浙江省嘉兴市2024年中考二模英语试题
一、第一部分阅读理解，第一节阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
（2024·嘉兴模拟） 阅读理解
At the National Music Hall in Madrid, Wednesday's performance of Handel's Messiah was cut in by a mobile phone ringing in a row close to the stage. Conductor (乐队指挥)William Christie stopped the performance, turned, pointed at the man, and shouted, "Out!You have just broken one of the most beautiful works ever written. "The phone owner got up and quickly left the hall.
Comments
Danny 23 December 14:50
Good for him. It's time to say no to this kind of behavior. If people can't live without their phones for two hours, they shouldn't go to concerts. We need a new rule for concert halls and theatres:you have to leave your phone in a certain place outside the hall. And the same for the cinema!
REPLY Cassie 23 December 17:30
Great idea. I would also add another rule:if you are caught with a mobile phone in the concert hall, you might pay a fine!
REPLYAnton 23 December 19:43
If people aren't allowed to use phones at concerts, the theatre will lose a lot of audience(观众) . There are people who have work phones, and their companies tell them they mustn't give their phones to anyone.
REPLY Kasia 24 December 01:16
I think all concert halls should block mobile phone reception (信号) .
REPLY Marcel 24 December 07:08
Blocking reception wouldn't solve the problem. Sometimes it's an alarm that makes the phone ring. What really matters is to raise the awareness of rules.
1．Why did the conductor ask the man to gct out of thc music hall
A．Because the man fell aslecp.
B．Bccausc the man shouted loudly.
C．Because the man's phone rang.
D．Because the man fook a photo of him.
2．Who holds a different opinion from Danny's
A．Cassie. B．Anton. C．Kasia. D．Marcel.
3．Where can you most probably read thc 1cxi
A．In a diary B．ln a magazine
C．In a guidcbook. D．On the Internet.
【答案】1．C
2．B
3．D
【知识点】其他题材；细节理解；新媒体语篇；文章出处
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要讲述了在国家音乐厅，一场音乐会被观众的手机铃声打断，乐队指挥要求观众出去，由此引发了网友们的讨论。
【点评】考查阅读理解题。通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1．细节理解题。根据文中语句"At the National Music Hall in Madrid,Wednesday's performance of Handel's Messiah A was cut in on by a mobile phone ringing in a row close to the stage. (在马德里的国家音乐厅，周三哈德尔弥赛亚A的演出被舞台附近一排的手机铃声打断了。)"可知，乐队指挥让这个男人从音乐厅出去是因为这个人的手机响了。故答案为C。
2．细节理解题。根据文中"Comments (评论) "中丹尼的观点"Good for him.It's time to say no to this kind of behavior. (对他有好处。是时候对这种行为说不了。) "和倒数第三段"If people aren't allowed to use phones at concerts,the theatre will lose a large
audience. (如果人们不允许在音乐会上使用手机，剧院将失去大量观众。)"可知，丹尼认为剧院应该禁止使用手机，而安东认为剧院不应该禁止使用手机，所以安东的观点与丹尼不同。故答案为B。
3．出处推测题。根据文中"Comments (评论) "中"Danny 23 December 14:50 (丹尼12月23日14:50) "、 "Cassie 23 December 17:30 (凯西12月23日17:30) "、 "Anton 23 December 19:43 (安东12月23日19:43) "和"Kasia 24 December Ol:16 (卡西娅12月24日01:16) "可知，这篇文章是网友们的评论，最有可能在互联网上读到。故答案为D。
（2024·嘉兴模拟） 阅读理解
Born and grown up in Aftica. 1 first lonrnednbout China through famous Kungfu movies. And when I was in college, 1 was lucky to got a chance to visit the famous Shaolin Temple in Henan Province.
At the time, 1 didn't realizc that besides the long-expected Kungfu, thousands of surprises were waiting for me in China. To bogin with. I was nol prepared for the weather. It was a dificult change from hot summer in Afica to cold winter in China. The language was a huge problem for me as well. Getting used to Chinese food also seemed impossible then, but now I'm a great fan of the food here.
The Kungfu training was far from easy and the first week was the hardest. We got up at 5 am and practiced throughout the day. The rest of the time was used for having meals and studying Chinese language and culture. Although it was very tiring, the repeated and long-time exercises built up both my body and mind. The life in Shaolin Temple made me realize how important politeness, respect and perseverance (毅力)are to the basic spirit of Chinese Kungfu and that they should be practiced throughout our daily lives.
Day by day, I came to notice that China is a place full of wonders, a place where hard work pays off. And I finally fell in love with its culture and people. That's why I've decided to stay and continue my studies in China.
The world is becoming better united, and all our cultures are amazing. I will happily be a bridge of China to the world, sharing my stories in this open and people-centered country.
4．How did the writer first get to know China
A．By watching Kungfu movies. B．By tasting Chinese food.
C．By reading Kungfu stories. D．By taking a Chinese class.
5．What did the writer learn about the spirit of Chinese Kungfu according to Paragraph 3
A．The value of friendship and trust.
B．The quality of kindness and honesty.
C．The balance of training and studying.
D．The importance of patience and respect.
6．Why did the writer decide to continue his studies in China
A．He wanted to visit more of China's wonders.
B．He found a well-paid job and began a new life.
C．He got a chance to play a role in a Kungfu movie.
D．He developed a love for Chinese culture and people.
7．What is the writer's purpose of writing this passage
A．To express thanks to his home country.
B．To share his wonderful experience in China.
C．To invite more people to learn Chinese Kungfu.
D．To show the friendship between China and Africa.
【答案】4．A
5．D
6．D
7．B
【知识点】记叙文；自我认识；细节理解；文章大意
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要讲述了作者在中国的经历和感受，他逐渐爱上了中国文化。
【点评】考查阅读理解题。做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
4．理解归纳题。根据第一段第一句"Born and grown up in Africa, I first learned about China through famous Kungfu movies. (我在非洲出生和长大，我最初通过著名的功夫电影了解中国。)"可知，作者最初是通过观看功夫电影了解中国的。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"The life in Shaolin Temple made me realize how important politeness, respect and perseverance are to the basic spirit of Chinese Kungfu. (在少林寺的生活使我意识到礼貌、尊重和毅力对中国功夫的基本精神有多么重要。）"可知，根据第三段，作者认为礼貌，尊重及毅力对中国功夫精神很重要，故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句"And I finally fell in love with its culture and people. That's why I've decided to stay and continue my studies in China. (我最终爱上了它的文化和人民。这就是为什么我决定留下来，继续在中国学习。) "可知，作者决定在中国继续他的学业的原因是他喜欢这里的文化与人民，故选D。
7． 主旨归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者在中国的经历和感受，故选B。
（2024·嘉兴模拟） 阅读理解
Humans enjoy talking to their dogs. If you have a four-legged friend of your own, you might have taught them to respond to commands(命令)like "sit"and "stay". While it's true that they may not be able to take in much of what you're saying, a new study has suggested that dogs can understand more than you might think.
Scientists carried out an experiment that focused on nouns (words for things). Eighteen dogs were taken to the lab, and their owners brought five objects their pets knew well, including shoes, toys and balls. For the experiment, the owners said the name of an object. Then they showed their dog either the object that matched the word or a different one. The dogs wore special devices (仪器)on their heads that were used to record their brain activity.
For 14 of the 18 degs, brain activity wae different whrem the ohijcct matched the word, compared to the activiy if the wend nnd ohjcet didn't match. This brsin activity was similar to the brain acivity humans show in the snme kind of situnticn.
"The dog was thihking. "1 hesrd the word. mow the ohijcee meede to come. ""says Lilla Magyari, a scientist at the Universily of Stnvanger inNerway.
Why. then. do some dogs relise to get a ball or a toy back at their owners'
command "t might be thht the dnge den'ttchlly cate emonglh abonr the game. "saya
Holly Root-Gutterldge. n drg hchhvior tesemrcher at the University of Lineoln in
England. "Your dog may understnndwhht yor te saying bnt chooxe mor to acr. "
Moving forward. resenrrhers are evrionus to know whether other animals can
match words with ohjcets, or whether this ability is special to dogs.
8．What does the experiment about dogs focus on
A．Teaching them to do things for thcit owncrs.
B．Studying their understanding of nou. . .
C．Reconding their brain activity during playtime.
D．Training them fo wear devices on their heads.
9．How did scientists carry out the experimcnt
A．Making comparisons. B．Setting models.
C．Doing surveys D．Listing ideas
10．According to Holly, why do some dogs refuse to get things at their owners'command
A．They are too tired to play.
B．They are afraid of the object.
C．They are not interested in the game.
D．They don't understand the command.
