节理解，根据第一段“According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.”根据国家睡眠基金会的一项最新调查，51%的10岁至18岁的孩子在学校晚上10点或更晚的时候睡觉，尽管他们必须早起。去年，该基金会报告称，近60%的7至12岁儿童表示他们白天感到疲倦，15%的人表示他们在学校睡着了。可知，第一段向我们说明美国有51%的10到18岁的孩子上床睡觉的时间偏晚，也调查了60%的7到12岁的孩子在白天感到疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查都是关于美国孩子的睡眠习惯的。故选A。
34．考查推理判断，根据第二段中的“. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的).”对于大多数学龄儿童来说，十个小时是理想的。可知，11岁的上学小孩子的睡眠时间需要10个小时，故选C。
35．考查细节理解，根据第三段中的“She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep”她说睡前的这些活动会让孩子们兴奋不已，让他们难以平静下来入睡。所以 Carskadon认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动。故选B。
36．考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Because sleepiness is such an issue for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. ”因为嗜睡是青少年的一个问题，一些学区决定比过去晚开始高中课程。可推知issue是“问题”之意，故选B。
（2022高三上·上海开学考）Read the following two
passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage
you have just read.
Life was easier when
it wasn't so long: learn when you're young, work while you're able, then resign
yourself to a slow period repose（休息）— and
decline. But in the past century, scientific advancements have added decades to
the average human life span, leaving a person's timeline with a long, often
aimless tail.
Finding rewarding ways
to fill these extra years - particularly in ways that emphasize social ties —
is the best way to prolong them, research is finding. "The things that we
understand now to be important for healthy longevity" — things like
connecting with others, a positive outlook, making peace with getting older —
"have been trivialized over the years by some scientists. We now know that
shouldn't be the case," says Paul Irving, chairman of the Center for the
Future of Aging at the Milken Institute, a think tank that studies older age.
"One of the great opportunities we all have is to continue that search for
meaning, that aspiration to do our most enjoyable and important work later in
our lives."
Here are other
strategies that may help you make the most of your extra years.
EMBRACE TECHNOLOGY
It's hard to beat face
time, but Face Time (and the like) can also help older adults feel less alone,
research shows. "I think a lot of work can be done to make the existing
social networks more accommodating to older adults," Irving says.
WELCOME AGING
Your feelings about
getting older might determine how well you age and even how well your brain
holds up against Alzheimer's. A team of researchers at Yale University found
that when people who thought negatively about aging were simply primed to view
it in a better light, they said they felt more positively about aging and even
showed improvements in physical strength.
SET GOALS, TAKE RISKS
Plenty of research
links a sense of purpose to longevity. But how do people search for a purpose
if they don't have one Take an online course, volunteer, do anything new that
challenges you. "The assumption that you should only do one thing in your
life, to me, makes no sense," says Irving.
EXPECT THE BEST
People with a positive
outlook recover better after having a heart attack than those who are more
pessimistic, a recent study shows. That's partly because a hopeful attitude is
linked to other healthy behaviors, like quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy
diet. Optimism is also linked to fewer chronic illnesses, less depression and
even a stronger immune response to bugs like the flu.
37．What does Paul Irving mean by saying "that shouldn't be the case" in Paragraph 2
A．Emphasizing social ties should not be dismissed by those scientists.
B．Healthy longevity is not an appropriate case for scientists to focus on.
C．It's improper for scientists to belittle the things that are important for longevity.
D．The things important for healthy long life are not proved scientifically.
38．Which strategy mentioned in the article can help fight against Alzheimer's disease
A．Being open to technology.
B．Becoming an optimist.
C．Having a positive attitude to wards aging.
D．Setting a life purpose.
39．Which of the following statements is true according to the article
A．A positive outlook contributes to quicker recovery and healthy behaviors.
B．Doing one thing well in life makes extra years in life meaningful.
C．Extra years should not be spent committing to enjoyable work.
D．Technology promotes and strengthens old people's social network.
【答案】37．C
38．C
39．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章对如何做到健康长寿提出了建议，与他人联系、积极的态度、从容面对变老等因素对健康长寿很重要。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
37．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The things that we understand now to be important for healthy longevity--things like connecting with others,a positive outlook,making peace with getting older--”have been trivialized over the years by some scientists. ”我们现在理解的对健康长寿很重要的事情”——诸如与他人联系、积极的态度、从容面对变老——“多年来一直被一些科学家忽视。” 可知，Paul Irving说“that shouldn’t be the case”的意思是科学家们忽视这些长寿的重要因素是不恰当的。故选C。
38．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“when people who thought negatively about aging were simply primed to view it in a better light, they said they felt more positively about aging and even showed improvements in physical strength.”当那些对衰老持负面看法的人从更好的角度来看待衰老时，他们说他们对衰老的看法更加积极，甚至在体力方面也有了改善。可知，用积极的态度欢迎衰老可以帮助对抗老年痴呆症。故选C。
39．考查细节理解。根据最后一段的“People with a positive outlook recover better after having a heart attack than those who are morepessimistic, a recent study shows.”最近的一项研究表明，乐观的人在心脏病发作后比悲观的人恢复得更好。可知，积极乐观的态度有助于更快的恢复和健康的行为。故选A。
备考2023年高考英语二轮专题：阅读理解（健康）
一、阅读理解
（2023高三下·定远开学考）阅读理解
Have you ever heard someone say,
"breakfast is the most important meal of the day", or give you advice
about why it's vital to start the day with a healthy breakfast It seems that
this meal, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it
really that important
The word
"breakfast" comes from "breaking the fast"— the idea of
ending the period in which we don't eat during the night. The regeneration
process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food
reserves. Breakfast gives us an opportunity to replenish those reduced
stores of things like protein and calcium. So, in that way, a healthy breakfast
makes sense.