11．What's the best title of the passage
A．Dog Training:Brain Activities
B．Pet Raising:Choices Making
C．Dog Understanding;Object Names
D．Pet Communication:Words Matching
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．C
11．C
【知识点】其他题材；其他语篇类型；细节理解；标题选择
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要讲述科学家通过在狗的脑袋上戴着特殊的仪器来记录它们的大脑活动，以探究狗是否能理解名词。
【点评】考查阅读理解题。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Scientists carried out an experiment that focused on nouns (words for things)."可知，科学家们进行了一项以名词为中心的实验。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"For 14 of the 18 dogs, brain activity was different when the object matched the word, compared to the activity if the word and object didn't match."可知，对于18只狗中的14只来说，当物体与单词匹配时，与单词与物体不匹配时相比，大脑活动是不同的，所以科学家通过比较来进行实验。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的""It might be that the dogs don't really care enough about the game,' says Holly Root-
Gutteridge"可知，有些狗拒绝接受主人的命令的原因是因为它们对游戏不感兴趣。故选C。
11．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述科学家通过在狗的脑袋上戴着特殊的仪器来记录它们的大脑活动，以探究狗是否能理解名词。故选C。
（2024·嘉兴模拟）阅读理解
Emojis are widely used on the Internet. The word "emoji"comes from Japanese, meaning "picture character". Emojis are small images(图像)that can be sent within text messages. They make it easier to express an idea or feeling without the need to type a lot of words.
The first set of emojis was created in 1997 by a Japanese company for their new telephones. This set included 90 black and white emoji characters, but they were not widely used because of low sales. It wasn't until two years later when Shigetaka Kurita created 176 emojis for another Japanese phone company that emojis started to become popular worldwide.
Now, there are more than 3, 000 emojis to choose from on nearly every texting platform(平台) . The images may look a little different on different platforms, but they share the same meaning. New emojis are added every year to show things in the real world. The Unicode Consortium (统一码联盟)decides which emojis are accepted.
Emojis have changed the way people express ideas in text messages. They were once seen as inappropriate at serious working places, but that is changing. It is now common for people to include a lively emoji in their work emails. Some offices even communicate with emojis that only people in the company will understand.
However, the meaning of an emoji can be different from person to person. For example, some might think the emoji" "means"prayer". Others might see it as "high five". Still others might think it means"please"or "thankyou"
People love emojis so much that there is a World Emoji Day on July 17, chosen because that is the day shown on the calendar emoji. Some celebrate by texting only with emojis. It is clear that emojis have become a new form of communication that continues to develop.
12．Why are emojis widely used
A．They make communication easier.
B．They can be sent as text messages.
C．They are from the Japanese characters.
D．There are many people on the Internet.
13．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The advantages of emojis. B．The meanings of emojis.
C．The development of emojis. D．The popularity of cmojis.
14．What does the underlined word "inappropriate"mean in Paragraph 4
A．Not funny. B．Not proper
C．Not creative. D．Not special.
15．Why is the emoji 'mentioned in Paragraph 5
A．To show some emojis are hard to understand.
B．To cxplain the cmoji""is used most widely.
C．To show a samc cmoji can be used differently by different peoplc.
D．To explain the emoji""looks different on different platforns.
【答案】12．A
13．C
14．B
15．C
【知识点】其他题材；说明文；细节理解；词义猜测；文章大意
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要讲述了表情符号的发展及使用状况。
【点评】考查阅读理解题。首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案。最后再通读全文，核对答案。
12．细节理解题。根据"They make it easier to express an idea or feeling without the need to type a lot of words."可知，因为它们使得沟通更容易。故选A
13．主旨大意题。根据"The first set of emojis was created in 1997 by a Japanese company for their new telephones."以及"It wasn't until two years later when Shigetaka Kurita created 176 emojis for another Japanese phone company that emojis started to become popular worldwide."可知，这一段讲述了表情符号的发展历史。故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据"They were once seen as inappropriate at serious working places, but that is changing. It is now common for people to include a lively emoji in their work emails."可知，后文提到了现在人们在工作邮件中使用活泼的表情符号是很常见的，划线句提的是以前的情况，因此划线词的意思是"不合适的"。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据"However, the meaning of an emoji can be different from person to person."以及后文举例的这个表情符号可知，是为了告诉人们同样的表情符号，不同的人可以有不同的用法。故选C。
二、第一部分阅读理解，第二节任务型阅读与表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)
（2024·嘉兴模拟）阅读下而短文，然后从文后所给的A—E 五个选项中选择正确的选项填入31—34题(有一项为多余 选项), 并结合文本内容回答第35题。
ATEAM FOR LIFE
Asuccessfulteamproject Sarah successfully completed a science project with her tcam, and we asked her to sharc something about it * 16． Our class had to do a group project on renewable energy. My team studied different types like solar and wind power:Then we built a small model to show them. *Whatwasthebestpartofworkingintheteam It was dividing up the work. We each sttdied a different energy type. Then we came together to decide what to focus on for the model *Werethereanychallenges At first it was hard to agree on which to choose. We all had different ideas. So we had to make a plan to work on the project together * 17． We communicated a lot and listened to each other. When we couldn't agree, we voted. We've also taken lots of photos to record the process (过程), and when we look back at them, they do bring back all those happy moments. Goodtoknow 18． Thelistener quietly keeps an eye on you and is willing to listen whenever you want to talk. The fixer shows an amazing ability tc solve problems. They can suggest creative solutions to problems with your studies, and cven rclationships Theorganizer knows you well and is always good at making plans. This helpful person enjoys planning trips, buying tickets and much more. The reporter takes photos of cverything your team does and posts them on the Internet 19． They're always sharing whatever you do together.
A. How did you manage to solve the problem
B. Diferent people play different roles in a team.
C. Why did you choose them as your teammates
D. This person helps build a good relationship in the team.
E. Tell us about the science project you worked on with your team.
Which job would you like to take in a team Why (约20词) 20．
【答案】16．E；17．A；18．B；19．D；20．I'd like to be the organiser because I enjoy keeping everyone focused and happy when goals are met.
【知识点】其他题材；其他语篇类型；细节理解；推理判断
【解析】【分析】文章大意：分享了Sarah和她的团队成功地完成的一个科学项目。
A. How did you manage to solve the problem 你是如何解决这个问题的？
B. Different people play different roles in a team.团队中不同的人扮演不同的角色。
C. Why did you choose them as your teammates 你为什么选择他们作为你的队友？
D. This person helps build a good relationship in the team.这个人有助于在团队中建立良好的关系。
E. Tell us about the science project you worked on with your team.请告诉我们你和你的团队一起做的科学项目。
【点评】考查任务型阅读。做题时结合题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理地分析才能得出正确的答案。
16．根据"Our class had to do a group project on renewable energy."可知，此处是介绍做的项目是什么。选项E"你和你的团队做过什么科学项目 "符合语境。故选E。
17．根据"We communicated a lot and listened to each other. When we couldn't agree, we voted."可知，设空处应该问如何解决问题。选项A"你是怎样设法解决这个问题的 "符合语境。故选A。
18．根据"The listener quietly keeps an eye on you and is willing to listen whenever you want to talk.", "The fixer shows an
amazing ability to solve problems."以及"The organizer knows you well and is always good at making plans."可知，后文分别介绍了不同的人扮演的不同的角色。选项B"不同的人在团队中扮演不同的角色。"符合语境。故选B。
19．根据"The reporter takes photos of everything your team does and posts them on the Internet."以及"They're always
sharing whatever you do together."可知，设空处应该说这个人的职责与团队关系相关联，选项D"这个人有助于在团队中建立良好的关系。"符合语境。故选D。
20．句意：在团队中你想承担哪项工作？为什么？开放性问题，言之有理即可，参考答案为： I'd like to be the organiser because I enjoy keeping everyone focused and happy when goals are met.
三、第三部分语言知识运用，第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
（2024·嘉兴模拟）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When Ricky was in school, he was shy and did not have fiends. His classmates hardly spoke to him, nor helped him with anything. He thought, "It's OK. I don't 21． a thing like that anyway. "
Leaving school, Ricky worked. 22． a deliveryman(送货员) . The job suited him because he was often alone on the road and did not have to. 23． with others. One day, he met Vijay, another deliveryman. Vijay was not feeling well. He asked whether Ricky could do some deliveries for him, . 24． he could go to the doctor. Without thinking much, Ricky took the job. Vijay was very. 25． . "You're a kind-hearted person!"he said.
Ricky was glad to. 26． and even better, he made a new friend. Vijay was a volunteer at the charity of looking after the elderly people. Ricky soon joined the- 27． . He visited the old people regularly(定期地), helping with the housework and taking part in activities with them. 28． he found it not so hard to talk to people and he became more confident.
As there were more elderly people to . 29． , Ricky was asked to present information about the charity to invite 30． volunteers. He agreed but soon regretted it. He had a. 31． of speaking in front of a crowd. "I'm so nervous. I can't do it, "he said to Vijay.