There are also
many often-quoted studies which seem to connect a state of being overweight
with not eating breakfast. In fact, it leads many health experts to advise a
healthy breakfast to not only control but also lose weight. In a US study,
50,000 people were monitored over seven years, and those who ate a healthy
breakfast were found to have a lower BMI (体重指数), which seems to suggest that
breakfast may indeed help people maintain a healthy weight.
But it might not
be as simple as that. Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at
the University of Aberdeen, suggests those who do not have breakfast might be
less aware of healthy diets and nutrition, and people who eat breakfast might
have a healthier lifestyle overall exercising and not smoking, for example. And
he also points out that with the rise in popularity of intermittent (间歇性的) fasting to lose weight, there may also be some benefits to not
eating breakfast, like improving blood sugar control and lowering blood pressure.
So, while
breakfast has its benefits, it might not be the most important meal. It seems
that a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet might be more important for many
of us than just one single meal.
1．Why does the author list the questions in the first paragraph
A．To give a warming. B．To offer some advice.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To prove a certain fact.
2．What does the underlined word "replenish" mean in paragraph 2
A．Set aside. B．Manage without.
C．Make up for. D．Run out of.
3．What conclusion can we draw from Johnstone's research
A．Skipping breakfast may do good to our health.
B．Those who eat breakfast can keep a lower BMI.
C．Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
D．Intermittent fasting contributes greatly to weight loss.
4．What does the author suggest we do at the end of the text
A．Try new lifestyles.
B．Follow a balanced diet.
C．Pay more attention to breakfast.
D．Be aware of the benefits of each meal.
（2023高二下·泸县开学考）阅读理解
Got vegan milk The amount of faux (人造的) dairy products is growing and the choices seem endless. You can buy products made of soy, almond, rice, oats, and coconut, in regular or flavored varieties.
A report shows that sales of plant-based dairy alternatives grew twice as fast in 2020 as real milk. But some people won't make the switch because the alternatives don't taste the same as milk. Now, a milk alternative is being launched that actually tastes like it came from a cow. Danone, which is known for its yogurt, will be launching two new milk alternatives in North America that the company expects to fill this place.
Silk's Next Milk and So Delicious' Wondermilk will both be made of oat milk, coconut milk, coconut oil, and soy. Danone is counting on the new products to reach people who want to switch from dairy for health or ethical reasons but enjoy the taste of milk in their coffee and breakfast cereal.
"There's been a group of consumers who remain skeptical about plant-based offerings, largely because of their taste and texture, "John Starkey said. "From our research, we saw that there were about 53 per cent of people who say that they wouldn't purchase plant-based beverages because of their taste."
While the company has been in the faux dairy business since 2016, the products did not have the real dairy taste. The company used its experience with both real dairy and faux dairy products to refine the new offerings.
There are other milk alternatives available that also aim to be more milk like. Notco, a company, located in Chile, produces a milk alternative called Not Milk that is made of sunflower oil, pea protein, water, and pineapple juice. Another pea-based product called Wunda was launched by Nestle in Europe in 2021. The food giant Impossible Foods is also working on their own version of milk called Impossible Milk. The company is looking to corner the faux dairy market the same way its Impossible Burger did when it was released in 2016.
5．What is special about Danone's new milks
A．The taste is equal to that of a cow.
B．They have won the favor of consumers.
C．They have high nutritional value.
D．Their prices prove a lot lower.
6．What can we infer from what John Starkey said
A．He was optimistic. B．He was a bit concerned.
C．He was in charge of the study. D．He'll improve taste constantly.
7．What does Impossible Milk belong to
A．Danone. B．Notco.
C．Wunda. D．Impossible Foods.
8．Where is the text most taken from
A．A notice board. B．A news report.
C．A health magazine. D．A research paper.
（2023高三上·南阳期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Despite the life-saving
COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗), so many people died in the second year
of the pandemic in the US that the nation's life expectancy dropped for a second
year in a row last year, according to a new analysis.
The analysis of government
statistics found US life expectancy fell by just under half a year in 2021, adding
to a dramatic drop in life expectancy that occurred in 2020. Dr. Steven Woolf, a
professor of population health and health expert at Virginia Commonwealth University,
who helped conduct the analysis, said many of the deaths occurred in people in the prime of their lives. And Woolf added that it drove
the overall US life expectancy to fall to 76.6 years—the lowest in at least 25 years.
"Shame on the
US," said Noreen Goldman, a professor at Princeton University. The 2021 drop
came after US life expectancy fell in 2020, dropping by almost two years. It's unclear
why this happened, but Woolf and others thought it may be due in part to some Americans
more likely to live in states with fewer restrictions, so they let down their guard
more, while often refusing to get vaccinated.
"The deaths that
occurred in 2021 were a product not only of a lack of COVID-19 vaccines, which was
a factor, but also being in places that didn't observe policies like masking and
social distancing that prevented spread of the virus, which was the main reason,"
Woolf said.
The 2021 drop also
widened the gap in life expectancy between the US and other countries, the analysis
found. That was due primarily to lower vaccination rates in the US, researchers
said. The researchers also said a big part of that was fewer restrictions and more
vaccine hesitation in the US, which resulted in lower vaccination rates and a much
higher death number. The other health problems like heart attack and overweight
also played a role, they said.
"We spent a fortune
on medical care and we're a high-income country. Our government should be able to
do far better," Goldman said.
9．What was America's life expectancy before COVID-19
A．About 79.1 years. B．About 78.6 years.
C．About 77.1 years. D．About 76.6 years.
10．What played an important role in leading the high death rate in the US
A．Lack of medicine.