Vijay gave him a 32． . "You'll be fine. Don't worry about yourself but think of the elderly people who need help. We are doing this to serve. 33． _better. "
The fog in Ricky's mind lifted. He stopped worrying about. 34． others would look at him. Instead, he tried to make his presentation clear and 35． . The hard task turned out to be a pleasure. And the presentation
went well, just as Vijay promised.
21．A． own B． need C． hear D． know
22．A． on B． for C． as D． with
23．A． fight B． study C． perform D． communicate
24．A． so B． but C． until D． before
25．A． relaxed B． excited C． touched D． interested
26．A． help B． guess C． decide D． protect
27．A． class B． team C． survey D． company
28．A． Slowly B． Quietly C． Naturally D． Generally
29．A． look up B． wake up C． care for D． search for
30．A． young B． creative C． new D． important
31．A． dream B． fear C． chance D． courage
32．A． gif B． smile C． lesson D． surprise
33．A． us B． you C． him D． them
34．A． how B． why C． when D． where
35．A． famous B． similar C． peaceful D． meaningful
【答案】21．B；22．C；23．D；24．A；25．C；26．A；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．C；31．B；32．B；33．D；34．A；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：讲述了Ricky由于内向，做了送货员，在工作期间认识了志愿者Vijay，在他的影响下Ricky开始了志愿者工作。
【点评】考查完形填。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
21．句意：反正我也不需要那样的东西。own拥有； need需要； hear听见； know知道。根据"His classmates hardly spoke to him, nor helped him with anything" (他的同学几乎不和他说话，也没有帮过他什么)以及"It's OK.I don't" (没事。我不)可知，是说自己不需要那样的东西。故选B。
22．句意：离开学校后， Ricky做了一名送货员。on在……上； for为了； as作为； with和。根据"a deliveryman (送货员) " (一名送货员)可知，是作为送货员工作。故选C。
23．句意：这份工作很适合他，因为他经常一个人在路上，不需要和别人交流。fight打架； study学习； perform表演； communicate交流。根据前文"he was shy and did not have fiends." (他很害羞，没有朋友。)可知，工作很适合他，因为不需要和别人交流。故选D。
24．句意：他问Ricky能不能帮他送货，因此他就能去看医生了。so因此，然后； but但是； until直到； before在……之前。根据"Vijay was not feeling well." (Vijay感觉不舒服。)和"he could go to thedoctor." (他就能去看医生了。)可知，这里应说"因此"他就能去看医生了。故选A。
25．句意： Vijay非常感动。 relaxed放松的； excited兴奋的； touched感动的； interested感兴趣的。根据"Without thinking much, Ricky took the job." (没有多想， Ricky接受了这份工作。)可知， Vijay非常感动。故选C。
26．句意： Ricky很乐意帮忙，更棒的是，他交了一个新朋友。help帮助； guess猜测； decide决定； protect保护。根据"Without thinking much, Ricky took the job." (没有多想， Ricky接受了这份工作。)以及"and even better, he made a new
friend." (更棒的是，他交了一个新朋友。)可知， Ricky很乐意帮忙。故选A。
27．句意： Ricky很快就加入了队伍。class班级； team队伍； survey调查； company公司。根据"Vijay was a volunteer at the charity of looking after the elderly people" (Vijay是照顾老人慈善机构的志愿者)可知，这里指的Ricky很快就加入了志愿者的队伍。故选B。
28．句意：慢慢地，他发现与人交谈并不是那么困难，他变得更加自信了。 Slowly慢慢地； Quietly安静地； Naturally自然地； Generally通常。根据"he found it not so hard to talk to people and he became more confident." (他发现与人交谈并不是那么困难，他变得更加自信了。)并结合语境，指的是"慢慢地",他发现与人交谈并不是那么困难。故选A。
29．句意：由于有更多的老人需要照顾， Ricky被要求介绍有关慈善机构的信息，以邀请新的志愿者。look up查阅； wake up醒来；care for照顾； search for寻找。根据"As there were more elderly people to" (由于有更多的老人)可知，应该说老人需要照顾。故选C。
30．句意：由于有更多的老人需要照顾， Ricky被要求介绍有关慈善机构的信息，以邀请新的志愿者。young年轻的； creative有创造力的； new新的； important重要的。根据"As there were more elderly people to care for" (由于有更多的老人需要照顾)以及"Ricky was asked to present information about the charity to invite" (Ricky被要求介绍有关慈善机构的信息以邀请)可知，应该说邀请新的志愿者来。故选C。
31．句意：他害怕在众人面前讲话。dream梦想； fear害怕； chance机会； courage勇气。根据"He agreed but soon regretted it." (他同意了、但很快就后悔了。)可知，他害怕在众人面前讲话。故选B。
32．句意： Vijay对他笑了笑。 gift礼物； smile微笑； lesson课程； surprise惊讶。根据"You'll be fine.Don't worry about yourself but think of the elderly people who need help." (你会没事的。不要担心你自己，想想那些需要帮助的老人。)可知，此处是在安慰Ricky，应说对Ricky笑了。故选B。
33．句意：我们这样做是为了更好地为他们服务。us我们； you你； him他； them他们。根据前文的"Ricky was asked to present information about the charity" (Vijay被要求介绍慈善机构的信息)以及"We are doing this to serve" (我们这样做是为了服务)可知，是更好的为他们服务。故选D。
34．句意：他不再担心别人会怎么看他。how如何； why为什么；when什么时候；where在哪里。根据"others would look at him." (别人会怎么看他)可知，此处指的是别人如何看待他。故选A。
35．句意：相反，他试图让自己的演讲清晰而有意义。famous著名的； similar相似的； peaceful和平的； meaningful有意义的。根据"he tried to make his presentation clear and…" (他试图让自己的演讲清晰和……)并结合语境可知，应说让自己的演讲清晰而有意义。故选D。
四、第三部分语言知识运用，第二节词汇运用(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
（2024·嘉兴模拟）A. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
key thanks to improve among safe
36．Since Mia joined the art club, her skills in painting a lot.
37．Learning to cook healthy meals is the to developing good eating habits.
38．When riding a bike to school, always remember that comes first.
39． _the scientists'hard work, Chang'e-6 was sent to the space successfully.
40．The traditional dress Mamiangun is getting more and more popular teenagers.
【答案】36．have improved
37．key
38．safety
39．Thanks to
40．among
【知识点】不可数名词；过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响；固定搭配；方位介词between, among, around的用法比较
【解析】【分析】 key，关键；thanks to，多亏了；improve，改善；提高；among，在……之中；在……之间
【点评】考查选词填空。主要考查了词汇的词性转换、固定短语以及根据语境选择合适的词汇。在做这类题时，要注意句子的时态、语境以及词汇的用法。
36．句意：自从米娅加入艺术俱乐部以来，她的绘画技巧提高了很多。结合语句Since Mia joined the art club, her skills in painting…a lot. 及所给单词的提示可知，此空表示"提高"，其英文翻译为improve，动词。since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时。主语his skills，助动词要用have，故填have improved。
37．句意：学习烹饪健康食品是养成良好饮食习惯的关键。结合语句Learning to cook healthy meals is the…to developing good eating habits. 及所给单词的提示可知，the key to，……的关键，……的钥匙，固定结构，故答案为key。
38．句意：骑自行车上学时，永远记住安全第一。结合语句When riding a bike to school, always remember that…comes first. 及所给单词的提示可知，此空表示"安全"safety，形容词safe的名词形式，不可数，故答案为safety。
39．句意：多亏了科学家们的辛勤工作，嫦娥六号成功地被送入太空。结合语句…the scientists'hard work, Chang'e-6 was sent to the space successfully. 及所给单词的提示可知，此空表示"多亏了"，thanks to，固定结构。位于句首，第一个字母大写，故答案为Thanks to。
40．句意：传统服饰马面裙在青少年中越来越受欢迎。结合语句The traditional dress Mamiangun is getting more and more popular …teenagers. 及所给单词的提示可知，此空表示"在……中间"，among，介词，表示在三者或三者以上之间，故答案为among。
（2024·嘉兴模拟）B. 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
The beginning of spring is beautiful. The winter cold starts to leave, and flowers start to come out. It is the 41． (完美)time to visit flower gardens like Keukenhof, which lies in the Netherlands. The area used to 42． ( 提 供 )food for the towns around. People raised animals and planted vegetables as well as 43． (水果). For this reason, it was known as "kitchen garden"in the 15th century.
As time went on, different people owned the. 44． ( 土 地 )and made changes to it. In 1641, a large house was built and named Keukenhof. 45． (超过)200 years later, the garden area was rebuilt in an English style. It was first open to the 46． ( 公 共 )in 1950. More than 200, 000 people visited the park during its first year. Now, it receives about one. 47． (百万)visitors every year.
Keukenhof is a spring garden and is only open for eight weeks each year, usually between. 48． (三月) and May. The best time to see the flowers. 49． (取决于)on the growing season for that year. The park has many paths for walking or biking, allowing visitors to fully enjoy 50． _ (他们自己)here. As one of the largest flower gardens in the world, Keukenhof is a good place for flower lovers.
【答案】41．perfect；42．provide；43．fruit；44．land；45．Over；46．public；47．million；48．March；49．depends；50．themselves
【知识点】反身代词；动词原形；其他题材；说明文；简单形容词
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要讲述了库肯霍夫花园的历史。
【点评】考查单词拼写。做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
41．句意：这是参观库肯霍夫花园，荷兰的一个花卉公园的最佳时间。根据括号内中文"完美的"提示可知， perfect，形容词，作定语修饰名词time，故填perfect。
42．句意：这个地区过去为周围的城镇提供食物。根据括号内中文"提供"提示可知，provide，动词。 used to do sth.过去常常做某事，固定短语，故填provide。
43．句意：人们饲养动物，种植蔬菜和水果。根据括号内中文"水果"提示可知，fruit，不可数名词，故填fruit。
44．句意：随着时间的推移，不同的人拥有土地并对它进行了改造。根据括号内中文"土地"提示可知，land，不可数名词，故填land。
45．句意： 200多年后，花园区域以英式风格重建。根据括号内中文"超过"提示可知， over，介词，单词位于句首首字母要大写，故填Over。
46．句意： 1950年，它首次向公众开放。根据括号内中文"民众"提示可知，public，名词，the public公众，固定搭配，故填public。
47．句意：现在，它每年接待约100万游客。根据括号内中文"百万"提示可知， million，可数名词，前面有基数词时，用单数， one million visitors一百万游客，故填million。
48．句意：库肯霍夫花园是一个春季花园，每年只开放八周，通常在三月到五月之间。根据括号内中文"三月"提示可知，March，专有名词，故填March。
49．句意：观看花卉的最佳时间取决于当年的生长季节。根据括号内中文"取决于"提示可知， depend，动词，句子描述的是一般事实，时态为一般现在时，主语time是不可数名词，谓语动词depend用单数depends,故填depends。
50．句意：公园有许多步行或骑自行车的路径，让游客充分享受自己。根据括号内中文"他们自己"提示可知， themselves，反身代词， enjoy oneself享受自己，固定短语，故填themselves。
五、语法填空(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
（2024·嘉兴模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Anita loves bedtime because her dad always tells her stories. Usually, he tells classic children's stories, for example, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Animal. 51． (story)make a good choice, too. Anita is always ready to hear her dad's next story.
52． that night, it was Mom who put Anita into bed. Anita asked Mom where Dad was and she 53． (tell)that Dad was sick, so Mom came 54． (share)her a story. Mom began to tell a story about Peppa Pig, but. 55． _Anita, it wasn't the same. She really worried about Dad and missed story time with him. She thought maybe Dad 56． (miss)it at that moment, too. This gave her an idea.
Anita 57． (immediate)jumped out of bed and rushed to Dad's room. When the door was open, Dad said sorry to her weakly. Anita sat beside the bed and gave Dad. 58． hug. "It's OK, Dad. Tonight, let me tell you a story. "
Lying in the big bed between Dad and Mom, Anita told 59． (they)a story about a big palace, a dragon, and a princess. She didn't stop until Dad fell asleep. "Get well quickly, Dad, "Anita said softly, "It was 60． (sweet)night we've had. Thank you for giving me the magic power of telling stories. "
【答案】51．stories；52．but；53．was told；54．to share；55．for；56．was missing；57．immediately；58．a；59．them；60．the sweetest
【知识点】规则变化的可数名词复数；一般过去时的被动语态；故事阅读类；记叙文；形容词比较级与最高级的构成规则
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了安妮塔在爸爸生病的时候给爸爸讲故事的故事。
【点评】考查语法填空题。主要考查了词汇的正确形式运用、固定短语搭配以及连词的使用，涉及过去完成进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时等时态的用法。需要学生熟练掌握词汇的词性变化、短语搭配以及上下文逻辑关系来准确作答。
51．句意：动物故事也是一个不错的选择。story意为"故事",是可数名词。结合语句The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Animal. … make a good choice, too. 可知，前面没有限定词，所以用复数形式表示泛指，故填stories。
52．句意：安妮塔总是准备好听她爸爸的下一个故事，但是那天晚上是妈妈把安妮塔放在床上。根据语句Anita is always ready to hear her dad's next story. 及 that night, it was Mom who put Anita into bed. 的句意可知，前后句是转折关系，所以用转折连词but，意为"但是"，故填but。
53．句意：安妮塔问妈妈爸爸在哪里，被告知爸爸病了，所以这次妈妈来给她讲一个故事。tell意为"告诉",是动词，根据语句Anita asked Mom where Dad was and she…that Dad was sick, 可知，主语Anita和动词tell之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据asked可知，此处用一般过去时，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was，故填was told。
54．句意：安妮塔问妈妈爸爸在哪里，妈妈告诉她爸爸病了，于是妈妈来给她讲故事。share"分享",根据"her a story"可知，设空处表目的，填动词不定式作状语。故填 to share。
55．句意：妈妈开始给她讲《小猪佩奇》的故事，但对安妮塔来说，故事就不一样了。根据"…Anita, it wasn't the same"可知，此处指的是对安妮塔来说，介词 for"对于"符合语境。故填 for。
56．句意：她想也许爸爸在那一刻也在想念讲故事时间。miss"想念",根据"…it at that moment, too"可知，此处指的是生病的爸爸也许也正在想念故事时间，设空处用过去进行时，主语是"Dad"，be动词用was。故填was missing。
57．句意：安妮塔立刻从床上跳起来，冲向爸爸的房间。immediate意为"立刻的",是形容词，此处修饰动词jumped，应该用副词，故填immediately。
58．句意：安妮塔坐在床边，给了爸爸一个拥抱。hug意为"拥抱",是可数名词，此处是泛指，前面用不定冠词，hug以辅音音素开头，所以用a，故填a。
59．句意：躺在爸爸和妈妈之间的大床上，安妮塔给他们讲了一个关于一座大宫殿、一条龙和一个公主的故事。they意为"他们",是人称代词主格，此处作动词told的宾语，应该用宾格，故填them。
60．句意：这是我们有过的最甜蜜的夜晚。sweet意为"甜蜜的",是形容词，根据It was…night we've had.可知，此处用最高级，表示"最甜蜜的"，故填the sweetest。
六、第三部分书面表达(共一节，满分20分)
61．（2024·嘉兴模拟） 某英文网站开展了有关青少年兴趣爱好的网络调研，请你结合以下网页信息，写一篇英语短文投稿， 分享你的爱好(包括所属类别、喜欢的原因、与这个爱好相关的生活经历及收获)
注意：(1)短文必须包含网页中的相关信息，并适当发挥；(2)文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息；(3)词数：80～100词。
【答案】 Among all the hobbies listed—Art/Music, Health/Fitness, Reading, Outdoor activities, and others—my favorite one is reading. It brings me knowledge, relaxation, and confidence.
Reading is my favorite hobby. It helps me relax and learn new things. I love adventure books like Harry Potter—they take me to exciting worlds! Reading improves my English and gives me interesting ideas to share with friends.
I usually read for 30 minutes before bed. It makes me happy and helps me sleep better. My parents say reading is good for my future too.
Try reading! You'll discover wonderful stories and gain knowledge. It's an easy hobby that anyone can enjoy.
【知识点】其他类作文；记叙文；业余活动
【解析】【分析】这篇写作是一篇图表型的话题作文，要求以第一人称，用一般现在时写一篇稿件，分享个人的爱好，并结合网页提供的信息，包括不同爱好的受欢迎程度。选择一个爱好作为写作的主题，编写一个简短的故事，包括何时、何地、做了什么以及为什么喜欢这个爱好，并解释这个爱好带来的好处。写作时用过渡衔接语把自己的做法写清楚，多使用高级句式，如状语从句、定语从句等。
【点评】写此类作文，可以选择"阅读"作为爱好，因为它在网页信息中显示为受欢迎的爱好之一，有223人选择，占22.3%。编写故事时，使用when (何时) 、where (何地)、what (做了什么)、why (为什么喜欢)来描述。阅读带来好处如learn new skills (学习新技能)、bring pleasure (带来快乐) 、build up confidence (建立白信) 。写作步骤为①引出话题，介绍自己的爱好；②介绍读书的意义；③书写结语。可用词汇①start to do sth.开始做某事；②From then on从那时起等。可用高分句型为①Last spring when I started to read Harry Potter at the city library nearby, it felt like stepping into a whole newworld. (when引导的时间状语从句)②From then on, I lost myself in the book, which has made a memorable experience. (which引导的定语从句）等。
浙江省嘉兴市2024年中考二模英语试题
一、第一部分阅读理解，第一节阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
（2024·嘉兴模拟） 阅读理解
At the National Music Hall in Madrid, Wednesday's performance of Handel's Messiah was cut in by a mobile phone ringing in a row close to the stage. Conductor (乐队指挥)William Christie stopped the performance, turned, pointed at the man, and shouted, "Out!You have just broken one of the most beautiful works ever written. "The phone owner got up and quickly left the hall.