B．Powerful virus.
C．Violation of anti-epidemic policies.
D．The government's negative act.
11．Which column of a magazine can this text come from
A．Politics. B．Science. C．Education. D．Health.
12．What is Goldman's attitude toward the government
A．Unsatisfied. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned.
（2023高三上·成都期末）阅读理解
As the weather gets colder, we start wearing jackets, and most of us stop
thinking about the sun. But the sun's rays can be just as harmful when it's cold
and cloudy outside. "Any exposed area of your body can still get sunburned," Dr. Apple A.
Bodemer, an assistant professor
at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, told Live Science.
Whether you spend a
day on the slopes or clearing snow out of your driveway, your face is still
getting exposed to the sun's radiation in the form of ultraviolet（紫外线）（UV）light, which can go deep into
your skin cells, causing DNA damage, according to Bodemer.
The sun's long ultraviolet
A (UVA)waves can cause earlier
aging and wrinkles, while its shorter ultraviolet
B (UVB) rays are known for
causing skin reddening and bums.
Skin damage caused
by UV exposure increases over time. More exposure to radiation contributes to severer
damage, even skin cancer. In
addition, snow and ice can also
make sun damage worse. They reflect up to 80 percent of UV rays reaching the ground.
That means you get heat from both the sky and the ground. And skiers and snowboarders
increase their risk of getting sunburned even more because UV exposure increases
at higher altitudes.
"Generally, the biggest factor
for sun-sensitivity is how pale your skin is," Bodemer said.
"But the reality is that even the individual with the darkest skin can get
sun damage. "
Luckily, the solution to protecting
your skin is simple: Wear sunscreen every
day. Rigel recommended using sunscreen with a sun protection factor（SPF）of at least 30, and that SPFs go higher
at higher altitudes. As a rule of thumb, SPF 30 will block 97
percent of UVB rays, SPF 50 blocking 98
percent, and SPF 100 blocking
99 percent. Whatever kind of sunscreen you use, it's important to apply
it once about every 2 hours.
Rigel also suggested
sunscreens with "broad spectrum" - to protect against both UVB and UVA
rays - as well as sunscreens that are water-resistant for up to 80 minutes. That
way, you can go about your
day without it wearing off too quickly.
13．Which of the statements best describes UV light
A．UVB rays cause much less damage to skin than UVA rays.
B．Skin damage from UV light can be totally prevented by sunscreen.
C．Snow and ice make people suffer much more UV light damage.
D．People outdoors needn't worry about getting sunburned on a cold day.
14．Which is the most vital factor as for sun damage
A．Your skin color. B．The clothes you wear.
C．The altitude of your place. D．The weather when you are outside.
15．What do we know about sunscreen
A．The lower the sunscreen's SPF is，the better effect it will have.
B．People working on high mountains need sunscreen of SPF 30.
C．Applying sunscreen once a day when you are outside is necessary.
D．Water-resistant sunscreen can be applied once every 80 minutes.
16．What may be the best title for the text
A．Being Exposed to Sun Rays B．Ultraviolet A & Ultraviolet B
C．Preventing Sunburn in Winter D．Different Kinds of Sunscreens
（2022高三上·广东月考）
阅读理解
"You are what you
eat" is one of the most common cliches in dieting and health, entering
wide use with the publication of Victor Lindlahr's book in 1942. The phrase
narrowly assumes that our health is only determined by dieting, something that
advocates of popular diets also want us to believe. The reality, however, is
that our health and longevity are determined by much more than just diet. Exercising,
avoiding risky behaviors, and staying productive can offset a less-than-perfect
diet.
"What it suggests
is that our health is rigidly determined by the specific foods and nutrients we
put in our bodies. It says that if two people put the same foods in their
bodies, they will have the same level of health, "sports nutritionist Matt
Fitzgerald wrote in his 2014 book Diet Cults, in which he criticized many
popular diet trends for being unscientific and ultimately ineffective.
Science has revealed a
more detailed truth, Fitzgerald says. "We are what our bodies do with what
we eat, "he clarified. The two great pillars of a healthy body are diet
and exercise, and both affect physical functioning. "You are what you
eat" ignores the fact that what we do with our bodies may be just as
important as what we put in them. Fitzgerald cautions that one cannot simply
eat whatever one wants. Candy for every meal will not provide the nutrients
that the body needs. But one also doesn't have to eat a perfect diet all the
time to maximize health and longevity.
As the century-long
Longevity Project, a study which followed long-lived individuals, has shown, there
are numerous aspects of a person's life equally or more important than diet
that determine health and lifespan. Simply being ambitious, productive, and
engaged while avoiding destructive behaviors like smoking, drinking to excess, abusing
drugs, or driving too fast prolongs life and keeps us in good shape.
So yes, we are much, much
more than what we eat.
17．What does the phrase "You are what you eat" advocate
A．The nutrition. B．The exercises.
C．The intended diets. D．The risky behaviors.
18．Why did Fitzgerald disagree over the popular diet trends
A．They didn't help us to improve health.
B．They failed to provide enough nutrients.
C．They didn't consider the physical functioning.
D．They failed to include other important factors.
19．What is NOT included in prolonging one's life span
A．Being active. B．Avoiding smoking.
C．Being in good shape. D．Drinking at a certain amount.
20．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．What the cliche tells us
B．You are more than what you eat
C．Health and longevity: hands in hands
D．Ambition and engagement: key to long life
（2022高三上·高县月考）
阅读理解
The federal school
lunch program for 30 million low-income children was created more than half a
century ago to combat malnutrition(营养不良). A
breakfast program was added during the 1960s, and both attempted to improve the
nutritional value of food served at school.
More must be done to
fight the childhood obesity epidemic(流行的),
which has caused a frightening
peak in weight-related disorders like diabetes, high-blood pressure and heart
disease among
young people. The place to start is schools, where junk food sold outside the
federal meals program—through snack bars and vending machines—has pretty much
canceled out the benefits of
all those efforts.
Federal rules that
govern the sales of these harmful foods at school are limited and have not been updated for nearly 40
years. Until new regulations are written, children who are served healthy meals
in the school cafeteria will continue to buy candy drinks and high sodium(钠) snacks elsewhere in school.
Many states' school
districts have taken positive steps, but others are likely to resist,
especially districts that sell junk food to finance athletic program
extracurricular activities, and even copier expenses.
Those districts should
take note of a study released in 2009 in West Virginia showing that the
budgetary costs of switching from sodas to healthy drinks such as fruit juice,
milk, and water were very
little. Even if the switch costs money, so be it. The school should not be
trading their students' health
to buy office supplies.
Over the last 50 years,
the obesity rates for adolescents have tripled. Unless there is decisive
action, weight and inactivity-related disorders will bother a steady larger
proportion of the work force
and replace smoking as the leading cause of premature death.
21．According to this passage, ______ are to blame for the childhood obesity.
A．weight-related disorders B．high calorie snacks
C．parents' bad habits D．unhealthy lunches and breakfast
22．Which is the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．Federal governments deserve high praise for their school lunch program.
B．New regulations are badly in need of updating.
C．Children should be forbidden to buy snacks in school.
D．Federal rules encourage snacks outside the school program
23．The passage is concerned mainly with ______.
A．Malnutrition in low-income children
B．The federal school lunch program
C．obesity at school
D．the nutritional value of food served at schoo
24．The tone of the passage is ______.
A．negative B．indifferent C．ironic D．positive
（2023高三上·沙坪坝月考）阅读理解
From crystal-blue lakes
to snow-capped mountains and thousand-year-old trees, Canada's nature is
admired around the world. Now it might also be just what the doctor ordered. An
ambitious new programme allows doctors to write prescriptions (处方) for free annual passes to Canada's
national parks, encouraging their patients to improve their health -both mental
and physical-by taking a stroll in nature.
The prescriptions are
provided by PaRX, in partnership with Parks Canada. The first passes were
handed out last month, giving holders access to more than 80 national parks, historic
sites and nature reserves. PaRX, a health initiative launched in 2019 by the
British Columbia Parks Foundation, notes on its website that spending lime in
nature can lead to longer lives, increased energy, reduced stress and anxiety,
improved heart health, less pain and better mood. Vitamin D from the sun's rays
has proven health benefits. The organization also hopes that the prescriptions
will boost investment in conservation in Canada.
The initial provision
covers four Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario and
Manitoba. Participating doctors have only 100 annual passes to hand out for
now, but PaRX hopes that the programme will be expanded.
"Medical research
now clearly shows the positive health benefits of connecting with nature,"
Steven Guilbeault, the environment minister, said. "I am confident this
programme will quickly show its enormous value to the well-being of patients as
il continues to expand throughout the country."
Canada's physicians are
already in the habit of prescribing "nature therapy" as a treatment
for anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, immune function and insomnia (失眠). Previously, though, they would
write more general prescriptions, such as spending time in nature twice a week,
for at least 20 minutes at a time. This is the first time that they have been
able to equip their patients with tickets.
25．Why does the author mention Canada's nature in Paragraph 1
A．To promote doctors' prescriptions.
B．To introduce Canada's natural scenery.
C．To present a health initiative program.
D．To describe a current health condition.
26．Which of the following is the main benefit of the prescriptions
A．A growth in travelling. B．Development in health.
C．Preservation in conservation. D．A boom in the economy.
27．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．"Nature therapy" is no longer just in theory.
B．The previous "nature therapy" is rejected.
C．It is a common practice to offer patients park tickets.
D．Patients doubt the original prescriptions.
28．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Nature Cures Mental Diseases
B．Doctors Order a Walk in The Wilderness
C．Canada Enjoys Admirable Nature
D．Canadian Doctors Obtain Access to Parks
（2022高三上·重庆月考）阅读理解
Anyone who's tried
different weight-loss diets is probably familiar with their pitfalls.
Low-calorie diets often leave you tired and hungry. Low-fat diets are also
tough to follow and, contrary to popular belief, they do not seem to prevent
heart disease.
Another diet trend, intermittent
fasting, takes a different approach. Rather than limiting what you cat, this
diet limits when you cat. It normally involves eating only during a certain
time window, usually eight hours, over a single day. For example, you would eat
only during the hours of 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. and then fast during the other 16
hours. For some people, that change may be easier to manage, says Dr. Eric Rim,
professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of
Public Health.
Short-termism studies
suggest that people stick to intermittent fasting diets as well as or better than
they do to other diets. And according to a 2019 review article in the journal
Nutrients, intermittent fasting promotes weight loss and may reduce risk
factors linked to heart disease, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and
unhealthy blood lipid levels.
"However, we are
currently unsure about how well this diet works over the long term, "says
Dr. Rim, noting that there are just two long-term studies of intermittent
fasting, each lasting a year. Nor are there large populations of people who've
followed this eating pattern for years. That's in contrast to two other diets
linked to a healthy heart and healthy body size—the Mediterranean diet and a
vegetarian diet.
Some experts add that
intermittent fasting diets typically don't specify what foods you should eat. "As
a nutritional epidemiologist, that makes me a little uncomfortable," Dr.
David Mushen admits. Eating burgers and French fries five days a week and a
single breakfast sandwich on your low-calorie day wouldn't be-healthy, he says.