Comments
Danny 23 December 14:50
Good for him. It's time to say no to this kind of behavior. If people can't live without their phones for two hours, they shouldn't go to concerts. We need a new rule for concert halls and theatres:you have to leave your phone in a certain place outside the hall. And the same for the cinema!
REPLY Cassie 23 December 17:30
Great idea. I would also add another rule:if you are caught with a mobile phone in the concert hall, you might pay a fine!
REPLYAnton 23 December 19:43
If people aren't allowed to use phones at concerts, the theatre will lose a lot of audience(观众) . There are people who have work phones, and their companies tell them they mustn't give their phones to anyone.
REPLY Kasia 24 December 01:16
I think all concert halls should block mobile phone reception (信号) .
REPLY Marcel 24 December 07:08
Blocking reception wouldn't solve the problem. Sometimes it's an alarm that makes the phone ring. What really matters is to raise the awareness of rules.
1．Why did the conductor ask the man to gct out of thc music hall
A．Because the man fell aslecp.
B．Bccausc the man shouted loudly.
C．Because the man's phone rang.
D．Because the man fook a photo of him.
2．Who holds a different opinion from Danny's
A．Cassie. B．Anton. C．Kasia. D．Marcel.
3．Where can you most probably read thc 1cxi
A．In a diary B．ln a magazine
C．In a guidcbook. D．On the Internet.
（2024·嘉兴模拟） 阅读理解
Born and grown up in Aftica. 1 first lonrnednbout China through famous Kungfu movies. And when I was in college, 1 was lucky to got a chance to visit the famous Shaolin Temple in Henan Province.
At the time, 1 didn't realizc that besides the long-expected Kungfu, thousands of surprises were waiting for me in China. To bogin with. I was nol prepared for the weather. It was a dificult change from hot summer in Afica to cold winter in China. The language was a huge problem for me as well. Getting used to Chinese food also seemed impossible then, but now I'm a great fan of the food here.
The Kungfu training was far from easy and the first week was the hardest. We got up at 5 am and practiced throughout the day. The rest of the time was used for having meals and studying Chinese language and culture. Although it was very tiring, the repeated and long-time exercises built up both my body and mind. The life in Shaolin Temple made me realize how important politeness, respect and perseverance (毅力)are to the basic spirit of Chinese Kungfu and that they should be practiced throughout our daily lives.
Day by day, I came to notice that China is a place full of wonders, a place where hard work pays off. And I finally fell in love with its culture and people. That's why I've decided to stay and continue my studies in China.
The world is becoming better united, and all our cultures are amazing. I will happily be a bridge of China to the world, sharing my stories in this open and people-centered country.
4．How did the writer first get to know China
A．By watching Kungfu movies. B．By tasting Chinese food.
C．By reading Kungfu stories. D．By taking a Chinese class.
5．What did the writer learn about the spirit of Chinese Kungfu according to Paragraph 3
A．The value of friendship and trust.
B．The quality of kindness and honesty.
C．The balance of training and studying.
D．The importance of patience and respect.
6．Why did the writer decide to continue his studies in China
A．He wanted to visit more of China's wonders.
B．He found a well-paid job and began a new life.
C．He got a chance to play a role in a Kungfu movie.
D．He developed a love for Chinese culture and people.
7．What is the writer's purpose of writing this passage
A．To express thanks to his home country.
B．To share his wonderful experience in China.
C．To invite more people to learn Chinese Kungfu.
D．To show the friendship between China and Africa.
（2024·嘉兴模拟） 阅读理解
Humans enjoy talking to their dogs. If you have a four-legged friend of your own, you might have taught them to respond to commands(命令)like "sit"and "stay". While it's true that they may not be able to take in much of what you're saying, a new study has suggested that dogs can understand more than you might think.
Scientists carried out an experiment that focused on nouns (words for things). Eighteen dogs were taken to the lab, and their owners brought five objects their pets knew well, including shoes, toys and balls. For the experiment, the owners said the name of an object. Then they showed their dog either the object that matched the word or a different one. The dogs wore special devices (仪器)on their heads that were used to record their brain activity.
For 14 of the 18 degs, brain activity wae different whrem the ohijcct matched the word, compared to the activiy if the wend nnd ohjcet didn't match. This brsin activity was similar to the brain acivity humans show in the snme kind of situnticn.
"The dog was thihking. "1 hesrd the word. mow the ohijcee meede to come. ""says Lilla Magyari, a scientist at the Universily of Stnvanger inNerway.
Why. then. do some dogs relise to get a ball or a toy back at their owners'
command "t might be thht the dnge den'ttchlly cate emonglh abonr the game. "saya
Holly Root-Gutterldge. n drg hchhvior tesemrcher at the University of Lineoln in
England. "Your dog may understnndwhht yor te saying bnt chooxe mor to acr. "
Moving forward. resenrrhers are evrionus to know whether other animals can
match words with ohjcets, or whether this ability is special to dogs.
8．What does the experiment about dogs focus on
A．Teaching them to do things for thcit owncrs.
B．Studying their understanding of nou. . .
C．Reconding their brain activity during playtime.
D．Training them fo wear devices on their heads.
9．How did scientists carry out the experimcnt
A．Making comparisons. B．Setting models.
C．Doing surveys D．Listing ideas
10．According to Holly, why do some dogs refuse to get things at their owners'command
A．They are too tired to play.
B．They are afraid of the object.
C．They are not interested in the game.
D．They don't understand the command.
11．What's the best title of the passage
A．Dog Training:Brain Activities
B．Pet Raising:Choices Making
C．Dog Understanding;Object Names
D．Pet Communication:Words Matching
（2024·嘉兴模拟）阅读理解
Emojis are widely used on the Internet. The word "emoji"comes from Japanese, meaning "picture character". Emojis are small images(图像)that can be sent within text messages. They make it easier to express an idea or feeling without the need to type a lot of words.
The first set of emojis was created in 1997 by a Japanese company for their new telephones. This set included 90 black and white emoji characters, but they were not widely used because of low sales. It wasn't until two years later when Shigetaka Kurita created 176 emojis for another Japanese phone company that emojis started to become popular worldwide.
Now, there are more than 3, 000 emojis to choose from on nearly every texting platform(平台) . The images may look a little different on different platforms, but they share the same meaning. New emojis are added every year to show things in the real world. The Unicode Consortium (统一码联盟)decides which emojis are accepted.
Emojis have changed the way people express ideas in text messages. They were once seen as inappropriate at serious working places, but that is changing. It is now common for people to include a lively emoji in their work emails. Some offices even communicate with emojis that only people in the company will understand.
However, the meaning of an emoji can be different from person to person. For example, some might think the emoji" "means"prayer". Others might see it as "high five". Still others might think it means"please"or "thankyou"
People love emojis so much that there is a World Emoji Day on July 17, chosen because that is the day shown on the calendar emoji. Some celebrate by texting only with emojis. It is clear that emojis have become a new form of communication that continues to develop.
12．Why are emojis widely used
A．They make communication easier.
B．They can be sent as text messages.
C．They are from the Japanese characters.
D．There are many people on the Internet.
13．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The advantages of emojis. B．The meanings of emojis.
C．The development of emojis. D．The popularity of cmojis.
14．What does the underlined word "inappropriate"mean in Paragraph 4
A．Not funny. B．Not proper
C．Not creative. D．Not special.
15．Why is the emoji 'mentioned in Paragraph 5
A．To show some emojis are hard to understand.
B．To cxplain the cmoji""is used most widely.
C．To show a samc cmoji can be used differently by different peoplc.
D．To explain the emoji""looks different on different platforns.
二、第一部分阅读理解，第二节任务型阅读与表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)
（2024·嘉兴模拟）阅读下而短文，然后从文后所给的A—E 五个选项中选择正确的选项填入31—34题(有一项为多余 选项), 并结合文本内容回答第35题。
ATEAM FOR LIFE
Asuccessfulteamproject Sarah successfully completed a science project with her tcam, and we asked her to sharc something about it * 16． Our class had to do a group project on renewable energy. My team studied different types like solar and wind power:Then we built a small model to show them. *Whatwasthebestpartofworkingintheteam It was dividing up the work. We each sttdied a different energy type. Then we came together to decide what to focus on for the model *Werethereanychallenges At first it was hard to agree on which to choose. We all had different ideas. So we had to make a plan to work on the project together * 17． We communicated a lot and listened to each other. When we couldn't agree, we voted. We've also taken lots of photos to record the process (过程), and when we look back at them, they do bring back all those happy moments. Goodtoknow 18． Thelistener quietly keeps an eye on you and is willing to listen whenever you want to talk. The fixer shows an amazing ability tc solve problems. They can suggest creative solutions to problems with your studies, and cven rclationships Theorganizer knows you well and is always good at making plans. This helpful person enjoys planning trips, buying tickets and much more. The reporter takes photos of cverything your team does and posts them on the Internet 19． They're always sharing whatever you do together.