But with any diet, it's often a good idea to ease into the changes. You could
start by trying a 5:2 diet or time-resisted eating. Once you start losing
weight, you can gradually introduce more healthy foods, he suggests.
29．The underlined word "pitfalls" in the first paragraph means
A．problems B．procedures C．Alternatives D．assumptions
30．Why does Rim mention the Mediterranean diet
A．To demonstrate the appropriate approach to dieting.
B．To show uncertainty about the effect of the new trend.
C．To illustrate the popularity of low-calorie eating patterns.
D．To stress the importance of a healthy heart and body size.
31．What does Dr. David Mushen suggest
A． Giving priority lo nutrition. B．Conducting further research.
C．Losing weight step by step. D．Proceeding with extreme caution.
32．What might be the best title for the text
A．Ready to Restrict Your Dict
B．Time to Try Intermittent Fasting
C．What's Wrong with Intermittent Fasting
D．How Different Weight-loss Methods Work
（2022高三上·伊宁月考）阅读理解
Getting less sleep has become
a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed
at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last
year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt
tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends
a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours
a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is
ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10-
to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the
surveyed kids said they do before bedtime Watch TV.
＂More children are going to bed
with TVs on, and there are more opportunities to stay awake, with more homework,
the Internet and the phone,＂ says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a
sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at
bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.
Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals
called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but
also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such an
issue for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes
later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the
start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with
the results.
33．What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on
A．American kids' sleeping habits.
B．Teenagers' sleep-related diseases.
C．Activities to prevent sleeplessness.
D．Learning problems and lack of sleep.
34．How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day
A．7 hours. B．8 hours. C．10 hours. D．18 hours.
35．Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon
A．They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B．They tend to do things that excite them.
C．They follow their parents' examples.
D．They don't need to go to school early.
36．What does the underlined word "issue" in the last paragraph mean
A．An obstacle B．A problem C．A benefit D．An effect
（2022高三上·上海开学考）Read the following two
passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage
you have just read.
Life was easier when
it wasn't so long: learn when you're young, work while you're able, then resign
yourself to a slow period repose（休息）— and
decline. But in the past century, scientific advancements have added decades to
the average human life span, leaving a person's timeline with a long, often
aimless tail.
Finding rewarding ways
to fill these extra years - particularly in ways that emphasize social ties —
is the best way to prolong them, research is finding. "The things that we
understand now to be important for healthy longevity" — things like
connecting with others, a positive outlook, making peace with getting older —
"have been trivialized over the years by some scientists. We now know that
shouldn't be the case," says Paul Irving, chairman of the Center for the
Future of Aging at the Milken Institute, a think tank that studies older age.
"One of the great opportunities we all have is to continue that search for
meaning, that aspiration to do our most enjoyable and important work later in
our lives."
Here are other
strategies that may help you make the most of your extra years.
EMBRACE TECHNOLOGY
It's hard to beat face
time, but Face Time (and the like) can also help older adults feel less alone,
research shows. "I think a lot of work can be done to make the existing
social networks more accommodating to older adults," Irving says.
WELCOME AGING
Your feelings about
getting older might determine how well you age and even how well your brain
holds up against Alzheimer's. A team of researchers at Yale University found
that when people who thought negatively about aging were simply primed to view
it in a better light, they said they felt more positively about aging and even
showed improvements in physical strength.
SET GOALS, TAKE RISKS
Plenty of research
links a sense of purpose to longevity. But how do people search for a purpose
if they don't have one Take an online course, volunteer, do anything new that
challenges you. "The assumption that you should only do one thing in your
life, to me, makes no sense," says Irving.
EXPECT THE BEST
People with a positive
outlook recover better after having a heart attack than those who are more
pessimistic, a recent study shows. That's partly because a hopeful attitude is
linked to other healthy behaviors, like quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy
diet. Optimism is also linked to fewer chronic illnesses, less depression and
even a stronger immune response to bugs like the flu.
37．What does Paul Irving mean by saying "that shouldn't be the case" in Paragraph 2
A．Emphasizing social ties should not be dismissed by those scientists.
B．Healthy longevity is not an appropriate case for scientists to focus on.
C．It's improper for scientists to belittle the things that are important for longevity.
D．The things important for healthy long life are not proved scientifically.
38．Which strategy mentioned in the article can help fight against Alzheimer's disease
A．Being open to technology.
B．Becoming an optimist.
C．Having a positive attitude to wards aging.
D．Setting a life purpose.
39．Which of the following statements is true according to the article
A．A positive outlook contributes to quicker recovery and healthy behaviors.
B．Doing one thing well in life makes extra years in life meaningful.
C．Extra years should not be spent committing to enjoyable work.
D．Technology promotes and strengthens old people's social network.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．C
3．A
4．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，研究表明，早餐对于健康有一定的意义，但更重要的是健康的生活方式和均衡的饮食。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段列举的问题；以及“It seems that this meal, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it really that important ”对我们许多人来说，这顿饭似乎是一天良好开始的必要条件，但它真的那么重要吗？可知，作者在第一段列举问题，是为了引出下文的话题。故选C。
2．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves.”在我们睡觉时发生的再生过程消耗了我们的一些自然食物储备；以及“those reduced stores of things like protein and calcium”那些减少的蛋白质和钙等物质的储存，可知，replenish与make up for意思相近，表示“补充、弥补”。即：早餐让我们有机会补充那些减少的蛋白质和钙等物质。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“And he also points out that with the rise in popularity of intermittent (间歇性的) fasting to lose weight, there may also be some benefits to not eating breakfast, like improving blood sugar control and lowering blood pressure. ”他还指出，随着间歇性禁食减肥的流行，不吃早餐也可能有一些好处，比如改善血糖控制和降低血压。可知，从Johnstone的研究中可知，不吃早餐也有一些好处。故选A。
4．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It seems that a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet might be more important for many of us than just one single meal.”对我们许多人来说，健康的生活方式和均衡的饮食似乎比一顿饭更重要。可知，作者建议我们应该均衡饮食。故选B。
【答案】5．A
6．B
7．D
8．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几大公司正在研发口味更接近牛奶的植物性乳制品，以满足素食人群对食品种类和口味的需求。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Danone is counting on the new products to reach people who want to switch from dairy for health or ethical reasons but enjoy the taste of milk in their coffee and breakfast cereal.”Danone指望这些新产品能够吸引那些出于健康或道德原因想要放弃乳制品、但又喜欢咖啡和早餐麦片中牛奶味道的人。可知，Danone的新乳制品的口味和牛奶一样。故选A。
6．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“From our research, we saw that there were about 53 per cent of people who say that they wouldn’t purchase plant-based beverages because of their taste.”从我们的研究中，我们发现大约有53%的人说他们因口味问题，不会选择购买植物性饮料。可推知，John Starkey对植物性乳制品的前景有点担忧，因为研究发现大约一半的人不会购买植物性饮料。故选B。
7．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“The food giant Impossible Foods is also working on their own version of milk called Impossible Milk.”食品巨头Impossible Foods也在研发他们自己的牛奶，名为Impossible milk。可知，Impossible milk是属于Impossible Foods的。故选D。
8．考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文介绍了几大公司正在研发口味更接近牛奶的植物性乳制品，以满足素食人群对食品种类和口味的需求。可推知，文章最有可能出自一份健康杂志。故选C。
【答案】9．A
10．C
11．D
12．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新冠疫情以来，美国人的预期寿命下降了。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The analysis of government statistics found US life expectancy fell by just under half a year in 2021, adding to a dramatic drop in life expectancy that occurred in 2020.”对政府统计数据的分析发现，2021 年美国预期寿命下降了不到半年，加剧了 2020 年预期寿命的急剧下降；“And Woolf added that it drove the overall US life expectancy to fall to 76.6 years—the lowest in at least 25 years.”Woolf补充说，这推动美国整体预期寿命降至76.6岁——这是至少25年来的最低水平。可知，美国的预期寿命在2021年下降了近半年，为76.6岁；以及第三段中的“The 2021 drop came after US life expectancy fell in 2020, dropping by almost two years.”2021 年的下降是在 2020 年美国预期寿命下降近两年之后发生的。可知，美国人的预期寿命在2020年大幅下降，下降了近两年，则疫情前美国的预期寿命约为76.6+0.5+2=79.1。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第四段“‘The deaths that occurred in 2021 were a product not only of a lack of COVID-19 vaccines, which was a factor, but also being in places that didn’t observe policies like masking and social distancing that prevented spread of the virus, which was the main reason,’ Woolf said.” Woolf说：“2021年发生的死亡不仅是缺乏COVID-19疫苗的产物，这是一个因素，而且还是在没有遵守口罩和保持社交距离等防止病毒传播的政策的地方，这是主要原因。”可知，2021年发生的死亡不仅是缺乏疫苗的结果，还是在没有遵守防止病毒传播的政策的地方，即没有戴口罩和保持社交距离的结果，这是主要原因，因此，不遵守防疫措施是导致美国大量死亡病例的主要原因。故选C。
11．考查推理判断。根据第一段“Despite the life-saving COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗), so many people died in the second year of the pandemic in the US that the nation's life expectancy dropped for a second year in a row last year, according to a new analysis.”根据一项新的分析，尽管有挽救生命的 COVID-19 疫苗，但美国在大流行的第二年仍有如此多的人死亡，以至于去年该国的预期寿命连续第二年下降；以及下文讲述的内容可知，本文主要介绍了新冠疫情以来，美国人的预期寿命下降的现象，并对此进行分析，这应属于健康热点话题。故选D。
12．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“‘We spent a fortune on medical care and we’re a high-income country. Our government should be able to do far better,’ Goldman said.” Goldman说“我们在医疗保健上花了一大笔钱，我们是一个高收入国家。我们的政府应该能够做得更好”。可知，Goldman认为我们的政府应该能做得更好，可以推断他对目前政府的所作所为并不满意。故选A。
【答案】13．C
14．A
15．D
16．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，天气变冷，室外的太阳也可能会让我们暴露在外面的身体部位被晒伤。太阳长紫外线会导致早衰、黑斑和皱纹，短红外线则会导致皮肤变红或灼伤。因此冬天也要预防晒伤。文章还就如何防止皮肤晒伤给出一点建议。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
13．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"snow and ice can also make sun damage worse. They reflect up to 80 percent of UV rays reaching the ground. That means you get hit from both the sky and the ground. And skiers and snowboarders increase their risk of getting sunburned even more because UV exposure increases at higher altitudes.” 雪和冰也会使人受到太阳的损伤更严重。雪和冰能反射高达80%到达地面的紫外线。…滑冰和滑雪的人更容易被晒伤，因为在高海拔地区紫外线照射会增加"，可推断，雪和冰使人们遭受更多的紫外线伤害。故选C。