A. How did you manage to solve the problem
B. Diferent people play different roles in a team.
C. Why did you choose them as your teammates
D. This person helps build a good relationship in the team.
E. Tell us about the science project you worked on with your team.
Which job would you like to take in a team Why (约20词) 20．
三、第三部分语言知识运用，第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
（2024·嘉兴模拟）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When Ricky was in school, he was shy and did not have fiends. His classmates hardly spoke to him, nor helped him with anything. He thought, "It's OK. I don't 21． a thing like that anyway. "
Leaving school, Ricky worked. 22． a deliveryman(送货员) . The job suited him because he was often alone on the road and did not have to. 23． with others. One day, he met Vijay, another deliveryman. Vijay was not feeling well. He asked whether Ricky could do some deliveries for him, . 24． he could go to the doctor. Without thinking much, Ricky took the job. Vijay was very. 25． . "You're a kind-hearted person!"he said.
Ricky was glad to. 26． and even better, he made a new friend. Vijay was a volunteer at the charity of looking after the elderly people. Ricky soon joined the- 27． . He visited the old people regularly(定期地), helping with the housework and taking part in activities with them. 28． he found it not so hard to talk to people and he became more confident.
As there were more elderly people to . 29． , Ricky was asked to present information about the charity to invite 30． volunteers. He agreed but soon regretted it. He had a. 31． of speaking in front of a crowd. "I'm so nervous. I can't do it, "he said to Vijay.
Vijay gave him a 32． . "You'll be fine. Don't worry about yourself but think of the elderly people who need help. We are doing this to serve. 33． _better. "
The fog in Ricky's mind lifted. He stopped worrying about. 34． others would look at him. Instead, he tried to make his presentation clear and 35． . The hard task turned out to be a pleasure. And the presentation
went well, just as Vijay promised.
21．A． own B． need C． hear D． know
22．A． on B． for C． as D． with
23．A． fight B． study C． perform D． communicate
24．A． so B． but C． until D． before
25．A． relaxed B． excited C． touched D． interested
26．A． help B． guess C． decide D． protect
27．A． class B． team C． survey D． company
28．A． Slowly B． Quietly C． Naturally D． Generally
29．A． look up B． wake up C． care for D． search for
30．A． young B． creative C． new D． important
31．A． dream B． fear C． chance D． courage
32．A． gif B． smile C． lesson D． surprise
33．A． us B． you C． him D． them
34．A． how B． why C． when D． where
35．A． famous B． similar C． peaceful D． meaningful
四、第三部分语言知识运用，第二节词汇运用(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
（2024·嘉兴模拟）A. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
key thanks to improve among safe
36．Since Mia joined the art club, her skills in painting a lot.
37．Learning to cook healthy meals is the to developing good eating habits.
38．When riding a bike to school, always remember that comes first.
39． _the scientists'hard work, Chang'e-6 was sent to the space successfully.
40．The traditional dress Mamiangun is getting more and more popular teenagers.
（2024·嘉兴模拟）B. 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
The beginning of spring is beautiful. The winter cold starts to leave, and flowers start to come out. It is the 41． (完美)time to visit flower gardens like Keukenhof, which lies in the Netherlands. The area used to 42． ( 提 供 )food for the towns around. People raised animals and planted vegetables as well as 43． (水果). For this reason, it was known as "kitchen garden"in the 15th century.
As time went on, different people owned the. 44． ( 土 地 )and made changes to it. In 1641, a large house was built and named Keukenhof. 45． (超过)200 years later, the garden area was rebuilt in an English style. It was first open to the 46． ( 公 共 )in 1950. More than 200, 000 people visited the park during its first year. Now, it receives about one. 47． (百万)visitors every year.
Keukenhof is a spring garden and is only open for eight weeks each year, usually between. 48． (三月) and May. The best time to see the flowers. 49． (取决于)on the growing season for that year. The park has many paths for walking or biking, allowing visitors to fully enjoy 50． _ (他们自己)here. As one of the largest flower gardens in the world, Keukenhof is a good place for flower lovers.
五、语法填空(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
（2024·嘉兴模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Anita loves bedtime because her dad always tells her stories. Usually, he tells classic children's stories, for example, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Animal. 51． (story)make a good choice, too. Anita is always ready to hear her dad's next story.
52． that night, it was Mom who put Anita into bed. Anita asked Mom where Dad was and she 53． (tell)that Dad was sick, so Mom came 54． (share)her a story. Mom began to tell a story about Peppa Pig, but. 55． _Anita, it wasn't the same. She really worried about Dad and missed story time with him. She thought maybe Dad 56． (miss)it at that moment, too. This gave her an idea.
Anita 57． (immediate)jumped out of bed and rushed to Dad's room. When the door was open, Dad said sorry to her weakly. Anita sat beside the bed and gave Dad. 58． hug. "It's OK, Dad. Tonight, let me tell you a story. "
Lying in the big bed between Dad and Mom, Anita told 59． (they)a story about a big palace, a dragon, and a princess. She didn't stop until Dad fell asleep. "Get well quickly, Dad, "Anita said softly, "It was 60． (sweet)night we've had. Thank you for giving me the magic power of telling stories. "
六、第三部分书面表达(共一节，满分20分)
61．（2024·嘉兴模拟） 某英文网站开展了有关青少年兴趣爱好的网络调研，请你结合以下网页信息，写一篇英语短文投稿， 分享你的爱好(包括所属类别、喜欢的原因、与这个爱好相关的生活经历及收获)
注意：(1)短文必须包含网页中的相关信息，并适当发挥；(2)文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息；(3)词数：80～100词。
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．B
3．D
【知识点】其他题材；细节理解；新媒体语篇；文章出处
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要讲述了在国家音乐厅，一场音乐会被观众的手机铃声打断，乐队指挥要求观众出去，由此引发了网友们的讨论。
【点评】考查阅读理解题。通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1．细节理解题。根据文中语句"At the National Music Hall in Madrid,Wednesday's performance of Handel's Messiah A was cut in on by a mobile phone ringing in a row close to the stage. (在马德里的国家音乐厅，周三哈德尔弥赛亚A的演出被舞台附近一排的手机铃声打断了。)"可知，乐队指挥让这个男人从音乐厅出去是因为这个人的手机响了。故答案为C。
2．细节理解题。根据文中"Comments (评论) "中丹尼的观点"Good for him.It's time to say no to this kind of behavior. (对他有好处。是时候对这种行为说不了。) "和倒数第三段"If people aren't allowed to use phones at concerts,the theatre will lose a large
audience. (如果人们不允许在音乐会上使用手机，剧院将失去大量观众。)"可知，丹尼认为剧院应该禁止使用手机，而安东认为剧院不应该禁止使用手机，所以安东的观点与丹尼不同。故答案为B。
3．出处推测题。根据文中"Comments (评论) "中"Danny 23 December 14:50 (丹尼12月23日14:50) "、 "Cassie 23 December 17:30 (凯西12月23日17:30) "、 "Anton 23 December 19:43 (安东12月23日19:43) "和"Kasia 24 December Ol:16 (卡西娅12月24日01:16) "可知，这篇文章是网友们的评论，最有可能在互联网上读到。故答案为D。
【答案】4．A
5．D
6．D
7．B
【知识点】记叙文；自我认识；细节理解；文章大意
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要讲述了作者在中国的经历和感受，他逐渐爱上了中国文化。
【点评】考查阅读理解题。做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
4．理解归纳题。根据第一段第一句"Born and grown up in Africa, I first learned about China through famous Kungfu movies. (我在非洲出生和长大，我最初通过著名的功夫电影了解中国。)"可知，作者最初是通过观看功夫电影了解中国的。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"The life in Shaolin Temple made me realize how important politeness, respect and perseverance are to the basic spirit of Chinese Kungfu. (在少林寺的生活使我意识到礼貌、尊重和毅力对中国功夫的基本精神有多么重要。）"可知，根据第三段，作者认为礼貌，尊重及毅力对中国功夫精神很重要，故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句"And I finally fell in love with its culture and people. That's why I've decided to stay and continue my studies in China. (我最终爱上了它的文化和人民。这就是为什么我决定留下来，继续在中国学习。) "可知，作者决定在中国继续他的学业的原因是他喜欢这里的文化与人民，故选D。
7． 主旨归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者在中国的经历和感受，故选B。
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．C
11．C
【知识点】其他题材；其他语篇类型；细节理解；标题选择
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要讲述科学家通过在狗的脑袋上戴着特殊的仪器来记录它们的大脑活动，以探究狗是否能理解名词。
【点评】考查阅读理解题。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Scientists carried out an experiment that focused on nouns (words for things)."可知，科学家们进行了一项以名词为中心的实验。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"For 14 of the 18 dogs, brain activity was different when the object matched the word, compared to the activity if the word and object didn't match."可知，对于18只狗中的14只来说，当物体与单词匹配时，与单词与物体不匹配时相比，大脑活动是不同的，所以科学家通过比较来进行实验。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的""It might be that the dogs don't really care enough about the game,' says Holly Root-
Gutteridge"可知，有些狗拒绝接受主人的命令的原因是因为它们对游戏不感兴趣。故选C。
11．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述科学家通过在狗的脑袋上戴着特殊的仪器来记录它们的大脑活动，以探究狗是否能理解名词。故选C。
【答案】12．A
13．C
14．B
15．C
【知识点】其他题材；说明文；细节理解；词义猜测；文章大意
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要讲述了表情符号的发展及使用状况。
【点评】考查阅读理解题。首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案。最后再通读全文，核对答案。
12．细节理解题。根据"They make it easier to express an idea or feeling without the need to type a lot of words."可知，因为它们使得沟通更容易。故选A
13．主旨大意题。根据"The first set of emojis was created in 1997 by a Japanese company for their new telephones."以及"It wasn't until two years later when Shigetaka Kurita created 176 emojis for another Japanese phone company that emojis started to become popular worldwide."可知，这一段讲述了表情符号的发展历史。故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据"They were once seen as inappropriate at serious working places, but that is changing. It is now common for people to include a lively emoji in their work emails."可知，后文提到了现在人们在工作邮件中使用活泼的表情符号是很常见的，划线句提的是以前的情况，因此划线词的意思是"不合适的"。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据"However, the meaning of an emoji can be different from person to person."以及后文举例的这个表情符号可知，是为了告诉人们同样的表情符号，不同的人可以有不同的用法。故选C。
【答案】16．E；17．A；18．B；19．D；20．I'd like to be the organiser because I enjoy keeping everyone focused and happy when goals are met.
【知识点】其他题材；其他语篇类型；细节理解；推理判断
【解析】【分析】文章大意：分享了Sarah和她的团队成功地完成的一个科学项目。
A. How did you manage to solve the problem 你是如何解决这个问题的？
B. Different people play different roles in a team.团队中不同的人扮演不同的角色。
C. Why did you choose them as your teammates 你为什么选择他们作为你的队友？
D. This person helps build a good relationship in the team.这个人有助于在团队中建立良好的关系。
E. Tell us about the science project you worked on with your team.请告诉我们你和你的团队一起做的科学项目。
【点评】考查任务型阅读。做题时结合题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理地分析才能得出正确的答案。
16．根据"Our class had to do a group project on renewable energy."可知，此处是介绍做的项目是什么。选项E"你和你的团队做过什么科学项目 "符合语境。故选E。
17．根据"We communicated a lot and listened to each other. When we couldn't agree, we voted."可知，设空处应该问如何解决问题。选项A"你是怎样设法解决这个问题的 "符合语境。故选A。
18．根据"The listener quietly keeps an eye on you and is willing to listen whenever you want to talk.", "The fixer shows an
amazing ability to solve problems."以及"The organizer knows you well and is always good at making plans."可知，后文分别介绍了不同的人扮演的不同的角色。选项B"不同的人在团队中扮演不同的角色。"符合语境。故选B。
19．根据"The reporter takes photos of everything your team does and posts them on the Internet."以及"They're always
sharing whatever you do together."可知，设空处应该说这个人的职责与团队关系相关联，选项D"这个人有助于在团队中建立良好的关系。"符合语境。故选D。
20．句意：在团队中你想承担哪项工作？为什么？开放性问题，言之有理即可，参考答案为： I'd like to be the organiser because I enjoy keeping everyone focused and happy when goals are met.
【答案】21．B；22．C；23．D；24．A；25．C；26．A；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．C；31．B；32．B；33．D；34．A；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：讲述了Ricky由于内向，做了送货员，在工作期间认识了志愿者Vijay，在他的影响下Ricky开始了志愿者工作。
【点评】考查完形填。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
21．句意：反正我也不需要那样的东西。own拥有； need需要； hear听见； know知道。根据"His classmates hardly spoke to him, nor helped him with anything" (他的同学几乎不和他说话，也没有帮过他什么)以及"It's OK.I don't" (没事。我不)可知，是说自己不需要那样的东西。故选B。
22．句意：离开学校后， Ricky做了一名送货员。on在……上； for为了； as作为； with和。根据"a deliveryman (送货员) " (一名送货员)可知，是作为送货员工作。故选C。
23．句意：这份工作很适合他，因为他经常一个人在路上，不需要和别人交流。fight打架； study学习； perform表演； communicate交流。根据前文"he was shy and did not have fiends." (他很害羞，没有朋友。)可知，工作很适合他，因为不需要和别人交流。故选D。
24．句意：他问Ricky能不能帮他送货，因此他就能去看医生了。so因此，然后； but但是； until直到； before在……之前。根据"Vijay was not feeling well." (Vijay感觉不舒服。)和"he could go to thedoctor." (他就能去看医生了。)可知，这里应说"因此"他就能去看医生了。故选A。
25．句意： Vijay非常感动。 relaxed放松的； excited兴奋的； touched感动的； interested感兴趣的。根据"Without thinking much, Ricky took the job." (没有多想， Ricky接受了这份工作。)可知， Vijay非常感动。故选C。
26．句意： Ricky很乐意帮忙，更棒的是，他交了一个新朋友。help帮助； guess猜测； decide决定； protect保护。根据"Without thinking much, Ricky took the job." (没有多想， Ricky接受了这份工作。)以及"and even better, he made a new
friend." (更棒的是，他交了一个新朋友。)可知， Ricky很乐意帮忙。故选A。
27．句意： Ricky很快就加入了队伍。class班级； team队伍； survey调查； company公司。根据"Vijay was a volunteer at the charity of looking after the elderly people" (Vijay是照顾老人慈善机构的志愿者)可知，这里指的Ricky很快就加入了志愿者的队伍。故选B。
28．句意：慢慢地，他发现与人交谈并不是那么困难，他变得更加自信了。 Slowly慢慢地； Quietly安静地； Naturally自然地； Generally通常。根据"he found it not so hard to talk to people and he became more confident." (他发现与人交谈并不是那么困难，他变得更加自信了。)并结合语境，指的是"慢慢地",他发现与人交谈并不是那么困难。故选A。
29．句意：由于有更多的老人需要照顾， Ricky被要求介绍有关慈善机构的信息，以邀请新的志愿者。look up查阅； wake up醒来；care for照顾； search for寻找。根据"As there were more elderly people to" (由于有更多的老人)可知，应该说老人需要照顾。故选C。
30．句意：由于有更多的老人需要照顾， Ricky被要求介绍有关慈善机构的信息，以邀请新的志愿者。young年轻的； creative有创造力的； new新的； important重要的。根据"As there were more elderly people to care for" (由于有更多的老人需要照顾)以及"Ricky was asked to present information about the charity to invite" (Ricky被要求介绍有关慈善机构的信息以邀请)可知，应该说邀请新的志愿者来。故选C。
31．句意：他害怕在众人面前讲话。dream梦想； fear害怕； chance机会； courage勇气。根据"He agreed but soon regretted it." (他同意了、但很快就后悔了。)可知，他害怕在众人面前讲话。故选B。
32．句意： Vijay对他笑了笑。 gift礼物； smile微笑； lesson课程； surprise惊讶。根据"You'll be fine.Don't worry about yourself but think of the elderly people who need help." (你会没事的。不要担心你自己，想想那些需要帮助的老人。)可知，此处是在安慰Ricky，应说对Ricky笑了。故选B。
33．句意：我们这样做是为了更好地为他们服务。us我们； you你； him他； them他们。根据前文的"Ricky was asked to present information about the charity" (Vijay被要求介绍慈善机构的信息)以及"We are doing this to serve" (我们这样做是为了服务)可知，是更好的为他们服务。故选D。
34．句意：他不再担心别人会怎么看他。how如何； why为什么；when什么时候；where在哪里。根据"others would look at him." (别人会怎么看他)可知，此处指的是别人如何看待他。故选A。
35．句意：相反，他试图让自己的演讲清晰而有意义。famous著名的； similar相似的； peaceful和平的； meaningful有意义的。根据"he tried to make his presentation clear and…" (他试图让自己的演讲清晰和……)并结合语境可知，应说让自己的演讲清晰而有意义。故选D。
【答案】36．have improved
37．key
38．safety
39．Thanks to
40．among
【知识点】不可数名词；过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响；固定搭配；方位介词between, among, around的用法比较
【解析】【分析】 key，关键；thanks to，多亏了；improve，改善；提高；among，在……之中；在……之间
【点评】考查选词填空。主要考查了词汇的词性转换、固定短语以及根据语境选择合适的词汇。在做这类题时，要注意句子的时态、语境以及词汇的用法。
36．句意：自从米娅加入艺术俱乐部以来，她的绘画技巧提高了很多。结合语句Since Mia joined the art club, her skills in painting…a lot. 及所给单词的提示可知，此空表示"提高"，其英文翻译为improve，动词。since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时。主语his skills，助动词要用have，故填have improved。