14．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Generally，the biggest factor for sun-sensitivity is how pale your skin is. ”对阳光敏感的最大因素是皮肤的苍白程度。可知太阳伤害最重要的因素是你的肤色。故选A。
15．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Rigel also suggested sunscreens with‘broad spectrum （光谱）'-to protect against both UVB and UVA rays-as well as sunscreens that are water resistant for up to 80 minutes. That way，you can go about your day without it wearing off too quickly.” 每80分钟可涂抹一次防水防晒霜以此防紫外线B和紫外线A射线以及防水，这样不会因为防晒霜消失地太快而被晒伤，有利于防晒。故选D。
16．考查主旨大意。本文一开头叙述天气变冷，室外的太阳也可能会让我们暴露在外面的身体部位被晒伤。太阳长紫外线会导致早衰、黑斑和皱纹，短红外线则会导致皮肤变红或灼伤。因此冬天也要减少晒伤。“防止冬季晒伤”适合做文章的标题，故选C。
【答案】17．C
18．D
19．C
20．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过例证说明了“You are what you eat(你吃的食物决定你的健康)”该句流行话语的片面性。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
17．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The phrase narrowly assumes that our health is only determined by dieting, something that advocates of popular diets also want us to believe.”这句话狭隘地假设我们的健康只由饮食决定，这也是流行饮食的倡导者想让我们相信的。可推断，该句流行话宣传某种饮食，倡导预期的饮食。故选C。
18．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“‘You are what you eat’ ignores the fact that what we do with our bodies may be just as important as what we put in them.”“你吃的食物决定你的健康”忽略了一个事实，那就是我们对身体做什么可能和我们吃了什么一样重要。可推断，菲茨杰拉德不同意流行的饮食趋势，是因为它们没有包括其他重要因素。故选D。
19．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Simply being ambitious, productive, and engaged while avoiding destructive behaviors like smoking, drinking to excess, abusing drugs, or driving too fast prolongs life and keeps us in good shape.”只要保持雄心勃勃、富有成效、积极投入，同时避免吸烟、酗酒、滥用药物或超速驾驶等破坏性行为，就能延长寿命，保持良好的身材。可知，延长一个人的寿命保持活跃、忌烟限酒，而“保持良好的身材”为结果。故选C。
20．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“‘You are what you eat’ is one of the most common cliches in dieting and health, entering wide use with the publication of Victor Lindlahr's book in 1942. The phrase narrowly assumes that our health is only determined by dieting, something that advocates of popular diets also want us to believe.”“你吃的食物决定你的健康”是节食和健康方面最常见的陈词滥调之一，随着维克多·林德拉尔1942年的书的出版而广泛使用。这句话狭隘地假设我们的健康只由饮食决定，这也是流行饮食的倡导者想让我们相信的；结合全文可知，文章主要说明“You are what you eat”该句流行话语的片面性，该句话没有包涵其他因素。“你的健康不仅仅是由饮食决定的”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
【答案】21．B
22．B
23．C
24．A
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；段落大意题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了开始于学校的儿童肥胖疫情，已在体重相关的疾病如糖尿病等疾病中引起可怕的高峰，虽然许多政府学校已采取积极措施，但可能受到阻碍，改善儿童肥胖疫情的前景并不乐观。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
21．考查推理判断。根据第二段“More must be done to fight the childhood obesity epidemic, which has caused a frightening peak in weight-related disorders like diabetes, high-blood pressure and heart disease among young people. The place to start is schools, where junk food sold outside the federal meals program — through snack bars and vending machines — has pretty much canceled out the benefits of all those efforts.” 必须做更多的工作来对抗儿童肥胖的流行，这已经导致年轻人中与体重相关的疾病，如糖尿病、高血压和心脏病，达到了一个可怕的峰值。从学校开始，在联邦膳食计划之外出售的垃圾食品——通过小吃店和自动售货机——几乎抵消了所有这些努力的好处。可知高卡路里零食造成儿童肥胖。故选B。
22．考查段落大意。根据第三段“Federal rules that govern the sales of these harmful foods at school are limited and have not been updated for nearly 40 years. Until new regulations are written, children who are served healthy meals in the school cafeteria will continue to buy candy drinks and high sodium snacks elsewhere in school.”联邦规则里关于这些有害食品在学校的销售是有限的，但是已近40年没有更新。在新的规定出台之前，在学校食堂吃健康食品的孩子将继续在学校其他地方购买糖果饮料和高钠零食。可推测，本段讲述新的规章制度急需更新。故选B。
23．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“Over the last 50 years, the obesity rates for adolescents have tripled. Unless there is decisive action, weight and inactivity-related disorders will bother a steady larger proportion of the work force and replace smoking as the leading cause of premature death.”在过去的50年里，青少年肥胖率翻了三倍。除非有决定性的行动，体重和不活动引起的疾病将困扰一个稳定的更大比例的劳动力，并取代吸烟作为过早死亡的主要原因。可知本文主要在描述开始于学校的儿童肥胖，讲述了引起病症的原因和改善的方法以及并不乐观的未来前景。可知本文主要讲述学校肥胖问题。故选C。
24．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Unless there is decisive action, weight and inactivity-related disorders will bother a steady larger proportion of the work force and replace smoking as the leading cause of premature death.”除非有决定性的行动，体重和不活动引起的疾病将困扰一个稳定的更大比例的劳动力，并取代吸烟作为过早死亡的主要原因。可推测文章的语调是消极的。故选A。
【答案】25．C
26．B
27．A
28．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项健康倡议计划——自然疗法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
25．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Now it might also be just what the doctor ordered. An ambitious new programme allows doctors to write prescriptions(处方)for free annual passes to Canada's national parks， encouraging their patients to improve their health —both mental and physical — by taking a stroll in nature.”现在，这也可能正是医生所要求的。一项雄心勃勃的新计划允许医生开处方免费参观加拿大国家公园，鼓励病人通过在大自然中漫步来改善身心健康。可知，作者在第一段中提到了加拿大的自然风光，目的是介绍一项健康倡议计划。故选C。