37．句意：学习烹饪健康食品是养成良好饮食习惯的关键。结合语句Learning to cook healthy meals is the…to developing good eating habits. 及所给单词的提示可知，the key to，……的关键，……的钥匙，固定结构，故答案为key。
38．句意：骑自行车上学时，永远记住安全第一。结合语句When riding a bike to school, always remember that…comes first. 及所给单词的提示可知，此空表示"安全"safety，形容词safe的名词形式，不可数，故答案为safety。
39．句意：多亏了科学家们的辛勤工作，嫦娥六号成功地被送入太空。结合语句…the scientists'hard work, Chang'e-6 was sent to the space successfully. 及所给单词的提示可知，此空表示"多亏了"，thanks to，固定结构。位于句首，第一个字母大写，故答案为Thanks to。
40．句意：传统服饰马面裙在青少年中越来越受欢迎。结合语句The traditional dress Mamiangun is getting more and more popular …teenagers. 及所给单词的提示可知，此空表示"在……中间"，among，介词，表示在三者或三者以上之间，故答案为among。
【答案】41．perfect；42．provide；43．fruit；44．land；45．Over；46．public；47．million；48．March；49．depends；50．themselves
【知识点】反身代词；动词原形；其他题材；说明文；简单形容词
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要讲述了库肯霍夫花园的历史。
【点评】考查单词拼写。做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
41．句意：这是参观库肯霍夫花园，荷兰的一个花卉公园的最佳时间。根据括号内中文"完美的"提示可知， perfect，形容词，作定语修饰名词time，故填perfect。
42．句意：这个地区过去为周围的城镇提供食物。根据括号内中文"提供"提示可知，provide，动词。 used to do sth.过去常常做某事，固定短语，故填provide。
43．句意：人们饲养动物，种植蔬菜和水果。根据括号内中文"水果"提示可知，fruit，不可数名词，故填fruit。
44．句意：随着时间的推移，不同的人拥有土地并对它进行了改造。根据括号内中文"土地"提示可知，land，不可数名词，故填land。
45．句意： 200多年后，花园区域以英式风格重建。根据括号内中文"超过"提示可知， over，介词，单词位于句首首字母要大写，故填Over。
46．句意： 1950年，它首次向公众开放。根据括号内中文"民众"提示可知，public，名词，the public公众，固定搭配，故填public。
47．句意：现在，它每年接待约100万游客。根据括号内中文"百万"提示可知， million，可数名词，前面有基数词时，用单数， one million visitors一百万游客，故填million。
48．句意：库肯霍夫花园是一个春季花园，每年只开放八周，通常在三月到五月之间。根据括号内中文"三月"提示可知，March，专有名词，故填March。
49．句意：观看花卉的最佳时间取决于当年的生长季节。根据括号内中文"取决于"提示可知， depend，动词，句子描述的是一般事实，时态为一般现在时，主语time是不可数名词，谓语动词depend用单数depends,故填depends。
50．句意：公园有许多步行或骑自行车的路径，让游客充分享受自己。根据括号内中文"他们自己"提示可知， themselves，反身代词， enjoy oneself享受自己，固定短语，故填themselves。
【答案】51．stories；52．but；53．was told；54．to share；55．for；56．was missing；57．immediately；58．a；59．them；60．the sweetest
【知识点】规则变化的可数名词复数；一般过去时的被动语态；故事阅读类；记叙文；形容词比较级与最高级的构成规则
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了安妮塔在爸爸生病的时候给爸爸讲故事的故事。
【点评】考查语法填空题。主要考查了词汇的正确形式运用、固定短语搭配以及连词的使用，涉及过去完成进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时等时态的用法。需要学生熟练掌握词汇的词性变化、短语搭配以及上下文逻辑关系来准确作答。
51．句意：动物故事也是一个不错的选择。story意为"故事",是可数名词。结合语句The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Animal. … make a good choice, too. 可知，前面没有限定词，所以用复数形式表示泛指，故填stories。
52．句意：安妮塔总是准备好听她爸爸的下一个故事，但是那天晚上是妈妈把安妮塔放在床上。根据语句Anita is always ready to hear her dad's next story. 及 that night, it was Mom who put Anita into bed. 的句意可知，前后句是转折关系，所以用转折连词but，意为"但是"，故填but。
53．句意：安妮塔问妈妈爸爸在哪里，被告知爸爸病了，所以这次妈妈来给她讲一个故事。tell意为"告诉",是动词，根据语句Anita asked Mom where Dad was and she…that Dad was sick, 可知，主语Anita和动词tell之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据asked可知，此处用一般过去时，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was，故填was told。
54．句意：安妮塔问妈妈爸爸在哪里，妈妈告诉她爸爸病了，于是妈妈来给她讲故事。share"分享",根据"her a story"可知，设空处表目的，填动词不定式作状语。故填 to share。
55．句意：妈妈开始给她讲《小猪佩奇》的故事，但对安妮塔来说，故事就不一样了。根据"…Anita, it wasn't the same"可知，此处指的是对安妮塔来说，介词 for"对于"符合语境。故填 for。
56．句意：她想也许爸爸在那一刻也在想念讲故事时间。miss"想念",根据"…it at that moment, too"可知，此处指的是生病的爸爸也许也正在想念故事时间，设空处用过去进行时，主语是"Dad"，be动词用was。故填was missing。
57．句意：安妮塔立刻从床上跳起来，冲向爸爸的房间。immediate意为"立刻的",是形容词，此处修饰动词jumped，应该用副词，故填immediately。
58．句意：安妮塔坐在床边，给了爸爸一个拥抱。hug意为"拥抱",是可数名词，此处是泛指，前面用不定冠词，hug以辅音音素开头，所以用a，故填a。
59．句意：躺在爸爸和妈妈之间的大床上，安妮塔给他们讲了一个关于一座大宫殿、一条龙和一个公主的故事。they意为"他们",是人称代词主格，此处作动词told的宾语，应该用宾格，故填them。
60．句意：这是我们有过的最甜蜜的夜晚。sweet意为"甜蜜的",是形容词，根据It was…night we've had.可知，此处用最高级，表示"最甜蜜的"，故填the sweetest。
61．【答案】 Among all the hobbies listed—Art/Music, Health/Fitness, Reading, Outdoor activities, and others—my favorite one is reading. It brings me knowledge, relaxation, and confidence.
Reading is my favorite hobby. It helps me relax and learn new things. I love adventure books like Harry Potter—they take me to exciting worlds! Reading improves my English and gives me interesting ideas to share with friends.
I usually read for 30 minutes before bed. It makes me happy and helps me sleep better. My parents say reading is good for my future too.
Try reading! You'll discover wonderful stories and gain knowledge. It's an easy hobby that anyone can enjoy.
【知识点】其他类作文；记叙文；业余活动
【解析】【分析】这篇写作是一篇图表型的话题作文，要求以第一人称，用一般现在时写一篇稿件，分享个人的爱好，并结合网页提供的信息，包括不同爱好的受欢迎程度。选择一个爱好作为写作的主题，编写一个简短的故事，包括何时、何地、做了什么以及为什么喜欢这个爱好，并解释这个爱好带来的好处。写作时用过渡衔接语把自己的做法写清楚，多使用高级句式，如状语从句、定语从句等。
【点评】写此类作文，可以选择"阅读"作为爱好，因为它在网页信息中显示为受欢迎的爱好之一，有223人选择，占22.3%。编写故事时，使用when (何时) 、where (何地)、what (做了什么)、why (为什么喜欢)来描述。阅读带来好处如learn new skills (学习新技能)、bring pleasure (带来快乐) 、build up confidence (建立白信) 。写作步骤为①引出话题，介绍自己的爱好；②介绍读书的意义；③书写结语。可用词汇①start to do sth.开始做某事；②From then on从那时起等。可用高分句型为①Last spring when I started to read Harry Potter at the city library nearby, it felt like stepping into a whole newworld. (when引导的时间状语从句)②From then on, I lost myself in the book, which has made a memorable experience. (which引导的定语从句）等。
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