26．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"PaRX， a health initiative(倡议)launched in 2019 by the British Columbia Parks Foundation， notes on its website that spending time in nature can lead to longer lives， increased energy， reduced stress and anxiety, improved heart health， less pain and better mood. ”加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省公园基金会（British Columbia Parks Foundation）于2019年发起的一项健康倡议PaRX在其网站上指出，花时间在大自然中可以延长寿命、增加精力、减少压力和焦虑、改善心脏健康、减少疼痛和更好的心情。可知，健康状况的改善使该处方意义重大。故选B。
27．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Canada's physicians are already in the habit of prescribing' nature therapy' as a treatment for anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, immune function and insomnia（失眠). ”加拿大的医生们已经习惯使用自然疗法来治疗焦虑、抑郁、高血压、免疫功能、失眠等疾病。可知，自然疗法已经用于临床当中，不再只是纸上谈兵。故选A。
28．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"An ambitious new programme allows doctors to write prescriptions(处方)for free annual passes to Canada's national parks, encouraging their patients to improve their health — both mental and physical - by taking a stroll in nature.”一项雄心勃勃的新计划允许医生开处方免费参观加拿大国家公园, 鼓励病人通过在大自然中漫步来改善身心健康；以及最后一段中的"Canada's physicians are already in the habit of prescribing' nature therapy' as a treatment for anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, immune function and insomnia(失眠).”加拿大的医生们已经习惯使用自然疗法来治疗焦虑、抑郁、高血压、免疫功能、失眠等疾病。可知，文章主要讲述的是大自然对健康状况的改善有很大的意义。“医生要求去野外散步”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
【答案】29．A
30．B
31．C
32．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，提出减肥节食的问题，并说明新的节食方法一断食疗法(间歇性节食)。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
29．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Low-calorie diets often leave you tired and hungry. Low-fat diets are also tough to follow and， contrary to popular belief， they do not seem to prevent heart disease”低热量饮食通常会让你又累又饿。低脂饮食也很难遵循，而且与普遍的看法相反，它们似乎并不能预防心脏病)"可知其为减肥那些"坑"，故选A。
30．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"That's in contrast to two other diets linked to a healthy heart and healthy body size—the Mediterranean diet and a vegetarian diet.”这与另外两种与健康心脏和健康体型有关的饮食形成了对比——地中海饮食和素食死亡。可知，新的节食风尚缺少长期的可靠实验数据和大量实践人群，与"the Mediterranean diet and a vegetarian diet”地中海饮食和素食，这两种节食法形成对比，因此，提到其它被证实有效的节食法是为了进一步体现新的节食法缺少可靠实验数据支撑其有效性，故选B。
31．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"it's often a good idea to ease into the changes”慢慢地进行改变通常是个好主意；以及"gradually introduce more healthy foods”逐步引入更多的健康食品，故选C。
32．考查主旨大意。根据第一段提出减肥节食的问题，第二段说明新的节食方法一断食疗法(间歇性节食)，第三、四段提供相关研究证据，最后一段专家提出质疑和建议，文章的核心为介绍intermittent fasting“断食疗法"，故选B。
【答案】33．A
34．C
35．B
36．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；议论文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，首先用数据告诉我们美国孩子睡眠状况堪忧，接着告诉我们孩子在不同年龄段需要不同的睡眠时间，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介绍了一些学校为了让孩子们有更多的睡眠时间而推迟了上课的时间。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
33．考查细节理解，根据第一段“According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.”根据国家睡眠基金会的一项最新调查，51%的10岁至18岁的孩子在学校晚上10点或更晚的时候睡觉，尽管他们必须早起。去年，该基金会报告称，近60%的7至12岁儿童表示他们白天感到疲倦，15%的人表示他们在学校睡着了。可知，第一段向我们说明美国有51%的10到18岁的孩子上床睡觉的时间偏晚，也调查了60%的7到12岁的孩子在白天感到疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查都是关于美国孩子的睡眠习惯的。故选A。
34．考查推理判断，根据第二段中的“. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的).”对于大多数学龄儿童来说，十个小时是理想的。可知，11岁的上学小孩子的睡眠时间需要10个小时，故选C。
35．考查细节理解，根据第三段中的“She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep”她说睡前的这些活动会让孩子们兴奋不已，让他们难以平静下来入睡。所以 Carskadon认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动。故选B。
36．考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Because sleepiness is such an issue for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. ”因为嗜睡是青少年的一个问题，一些学区决定比过去晚开始高中课程。可推知issue是“问题”之意，故选B。
【答案】37．C
38．C
39．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章对如何做到健康长寿提出了建议，与他人联系、积极的态度、从容面对变老等因素对健康长寿很重要。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
37．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The things that we understand now to be important for healthy longevity--things like connecting with others,a positive outlook,making peace with getting older--”have been trivialized over the years by some scientists. ”我们现在理解的对健康长寿很重要的事情”——诸如与他人联系、积极的态度、从容面对变老——“多年来一直被一些科学家忽视。” 可知，Paul Irving说“that shouldn’t be the case”的意思是科学家们忽视这些长寿的重要因素是不恰当的。故选C。
38．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“when people who thought negatively about aging were simply primed to view it in a better light, they said they felt more positively about aging and even showed improvements in physical strength.”当那些对衰老持负面看法的人从更好的角度来看待衰老时，他们说他们对衰老的看法更加积极，甚至在体力方面也有了改善。可知，用积极的态度欢迎衰老可以帮助对抗老年痴呆症。故选C。
39．考查细节理解。根据最后一段的“People with a positive outlook recover better after having a heart attack than those who are morepessimistic, a recent study shows.”最近的一项研究表明，乐观的人在心脏病发作后比悲观的人恢复得更好。可知，积极乐观的态度有助于更快的恢复和健康的行为。故选A。

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